Middle Turkic refers to a phase in the development of the Turkic language family , covering much of the Middle Ages (c. 900–1500 CE). In particular the term is used by linguists to refer to a group of Karluk and Oghuz and related languages spoken during this period in Central Asia , Iran , and other parts of the Middle East controlled by the Seljuk Turks .
4-674: The Tuhsis were a medieval Turkic-speaking tribe, who lived alongside the Chigil , Yagma , and other tribes, in Zhetysu and today southern Kazakhstan . Tuhsi were also considered remnants of the Türgesh people. Turkologist Yury Zuev noted a nation (國) named 觸水昆 (Mand. Chùshuǐkūn < * t͡ɕʰɨok̚-ɕˠiuɪ-kuən ) in Jiu Tangshu , so he reconstructed 觸水昆 as * Tuhsi-kun ; however, Nurlan Kenzheakhmet noted that Tongdian 's authors transcribed
8-931: The Tuhsi Turkic dialect, among others, for being "pure" and "most correct", both in terms of accent and vocabulary. Middle Turkic Middle Turkic can be divided into eastern and western branches. Eastern Middle Turkic consists of Karakhanid (also called Khaqani Turkic), a literary language which was spoken in Kashgar , Balasaghun and other cities along the Silk Road and its later descendants such as Khorezmian Turkic and Chagatai . The western branch consists of Kipchak languages documented in Codex Cumanicus and various Mamlukean Kipchak texts from Egypt and Syria , and Oghuz Turkic represented by Old Anatolian Turkish . Old Anatolian Turkish
12-714: The name Tuhsi to that of a medieval Eastern Iranian-speaking Alano -As tribe Duχs-Aṣ , located in the North Caucasus by ibn Rustah , and proposes that Tuhsis had been of Iranian-speaking As origins. By the 11-century, Tuhsis led a nomadic lifestyle amongst the Turkic peoples and on the steppe, possessed a Turkic culture, and their language belonged to the Turkic language family. According to Karakhanid lexicographer Mahmud of Kashgar , contemporary Tuhsis were Turkic-speaking monoglots ; after carefully analyzing linguistic materials collected from Tuhsi dialect, he praised
16-418: The same ethnonym as 觸木昆 (Mand. Chùmùkūn < * t͡ɕʰɨok̚-muk̚-kuən ), the name of a Duolu Turk tribe, also transcribed as 處木昆 ( Chǔmùkūn < t͡ɕʰɨʌ-muk̚-kuən ). Even so, it's unclear whether the ethnonym Tuhsi is of Turkic origin. Tuhsi may be connected to Cuman clan Toqsoba, if Toqsoba did not derive from Common Turkic toquz "nine" and oba "clan". Hungarian orientalist Karoly Czeglédy compares
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