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47-842: It runs through the city of Tula de Allende and begins as a drainage channel for the Valley of Mexico , which contains the metropolitan Mexico City region. The Moctezuma River is a tributary of the Pánuco River . The river is significantly contaminated with both organic and inorganic substances. Tilapia caught from the Tula river contain levels of lead that greatly exceed the established safety limits for consumption. Unusually high levels of cadmium , arsenic and lead were found in samples of Tula zooplankton . 20°35′02″N 99°19′43″W  /  20.58389°N 99.32861°W  / 20.58389; -99.32861 This article about

94-514: A jelly-like paste for sores, boils, wounds, burns, scabs, and smallpox pustules. Cattail pollen is used as a banker source of food for predatory insects and mites (such as Amblyseius swirskii ) in greenhouses. The cattail, or, as it is commonly referred to in the American Midwest, the sausage tail, has been the subject of multiple artist renditions, gaining popularity in the mid-twentieth century. The term, sausage tail, derives from

141-554: A location in the Mexican state of Hidalgo is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Mexico is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tula de Allende Tula de Allende ( Otomi : Mämeni ) is a town and one of the 84 municipalities of Hidalgo in central-eastern Mexico . The municipality covers an area of 305.8 km (118.07 sq mi), and as of 2010,

188-583: A main bus terminal with local and intercity bus service. Trains that regularly pass through include the Mexico City – Ciudad Juárez line and the Mexico City-Tula- Querétaro line. It still has telegraph service, one of the oldest still in service after 100 years. Postal service in the town is also one of Mexico's oldest, beginning in 1856. There are two radio stations, FM XHLLV and “Super Stereo 90.9”. The census of 2010 reported

235-523: A municipal president, fourteen administrators, 54 delegates and fourteen commissions. The name is derived from the Nahuatl phrase Tollan-Xicocotitlan, which means near where cattails grow. Tula is the Hispanicized pronunciation of Tollan. In Otomi the area is called Namehi, which means “place of many people.” It was given the appendage of “de Allende” in honor of Ignacio Allende who fought in

282-445: A population of 103,919 people: 53,429 females and 50,490 males. The municipality has a total population of 103,919, living in 26,937 households, with 581 speaking an indigenous language. The Tula de Allende municipality is very big, and includes many cities, towns, and small communities. The biggest city is Tula de Allende , and the second largest city is Cruz Azul City (near to San Miguel Vindho and Santa María Ilucan). Tula-Tepeji,

329-402: A refinery and a thermoelectric plant. The city is centered around the parish and former monastery of San Jose, with the oldest part built between 1546 and 1556. The main facade has three arches, pilasters with reliefs, a curved pediment and a chapel annex that takes from the 17th century. The cloister of the monastery has two levels with arches and fresco murals. Inside the main church, there

376-414: A simple, jointless stem that bears the flowering spikes. The plants are monoecious , with unisexual flowers that develop in dense racemes . The numerous male flowers form a narrow spike at the top of the vertical stem. Each male (staminate) flower is reduced to a pair of stamens and hairs, and withers once the pollen is shed. Large numbers of tiny female flowers form a dense, sausage -shaped spike on

423-529: A sombrero. Women's traditional dress is a dress made of the some cloth often with a crinoline skirt underneath, decorated with ribbons and embroidery although beads and sequins are also used. A wool rebozo is common in the winter. For charreada events, men can be seen in charro outfits and women in China Poblana dress. Traditional dishes of the area include barbacoa , carnitas , pulque , nopal cactus with eggs, beans with epazote and mixote but

470-508: A source of starch to produce ethanol . Because of their high productivity in northern latitudes, Typha are considered to be a bioenergy crop . The seed hairs were used by some indigenous peoples of the Americas as tinder for starting fires. Some tribes also used Typha down to line moccasins , and for bedding, diapers, baby powder, and cradleboards . One Native American word for Typha meant "fruit for papoose's bed". Typha down

