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58-640: The Bombardier Turbostar (sold as the ADtranz Turbostar until 2001) is a family of diesel multiple unit (DMU) passenger trains that was built by ADtranz and later Bombardier Transportation at Derby Litchurch Lane Works in the United Kingdom between 1997 and 2011. The Turbostar was the first new train type to be introduced after the privatisation of British Rail . The first units were ordered by Chiltern Railways in 1996 and were designated Class 168 (also known as Clubman ). Since then

116-790: A Stadler FLIRT fleet, with 20 trains DEMU version. Germany has employed DMUs for both commuter and express services for many decades. The SVT 877 Fliegender Hamburger DMU, introduced in 1933, made the run from Berlin to Hamburg in an astonishing 138 minutes, and its derivative SVT 137 broke the land speed record in 1936. After World War 2, the VT 11.5 DMU was the flagship of the glamorous Trans Europ Express . Since 1968, DB has designated DMUs with class numbers beginning in 6. While DB and regional transport authorities generally prefer electric power for commuter rail, many local and rural lines remain un-electrified, and DMUs are invaluable in providing services to those areas. DMUs in service as of 2021 include

174-606: A British gangway systems manufacturer called Woodville, and created a new business unit of Dellner Invest called Dellner Woodville. Until 2019, Dellner Couplers and Dellner Dampers were both part of the holding company Dellner Invest, which also included the companies Dellner Brakes, Dellner Woodville and Pintsch Bubenzer (50 percent). In June 2019, the Swedish private equity firm EQT acquired Dellner Couplers AB, together with its global subsidiaries including Dellner Dampers AB from Dellner Invest. These two companies now operate under

232-628: A WDM-2 or WDM-3A locomotive in the middle. These old trains had the loco controls duplicated in the Driving Trailer coach and all the actuation information reaching the locomotive through thin communication lines. This was called 'push-pull train'. The longest running such push-pull service operated between Diva – Bhiwandi Road and Vasai Road and was recently converted into an MEMU train service in 2018. India's first and largest DMU shed at Jalandhar , Punjab, holds more than 90 units placed in service all over Punjab. First generation DMU: Rated power

290-508: A branch in Gdynia at which an increasing amount of production capacity was created in subsequent years. In 2003, the holding company Dellner Invest acquired a Swedish company called Precima, a specialist in dampers and buffers for trains and other industrial applications. The Precima business was integrated into a newly founded subsidiary called Dellner Dampers, which formed a new business unit of Dellner Invest. In 2009, Dellner Invest acquired

348-612: A locomotive hauled service. Today, DMUs are widely used throughout Australia's southern states: In Queensland, heritage DMUs are used on the Savannahlander and Gulflander tourist trains. Chinese manufactured (CNR Tangshan) DEMU was introduced in Bangladesh from 25 May 2013. DEMU is the country's first-ever commuter train service starting its journey on the Chittagong–Fouzdarhat line. These DEMUs also operate on

406-405: A long tradition of researching and developing technologies related to couplers and, later, complete train connection systems. From the beginning, the company began adapting types of train couplers to the requirements of different passenger trains. Today, Dellner manufactures all commercially available couplers for passenger trains – from semi-permanent couplers to fully automatic couplers based on

464-401: A single piece roof, again made from extruded sections. The car ends (cabs) are made from glass-reinforced plastic and steel, and are huck-bolted onto the main car bodies. Underframe components are collected in ‘rafts’, which are bolted into slots on the underframe extrusion. The mostly aluminium alloy body gives light weight to help acceleration and energy efficiency . Much of the design of

522-441: Is a multiple-unit train powered by on-board diesel engines . A DMU requires no separate locomotive , as the engines are incorporated into one or more of the carriages. Diesel-powered single-unit railcars are also generally classed as DMUs. Diesel-powered units may be further classified by their transmission type: diesel–mechanical DMMU , diesel–hydraulic DHMU , or diesel–electric DEMU . The diesel engine may be located above

