32-548: The Tripartite Treaty may refer to: Tripartite Treaty (1838) Hewett Treaty (1884), between Ethiopia, Egypt, and the United Kingdom concerning ownership of Eritrea and the evacuation of Egyptian troops from Mahdist Sudan Tripartite Treaty (1906) , between France, Italy, and the United Kingdom concerning Ethiopian sovereignty and railroad construction Treaty of Kyakhta (1915) , between China, Russia and Mongolia wherein
64-734: A Companion of the Most Honorable Military Order of the Bath . Claude Martin [REDACTED] This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Lee, Sidney , ed. (1899). " Wade, Claude Martin ". Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 58. London: Smith, Elder & Co. [REDACTED] Works by or about Claude Martin Wade at Wikisource Dost Mohammad Khan Dost Mohammad Khan Barakzai ( Pashto / Persian : دوست محمد خان ; December 23, 1792 – June 8, 1863), nicknamed
96-594: A lesser degree, French imperial interests, political maneuvering was necessary. Rejecting overtures from Russia , he endeavoured to form an alliance with Great Britain, and welcomed Alexander Burnes to Kabul in 1837. Burnes, however, was unable to prevail on the governor-general, Lord Auckland , to respond to the Emir's advances. Dost Mohammad was enjoined to abandon the attempt to recover Peshawar, and to place his foreign policy under British guidance. He replied by renewing his relations with Russia, and in 1838 Lord Auckland set
128-444: A span exceeded only by Zahir Shah more than a century later. A brilliant strategist, and ruthless fighter from a young age, Dost Mohammad was regarded as one of the greatest rulers in the history of Afghanistan , his myriad of campaigns had successfully forged the cities of Kabul , Kandahar , and Herat into one state, which all his predecessors under the exception of Ahmad Shah Durrani had failed to do so. Dost Mohammad Khan
160-689: A treaty was concluded by which the province of Herat was placed under a Barakzai prince. During the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , Dost Mohammad refrained from assisting the insurgents. His later years were disturbed by troubles at Herat and in Bukhara . In March 1862, Ahmad Khan , the ruler of Herat , captured Farah , which had been controlled by the Barakzai Emirs since 30 October 1856. This became Dost Mohammad Khan's cassus belli to launch an attack on Herat. On 29 June or 8 July, Farah
192-787: The Amir-i Kabir , was the founder of the Barakzai dynasty and one of the prominent rulers of Afghanistan during the First Anglo-Afghan War . With the decline of the Durrani dynasty , he became the Emir of Afghanistan in 1826. An ethnic Pashtun , he belonged to the Barakzai tribe. He was the 11th son of Payinda Khan, chief of the Barakzai Pashtuns, who was killed in 1799 by King Zaman Shah Durrani . At
224-463: The Battle of Attock against the invading Sikhs . Mahmud Shah repaid Fateh Khan's services by having him brutally assassinated in 1818, thus incurring the enmity of his tribe. After a bloody conflict, Mahmud Shah was deprived of all his possessions but Herat , the rest of his dominions being divided among Fateh Khan's brothers. Of these, Dost Mohammad received Ghazni , to which in 1826 he added Kabul ,
256-613: The Jalalabad campaign , and then marching on Kandahar, where Shah Shuja was defeated by Dost Mohammad Khan under the walls of Kandahar , but Ranjit Singh seized the opportunity to annex Peshawar which was ruled by the Peshawar Sardars under his deposed brother, Sultan Mohammad Khan . Dost Mohammad sent his son Akbar Khan to defeat the Sikhs at the Battle of Jamrud in 1837. At the intersection of British, Russian and, to
288-578: The Qizilbash group. Dost Mohammad Khan spoke Pashto , Persian , Punjabi and Turkish . He was also credited with knowledge of Kashmiri by Mohan Lal . His elder brother, the chief of the Barakzai, Fateh Khan , took an important part in installing Mahmud Shah Durrani as the sovereign of Afghanistan in 1800 and in restoring him to the throne in 1809. Dost Mohammad accompanied his elder brother and then Prime Minister of Kabul Wazir Fateh Khan to
320-799: The Third Maratha War between 1817 and 1819. In 1823 he was diplomatic agent at Ludhiana , taking over from a Captain Murray. In 1835, Claude was in charge of relations with Maharaja Ranjit Singh . Col. C.M. Wade was the master of ceremonies at the Ropar Meeting that he organised between the Maharaja and the governor-general of the East India Company. He was able to win the confidence of Maharaja Ranjit Singh through mutual regard and understanding which greatly helped to change