517-500: A very low level of socioeconomic marginalization but median household income varies between US$ 10,641 and $ 5,037 a year. The city is a regional economic center. The nucleus of its economic sphere includes the municipalities of Tula de Allende, Atitalaquuia, Atotonilco de Tula, Chapantongo and Nopala de Villagrán . Other municipalities which are affected include Tepetitlán, Tepeji del Río, Tlahualilpan, Tlaxcoapan, Tezontepec de Aldama , Soyaniquilpan de Juárez and Jilotepec . Of

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564-718: Is Typha latifolia , which is distributed across the entire temperate northern hemisphere. It has also been introduced to Australia. T. angustifolia is nearly as widespread, but does not extend as far north; it may be introduced and invasive in North America . T. domingensis has a more southern American distribution, and it occurs in Australia. T. orientalis is widespread in Asia, Australia, and New Zealand. T. laxmannii , T. minima , and T. shuttleworthii are largely restricted to Asia and southern Europe . Many parts of

611-885: Is a genus of about 30 species of monocotyledonous flowering plants in the family Typhaceae . These plants have a variety of common names, in British English as bulrush or (mainly historically) reedmace , in American English as cattail , or punks , in Australia as cumbungi or bulrush , in Canada as bulrush or cattail , and in New Zealand as reed , cattail , bulrush or raupo . Other taxa of plants may be known as bulrush , including some sedges in Scirpus and related genera. The genus

658-489: Is a modern mural called “Jesus” located at the main altar. It was named a cathedral in 1961. Near here is a main plaza and an open-air theatre, framed by a mural called “Tula Eterna” created by Juan Pablo Patiño Cornejo. Another mural called “Tianguis Mamehni” is found at the chamber of commerce. There is also the Plaza de las Artesanias dedicated to local handcrafts including replicas of the atlas figures. The government of

705-657: Is largely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere , where it is found in a variety of wetland habitats. The rhizomes are edible, though at least some species are known to accumulate toxins and so must first undergo treatment before being eaten. Evidence of preserved starch grains on grinding stones suggests they were already eaten in Europe 30,000 years ago. Typha are aquatic or semi-aquatic, rhizomatous, herbaceous perennial plants . The leaves are glabrous (hairless), linear, alternate and mostly basal on

752-795: Is mostly limited to sporting catching carp and catfish. There are firms dedicated to manufacturing, mineral extraction and construction as well as "maquiladoras". The most important of these are the Francisco Pérez Ríos Thermoelectric plant and the PEMEX refinery as well as the Cruz Azul and Tolteca cement locations. The refinery was established in 1976, and makes gasoline, diesel and solvents. It has 35 plants in eleven sections, covering an area of 707 hectares (1,750 acres). It processes just under 25% of Mexico's crude employing about 3,500 workers. The main handcraft in

799-651: Is related to tourism. This is mostly focused on visitors to the Tula archeological site. There is also the Requena dam (boating, fishing and picnicking) and the Parque Acuático la Cantera, a water park with a pool and thermal springs. The municipality has two four star hotels and two three star hotels. The municipality's infrastructure includes 37 km (23 mi) of federal highway, 72 km (45 mi) of state highway, 9 km (5.6 mi) of rural highway and 40 km (25 mi) of rail line. It has

846-406: Is still used in some areas to stuff clothing items and pillows. Typha can be dipped in wax or fat and then lit as a candle, the stem serving as a wick. Without the use of wax or fat it will smolder slowly, somewhat like incense , and may repel insects. The flower stalks can be made into chopsticks . The leaves can be treated to weave into baskets, mats, or sandals. The rushes are harvested and

893-474: Is strong with a heavy texture and it is hard to bleach, so it is not suitable for industrial production of graphical paper. In 1853, considerable amounts of cattail paper were produced in New York , due to a shortage of raw materials. In 1948, French scientists tested methods for annual harvesting of the leaves. Because of the high cost, these methods were abandoned and no further research was done. Today Typha