580-467: Is also quieter and does not have the distinctive note of that of the Class 168/170/171. Turbostars have been acquired for use by several train operating companies , each with different specifications. One of the more noticeable differences with later units compared to earlier ones are the larger headlights now specified for safety reasons. Units are numbered 168 xxx, 170 xxx, 171 xxx, or 172 xxx, where xxx

638-682: Is common. A possible side effect of this is that Turbostars' performance is in line with the second generation 15x units, in fact being somewhat slower than a Class 150 or Class 156 on "short hop" workings, and slower than a Class 158 on longer distance workings unless there is enough 100 mph running to take advantage of the 10 mph higher top speed of the Class 170. The Class 171 units are fitted with Dellner couplers rather than BSI ( Bergische Stahl Industrie ) couplers, which means that they can mechanically couple with Southern's Class 377 Electrostar EMUs for rescue purposes. Diesel multiple unit A diesel multiple unit or DMU

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696-488: Is provided by DMU tilting trains " RegioSwinger " (Croatian series 7123) since 2004. Those trains may also cover other lines in the country depending on need and availability. Luxury DMU series 7021 , built in France , started to operate for Yugoslav Railways in 1972 and after 1991 still remained in service of Croatian Railways until 2005. Units 7121 and 7122 (which came as a replacement for 7221 units), together with

754-709: Is represented in India by a total of 170 employees at two locations: a service center for couplers and gangways is located in Noida in the state of Uttar Pradesh, and Dellner has a production facility for gangways and couplers in Mevalurkuppam near the southern Indian port city of Chennai. A further production facility is located in Swadlincote in South Derbyshire, England, where around 165 employees work on

812-578: Is the Chinese state-owned CRRC Group, for whom Dellner provides new couplers on the Chinese domestic market and the CRRC overseas markets as well as operators and maintainers in several cities, for whom Dellner delivers services for train connection systems. Dellner Dampers AB specialises in customised dampers and is based in the small town of Flen in Södermanland County, Sweden. Dellner has

870-748: Is the serial number of the unit. Individual carriages are numbered 50xxx and 79xxx for driving motor cars, and 54xxx, 55xxx and 56xxx for centre cars. One factor which contributes to the popularity of the Turbostars is that Class 170 units are fully capable of working in multiple with older types from the Class 15x Sprinter series of units as well as other units of the same class, unlike all other types built since privatisation, giving them greater flexibility. However, there are issues with so-called "sandwich" formations, formed either as 170-15x-170 or 15x-170-15x, which causes problems with empty stock movements where up to four units of various types coupled together

928-725: The Bombardier Voyager , each car is entirely self-contained and has its own engine, generator and electric motors. In other designs, such as the British Rail Class 207 or the Stadler GTW and Stadler FLIRT DMU , some cars within the consist may be entirely unpowered or only feature electric motors, obtaining electric current from other cars in the consist which have a generator and engine. With diesel–electric transmission, some DMU can be no other than an EMU without pantograph or contact shoes (for use on

986-603: The Chittagong Circular Railway and on the Bangladesh Railway 's service between Dhaka and Narayanganj . Mexican manufacturer Ferrovias Del Bajio supplied in 2019, three DSUs (Diesel Single Unit) to Royal Railway in Cambodia for their airport shuttle service from Phnom Penh international airport to the city central station. The other two units were assigned to long-distance services from

1044-617: The Scharfenberg coupler principle, Tomlinson couplers and SA3 couplers. Dellner has also developed its own type of coupler head, the automatic coupler type 12. Dellner has also made a name for itself with the modular design of train couplers, and the development of a crash energy management system for passenger trains. Dellner has been a member of the Shift2Rail initiative and the European Union's DAC Delivery Program for

1102-518: The national railways ) had been built since the 1920s, the first two streamlined DMUs came in service in 1937, class Kiha 43000 (キハ43000系). The service of several hundreds (in sum even thousands) of diesel railcars and DMUs started in 1950s following the improvement of fuel supply that was critical during World War II . In 2021, Kenya acquired DMUs from France to operate in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area. These trains connect