352-587: The Afghans (although it never became a reality) and as a result, Mohammad sent 5,000 Afghans under Mohammad Akram Khan to aid the Sikhs in the war. When the Sikhs were defeated and the British retook Peshawar , it was feared in Kabul that the British would follow up their victory by invading Afghanistan . However, this never happened and Dost Mohammad therefore sent his son, Mohammad Akram Khan, to invade Balkh in
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#1732772907349384-581: The British as the only way to ensure the survival of the state. With the First and Second Anglo-Sikh Wars eliminating any threat that the volatile Sikh Empire would have had on Afghanistan, Dost Mohammad Khan was now able to freely expand his kingdom with the help of the British, realizing that he and British had common Central Asian goals. In 1843, Dost Mohammad Khan subdued the Hazarajat ( Behsud , Dai Zangi , Dai Kundi ) and Bamian , which had seized
416-548: The British troops in motion against him. To enable such an action, the British manufactured the evidence needed to justify the overthrow of the Afghan ruler. In 1835, Dost Mohammad Khan, the youngest and the most energetic of the Barakzai brothers, who had supplanted the Durrani dynasty and become Emir (lord, chief or king) of Kabul in 1825, advanced up to Khaibar Pass threatening to recover Peshawar. In 1836, Hari Singh Nalwa ,
448-564: The Mir Wali was forced to flee. On 30 March 1855, Dost Mohammad reversed his former policy by concluding an offensive and defensive alliance with the British government, signed by Sir Henry Lawrence , Chief Commissioner of the Punjab, first proposed by Herbert Edwardes . In November 1855, he conquered Kandahar . In 1857, he declared war on Persia in conjunction with the British, and in July,
480-657: The Sikh army with Shahzada Timoor (Shah Shuja's son) meant he was (amongst) the first to force the Khyber Pass . In 1845 he married Jane Selina, eldest daughter of Captain Thomas Nicholl of the Bengal Horse Artillery. She and their son Claude FitzRoy (barrister) survived him. In 1848 he had his last appointment as political agent for the vast area of Malwa In 1839, Wade was knighted and made
512-402: The Sikh general who along with Prince Nau Nihal Singh was guarding that frontier, built a chain of forts, including one at Jamrud at the eastern end of the Khyber Pass to defend the pass. Dost Muhammad erected a fort at `Ali Masjid at the other end. In the beginning of 1837, as Prince Nau Nihal Singh returned to Lahore to get married and the Maharaja and his court got busy with preparations for
544-477: The Spring of 1849. The invasion of Balkh was successful and the province was annexed into Afghanistan. When Afzal Khan would take materials from the dilapidated city of Balkh and use it to construct a cantonment known as Takhtapul nearby, so that by 1854 Takhtapul was a fully grown city complete with gardens and courts. In 1850 Mohammad Akram Khan's half brother, Ghulam Haidar Khan, conquered Tashqurghan and
576-721: The Tripartite Treaty with British viceroy Lord Auckland, restored Shah Shuja to the Afghan throne in Kabul on 7 August 1839. Dost Muhammad Khan was exiled by the British to Mussoorie in November 1840, but was restored to his former position after the murder of Shah Shuja in April 1842. He thereafter maintained cordial relations with the Lahore Darbar. These events led to the First Anglo-Afghan War . After
608-524: The beginning of his rule, the Afghans lost their former stronghold of Peshawar Valley in March 1823 to the Sikh Khalsa Army of Ranjit Singh at the Battle of Nowshera . The Afghan forces in the battle were led by Azim Khan , half-brother of Dost Mohammad Khan. By the end of his reign, he had reunited the principalities of Kandahar and Herat with Kabul. Dost had ruled for a lengthy 36 years,
640-544: The draft to Shah Shuja at Ludhiana through Macnaughten, Wade and Mackeson. The Shah objected to various articles, but he secured various assurances from the British Government, and on 17 July 1838, the mission left Ludhiana with the signed treaty. Shah Shuja raised his contingent of 6,000 at Ludhiana, and through the combined help of the British and the Sikhs he was placed on his ancestral throne on 7 August 1839. Claude's special mission in 1838 to Peshawur to join
672-529: The end of the First Anglo-Afghan War in 1842, Dost Mohammad Khan was now in a position to expand his state dramatically. This was in part due to the improving relationship between Dost Mohammad Khan and the British . During his exile in Calcutta , he was treated warmly. He took note of the technological superiority of the British and was convinced that constant wars with them would damage Afghanistan. Instead, Dost Mohammad would advocate for an alliance with