940-461: Is used to make decorative paper. Fibers up to 4 meters long can be obtained from the stems when they are treated mechanically or chemically with sodium hydroxide . The stem fibers resemble jute and can be used to produce raw textiles. The leaf fibers can be used as an alternative to cotton and linen in clothing. The yield of leaf fiber is 30 to 40 percent and Typha glauca can produce 7 to 10 tons per hectare annually. Typha can be used as

987-563: The Atlantean figures , columns in the shape of warriors and the “Serpent Wall,” a wall with reliefs that serve as a predecessor to similar constructions in later cultures. The archeological site was made a national park in 1981 by the Mexican government. The park covers an area of 1 km . 20°03′N 99°21′W  /  20.050°N 99.350°W  / 20.050; -99.350 Cattail Typha / ˈ t aɪ f ə /

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1034-582: The Mexican War of Independence . The area was the capital of one of the major civilizations of Mesoamerica , that of the Toltecs . The Toltecs rose to power after 713 CE as the successor to Teotihuacan . The current city is centered just south of the ceremonial center of the ancient city, which is famous for its Atlantean figures. The Toltec Empire reached as far south as the Valley of Mexico and its influence has been found in artifacts as far away as

1081-540: The Quetzalcoatl pyramid. Toltec finds are not uncommon underneath the modern city. In 2009, Toltec burials from 900-1100CE were found under Tula-Iturbe Boulevard along with several kilns for firing pottery. The modern city is a regional economic center and has been listed as one of the fastest growing in Mexico by the National Commission of Population. Most of the reason for this is the existence of

1128-491: The Typha plant are edible to humans. Before the plant flowers, the tender inside of the shoots can be squeezed out and eaten raw or cooked. The starchy rhizomes are nutritious with a protein content comparable to that of maize or rice. They can be processed into a flour with 266 kcal per 100 grams, and are most often harvested from late autumn to early spring. They are fibrous, and the starch must be scraped or sucked from

1175-578: The Universidad Politecnica de la Energia and the Universidad Tecnológica de Tula-Tepeji , with a total of about thirty thousand students. This is sufficient for the lower levels but not for higher education. The ceremonial center of ancient Tula is located about five minutes from the center of the modern city. Tula became the most important city in the region after the fall of Teotihuacan , although it never reached

1222-962: The Great Lakes to the Everglades . Native sedges are displaced and wet meadows shrink, likely as a response to altered hydrology of the wetlands and increased nutrient levels. An introduced or hybrid species may be contributing to the problem. Control is difficult. The most successful strategy appears to be mowing or burning to remove the aerenchymous stalks, followed by prolonged flooding. It may be more important to prevent invasion by preserving water level fluctuations, including periods of drought, and to maintain infertile conditions. Typha are frequently eaten by wetland mammals such as muskrats , which also use them to construct feeding platforms and dens, thereby also providing nesting and resting places for waterfowl. The following species and hybrids are currently accepted: The most widespread species

1269-1072: The State of Mexico but with clean waters from a fresh water spring. It has carved some small canyons in the area. Pollution problems generally come from the PEMEX refinery and the discharge of wastewater from the Valley of Mexico into the Tula River. The natural vegetation is mostly semi desert, with cactus and maguey plants the most defining followed by mesquite and the pirul tree ( Schinus molle ) along with seasonal grass. Native fauna includes rabbits, squirrels, chameleons , roadrunners , coyotes, various kinds of birds and snakes, skunks and opossums . The municipality's climate varies from temperate to cold with an average annual temperature of 17.6 °C (63.7 °F). It has an average annual rainfall of 699 mm (27.5 in), with most rain falling from May to September. The city and municipality have

1316-677: The State of Mexico. These include Magueni and La Malinche. In the north there is a small mountain of volcanic origin called Xicuco. Surface water is mostly found in the Tula River , the Rosas River and the Arroyo Grande, whose waters are stored in the Endho Dam. The Tula River begins with the discharge from the Valley of Mexico which pass north through the State of Mexico before reaching the area. The Rosas River also begins in