1160-831: The Adtranz Class 612 tilting train ("Regio Swinger"), the Alstom Coradia LINT (Classes 620–623, 640 and 648), the Siemens Desiro (Class 642) and the Bombardier Talent (Class 643/644). From 2001 to 2016 there was even a DMU version of DB's high-speed Intercity Express , the Class 605 ICE TD . In the Republic of Ireland the Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ), which controlled the republic's railways between 1945 and 1986, introduced DMUs in

1218-514: The Class 168/170/171 is derived from the Networker Turbo Class 165 and Class 166 trains built by British Rail Engineering Limited 's Holgate Road carriage works . Notable features shared are the aluminium alloy frame and two-stage Voith T211r hydrodynamic transmission system. The diesel engine has changed to an MTU 6R 183TD13H. A cardan shaft links the output of the gearbox to ZF final drives (instead of Gmeinder in

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1276-549: The Dellner Couplers brand. Since then, the remaining companies of the parent holding company Dellner Invest (as well as some newly created companies) have been operating under the umbrella of the newly founded Dellner Group. Dellner Couplers and Dellner Group are two entirely separate companies. Whereas Dellner Couplers is focused on providing train connection systems, Dellner Group is focused on delivering breaks, hydraulics, polymers and glass for various industries and

1334-471: The FRA. This has greatly restricted the development of DMUs within the U.S. as no other country requires the much heavier FRA compliant vehicles, and no export market for them exists. Operations using FRA-compliant vehicles: Operations using non FRA-compliant vehicles: Proposed operations: DMUs were first introduced to Australia in the late mid-20th century for use on quiet branch lines that could not justify

1392-542: The Networkers) on the inner bogie of each vehicle. The engine and transmission are situated under the body; one bogie per car is powered, the other bogie unpowered. The Class 172 differs mechanically to its older relations in several ways. The engine used is the more powerful and cleaner MTU 6H1800R83, the transmission is the mechanical 6-speed ZF Ecomat-Rail, and lighter Bombardier FLEXX-ECO bogies and hollow axles are used as well as half-height airdams. The exhaust system

1450-758: The PNR in the island of Luzon . Even without active inter-city rail services in the present-day, DMUs are still used on the PNR Metro Commuter Line in Metro Manila and the Bicol Commuter service in the Bicol Region . Three generations of DMUs are in use: second-hand DMUs handed over by JR East such as the KiHa 35 , 52 and 59 series originally built in the 1960s and acquired in

1508-707: The Slovenská strela motor express train led on the Bratislava-Prague route by a motor car of the same name, or the Tatran express from Bratislava to Košice. Representatives of high-speed motor wagons were, for example, motor wagons of the M262 or M286 series, which, however, lost their application in high-speed wagons due to the gradual electrification of main lines and were, like the current wagons currently used for passenger trains. The first significant use of DMUs in

1566-666: The U.S. was the Budd Rail Diesel Car (RDC). The RDC was a single passenger car with two diesel engines and two sets of controls. In the United States, DMU systems must be FRA-compliant to be permitted on freight rail corridors. The Federal Railway Administration has mandated higher coupling strength requirements than European regulators, effectively prohibiting the use of lighter weight European-style inter-city rail DMUs on U.S. main line railways without timesharing with freight operations or special waivers from

1624-530: The US, but new services are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. As a result, several types of lightweight DMUs have been used: Costa Rica has purchased several Apolo 2400 series DMU railcars from the former narrow gauge operator in Spain, which are run in commuter service. 42 X'Trapolis Tsíimin K'áak train sets have been ordered for Tren Maya , 10 of which are DMU and 32 are EDMU. A type of diesel multiple units in

1682-729: The United Kingdom and the USA. The main subsidiaries of Dellner Couplers are: Since its foundation in 1997, Dellner Poland has developed as the largest production facility for automatic couplers within the Dellner companies. Dellner employs around 370 people locally at its plant in Miszewko near the port city of Gdynia. In addition to the production and final assembly of couplers, Poland also serves as Dellner's distribution center for various Eastern and Southern European countries. Dellner