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#1732772907349704-401: The garrison commander of Jamrud, kept the invaders at bay for four days and managed meanwhile to send a desperate appeal for help to Hari Singh Nalva at Peshawar. Nalva rose from his sick bed and rushed to Jamrud. The final battle was fought on 30 April 1837, the Afghans withdrew from battle after Hari Singh Nalva was killed. In 1838, with the help and agreement of the Sikh monarch who joined
736-591: The latter was recognised as an autonomous part of China Tripartite Pact (1940), between Germany, Italy, and Japan, establishing the Axis alliance Tripartite Treaty Alliance of Iran (1941), Britain, and the Soviet Union, see Anglo-Soviet Agreement § Effect Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Tripartite Treaty . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
768-511: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tripartite_Treaty&oldid=1213819975 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tripartite Treaty (1838) Colonel Sir Claude Martin Wade CB (3 April 1794 – 21 October 1861)
800-570: The power vacuum during the British invasion to become independent. In 1846, a rebellion by the Kohistani Tajiks of Tagab was suppressed and Dost Mohammad was able to consolidate his position on that traditionally rebellious area. In July 1848, he intended to send a force to conquer Balkh but the Second Anglo-Sikh War prevented this and occupied Dost Mohammad for another year. The Sikhs proposed to cede Peshawar to
832-535: The relations between the two Governments from undisguised hostility to close friendship and accord. In the 1830s, the British decided to replace Dost Mohammad Khan by Shah Shuja on the Kabul throne. A tripartite Treaty of 1838 was drafted between the British, Shah Shuja and Ranjit Singh. The Lahore ruler signed the treaty on 26 June 1838, but the Governor-General, Lord Auckland, before signing it sent
864-572: The richest of the Afghan provinces. At the time of his enthronement, his government revenue was about 500,000 rupees, and by the 1830s it had increased to 2.5 million rupees. From the commencement of his reign he found himself involved in disputes with Ranjit Singh , the Sikh ruler of the Punjab region , who used the dethroned Sadozai prince, Shah Shujah Durrani , as his instrument. In 1834, Shah Shujah made an attempt to recover his kingdom. Dost Mohammad Khan mobilized for this, beginning initially with
896-428: The wedding. Dost Muhammad Khan sent a 25,000 strong force, including a large number of local irregulars and equipped with 18 heavy guns, to invest Jamrud. The Sikh garrison there had only 600 men and a few light artillery pieces. The Afghans besieged the fort and cut off its water supply, while a detachment was sent to the neighbouring Sikh fort of Shabqadar to prevent any help from that direction. Mahan Singh Mirpuri ,
928-564: Was a British soldier who was Agent to the Governor-General for the Affairs of the Punjab and North-West Frontier, 1823–1840. He managed relations between the British and important rulers in India such as Maharaja Ranjit Singh and Shah Shuja , King of Afghanistan . He was one of the first to force the Khyber Pass . Claude Martin Wade was born in 1794 to Joseph Wade and his wife in Bengal . He
960-666: Was born to an influential Pashtun family on 23 December 1792 in Kandahar , Durrani Empire . His father, Payinda Khan, was chief of the Barakzai Tribe and a civil servant in the Durrani dynasty . Their family can be traced back to Abdal (the first and founder of the Abdali tribe), through Hajji Jamal Khan, Yousef, Yaru, Mohammad, Omar Khan, Khisar Khan, Ismail, Nek, Daru, Saifal, and Barak. Abdal had four sons, Popal , Barak , and Alako . Dost Mohammad Khan's mother belonged to
992-571: Was captured by the Muhammadzais. On 22 July, Sabzawar was captured. By 28 July, Herat was besieged. After a 10-month siege on 27 May 1863, he captured Herat, but on 9 June, he died suddenly in the midst of victory, after playing a great role in the history of South and Central Asia for forty years. He named his son, Sher Ali Khan , as his successor. He was buried in Herat at the Gazurgah . By
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1024-683: Was named after his godfather, Major General Claude Martin . The said General died in 1800 leaving his immense fortune, in the manner of a childless man, to charity. Wade had two children. A son named, Claude Fitzroy Wade, a barrister, and a daughter, Ellen Maud Welman. Wade was appointed a cadet in the Bengal army in 1809 and became an Ensign posted to the Bengal Native Infantry in 1812 He served in Bundelkund in 1812, and in operations in Sindia and Holkar in 1815. He fought in
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