1363-502: The area is known for dishes made with escamoles (ant eggs) as well as mezcal worms which are both seasonal. Street food such as gorditas is popular in the local markets. The most important museum in the municipality is the site museum for the Tula archeological site called the Jorge R. Acosta Museum, which is run by INAH. The municipality has 73 preschools, 66 primary schools, 30 middle schools, thirteen high schools and at higher level

1410-615: The bays of the Great Lakes , for example, they are among the most abundant wetland plants. Different species of cattails are adapted to different water depths. Well-developed aerenchyma make the plants tolerant of submersion. Even the dead stalks are capable of transmitting oxygen to the rooting zone. Although Typha are native wetland plants, they can be aggressive in their competition with other native species. They have been problematic in many regions in North America, from

1457-524: The city is the making of replicas of Toltec stone pieces. The altas figures are also recreated in way, marble, plastic and clay. Textiles are also made especially quezquémetl , rebozos , sarapes , hats and baskets. Commerce is mainly for local needs such as groceries and clothing. There are two main traditional markets in the city of Tula, the municipal market and the Tianguis . The latter generally concentrates on electronics. The major service sector

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1504-504: The city of Tula de Allende is also the government for a total of 76 communities. The city is the largest community, with a population of about 27,000. Other important communities include El Llano (11,000 people), San Miguel Vindho (10,500), San Marcos (10,400), Bomintzha (3,000), Santa Ana Ahuehuepan (2,600), Santa Maria Macua (1,750), Ignacio Zaragoza, (1,750), Nantzha (1740), Xochitlan de las Flores (1,300), Colonia San Francisco Bojay (1,250) and Monte Alegre (1,200). The government consists of

1551-700: The cob . In mid-summer when the male flowers are mature, the pollen can be collected and used as a flour supplement or thickener. The seeds have a high linoleic acid content and can be used to feed cattle and chickens. They can also be found in African countries like Ghana. Harvesting cattail removes nutrients from the wetland that would otherwise return via the decomposition of decaying plant matter. Floating mats of cattails remove nutrients from eutrophied bodies of freshwater . For local native tribes around Lake Titicaca in Peru and Bolivia , Typha were among

1598-745: The current U.S. Southwest. It is believed that aguamiel was first extracted around 1100CE, which led to the making of pulque . The last Toltec ruler was Topilzin Ce-Acatl Quetzalcoatl who came to power in 1085. According to the Codex Mendoza , the site was conquered under the reign of Tizoc and subsequently incorporated into the Aztec Empire After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire , Pedro Miahuazochil

1645-571: The economically active population (minus students and retirees), just under ten percent work in agriculture and livestock; just over 33 percent work in manufacturing and mining and about 55 percent work in commerce, services and tourism. 97% of the land is held in common, generally in ejidos , for agricultural purposes. The main crops are corn, beans, oats, wheat, vegetables such as squash, tomatillos and chili peppers, alfalfa, nopal cactus, cactus fruit, peaches and avocados. Livestock includes sheep, goats, cattle and pigs along with domestic fowl. Fishing

1692-531: The first wetland plants to colonize areas of newly exposed wet mud, with their abundant wind-dispersed seeds. Buried seeds can survive in the soil for long periods of time. They germinate best with sunlight and fluctuating temperatures, which is typical of many wetland plants that regenerate on mud flats. The plants also spread by rhizomes , forming large, interconnected stands. Typha are considered to be dominant competitors in wetlands in many areas, and they often exclude other plants with their dense canopy. In

1739-410: The leaves often dried for later use in chair seats. Re-wetted, the leaves are twisted and wrapped around the chair rungs to form a densely woven seat that is then stuffed (usually with the left over rush). Small-scale experiments have indicated that Typha are able to remove arsenic from drinking water. The boiled rootstocks have been used as a diuretic for increasing urination, or mashed to make

1786-651: The most important plants and every part of the plant had multiple uses. For example, they were used to construct rafts and other boats. During World War II, the United States Navy used the down of Typha as a substitute for kapok in life vests and aviation jackets. Tests showed that even after 100 hours of submersion, the buoyancy was still effective. Typha are used as thermal insulation in buildings as an organic alternative to conventional insulating materials such as glass wool or stone wool . Typha stems and leaves can be used to make paper . It

1833-465: The municipalities of Tepetitlán , Tlahuelilpan , Tepeji del Río , Atotonilco de Tula , Atitalaquía and Tlaxcoapan , with the State of Mexico to the west. The city of Tula has an altitude of 2,020 meters above sea level Most of the municipality is semi flat with only one significant elevation completely in the municipality known as Magoni. Elevations in the west form the border between it and

1880-525: The municipality had a total population of 103,919. The municipality includes numerous smaller outlying towns, the largest of which are El Llano , San Marcos , and San Miguel Vindho . It is a regional economic center and one of Mexico's fastest growing cities. However, it is best known as the home of the Tula archeological site , noted for its Atlantean figures . Its built-up area (or metro) made up of Atotonilco de Tula , Atitalaquia , Tlaxcoapan municipalities

1927-751: The same size due to competing cities in the area. Usually identified as the Toltec capital around 980 CE, the city was destroyed at some time between 1168 and 1179. The site is at and around the junction of two rivers, the Río Rosas and the Río Tula . The two largest clusters of grand ceremonial architecture are nicknamed "Tula Grande" (the most visited by tourists ) and "Tula Chico". Remains of other buildings extend for some distance in all directions. Tula Grande contains pyramids, Mesoamerican ball courts and other buildings but its most distinctive characteristics are

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1974-444: The stem below the male spike. In larger species this can be up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long and 1 to 4 centimetres (0.4 to 2 in) thick. The seeds are minute, 0.2 millimetres (0.008 in) long, and attached to fine hairs. When ripe, the heads disintegrate into a cottony fluff from which the seeds disperse by wind . Fruits of Typha have been found as long ago as 69 mya in modern Central Europe. Typha are often among

2021-527: The tender white heart inside can be eaten raw or boiled and eaten like asparagus . This food has been popular among the Cossacks in Russia, and has been called "Cossack asparagus". The leaf bases can be eaten raw or cooked, especially in late spring when they are young and tender. In early summer the sheath can be removed from the developing green flower spike, which can then be boiled and eaten like corn on

2068-734: The third Metropolitan Area in Hidalgo state, is the most important population center in the Mezquital valley. Eighty seven percent of the population is Catholic, with most of the rest practicing some form of Catholicism. The main feast day is dedicated to Saint Joseph on March 19. There is also a large annual pilgrimage from here to the Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City with many traveling by foot. Traditional garb for men consists of pants and shirt made of undyed cotton cloth along with

2115-509: The tough fibers. Baby shoots emerging from the rhizomes, which are sometimes subterranean, can be picked and eaten raw. Also underground is a carbohydrate lump which can be peeled and eaten raw or cooked like a potato . The plant is one championed by survival experts because various parts can be eaten throughout the year. Plants growing in polluted water can accumulate lead and pesticide residues in their rhizomes, and these should not be eaten. The rind of young stems can be peeled off, and

2162-461: Was home to 188,659 inhabitants at the 2010 census. The city of Tula de Allende was built on what was the southern extension of the ancient city of Tula , centered on a former monastery built by the Spanish in the 16th century. The modern city is still connected to the ancient ruins, which are an important tourist attraction as well as a symbol of the city, especially the warrior figures located on

2209-577: Was named in 1531 as the lord of Tula helping to evangelize the area. Tula became a municipality in 1871. The Tula area was the scene of various battles during the Mexican Revolution, particularly between those loyal to Venustiano Carranza and those to Emiliano Zapata . The municipality is located in the south of the Mezquital Valley in the southwest of the state of Hidalgo. With an extension of 305.8 km2 it borders

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