1740-586: The United Kingdom was by the Great Western Railway , which introduced its small but successful series of diesel–mechanical GWR railcars in 1934. The London & North Eastern Railway and London, Midland & Scottish Railway also experimented with DMUs in the 1930s, the LMS both on its own system , and on that of its Northern Irish subsidiary , but development was curtailed by World War II . After nationalisation, British Railways (BR) revived

1798-523: The central station to Sihanoukville and to Poipet. Royal Railways Cambodia have now acquired eleven carriages DMU from Japan. Model: " Kiha 183 heavy snow ". (キハ183系オホーツク・大雪) Speed: 110 km/h (max) Type: 特急　(Limited Express) Started: 1986 ............ End of Service in Japan 17 March 2023 DMUs (DEMUs) are widely used in India. DEMUs in India are used in both the eight-coach format and the four-coach format. These trains replaced many (up to 10 car) trains with

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1856-666: The city with settlements outside Nairobi, Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and the Nairobi Terminus. The Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) has a total of 13 DMU KTM Class 61 ordered from CRRC for the West Coast Line and are assembled locally at CRRCs Batu Gajah factory from 2016 to 2020. The first scheduled service is expected from 1 September along the Gemas-Johor Bahru route, replacing old non-automotive stock. The Philippine National Railways (PNR)

1914-596: The company, based in the small town of Vika in central Sweden , expanded its business and supplied automatic couplers to numerous customers in Europe, such as the Paris Metro , SNCF , Rome Metro and Italian State Railways . In 1960, Dellner changed its corporate strategy and focused solely on the Scandinavian and North American markets. In the following years, the company expanded into automatic couplers under

1972-418: The concept in the early 1950s. At that time there was an urgent need to move away from expensive steam traction which led to many experimental designs using diesel propulsion and multiple units . The early DMUs proved successful, and under BR's 1955 Modernisation Plan the building of a large fleet was authorised. These BR "First Generation" DMUs were built between 1956 and 1963. BR required that contracts for

2030-531: The country depending on need and availability too. Also, the DMUs were manufactured for foreign carriers. The tables of cars and units are divided into vehicles operated until 1987, when the ČSD used the series designations proposed by Vojtěch Kryšpín , and vehicles created after this date, which no longer have Kryšpín's designations (with some exceptions). In addition, these new cars are the new vehicles are already different in both countries. Elron has since 2015

2088-408: The design and manufacture of new locomotives and rolling stock be split between numerous private firms as well as BR's own workshops, while different BR Regions laid down different specifications. The result was a multitude of different types, one of which was: In 1960, British Railways introduced its Blue Pullman high-speed DEMUs. These were few in number and relatively short-lived, but they paved

2146-824: The development and production of gangways for the international market. In addition, the site is also responsible for the overhaul of couplers and gangways for the UK market. Dellner has been active in the USA since the 1960s. Since 2012, the company has been operating under the name Dellner Inc. with two locations in Charlotte, North Carolina, and Roseville, California, with over 40 employees. Dellner USA offers sales and service activities for rail customers in North America. In China, Dellner has around 90 employees at its two locations in Shanghai and Wuhan. Dellner China's customer

2204-455: The development of a digital automatic coupler for freight trains since 2020. The European Union's DAC Delivery Program has set itself the objective of modernising and standardising the couplers used in freight train fleets across the EU to make the coupling of freight trains safer and faster. To this end, all 400,000–450,000 freight wagons in Europe are to be equipped with fully automatic couplers in

2262-430: The driver, as in the great majority of first-generation British Rail DMUs, but in most applications, gears are changed automatically. In a diesel–hydraulic multiple unit (DHMU), a hydraulic torque converter , a type of fluid coupling, acts as the transmission medium for the motive power of the diesel engine to turn the wheels. Some units feature a hybrid mix of hydraulic and mechanical transmissions, usually reverting to

2320-540: The early 2010s, the Rotem DMUs of 2009 built by Korean manufacturer Hyundai Rotem , and the 8000 and 8100 classes built by Indonesian firm PT INKA . Dellner coupling Dellner was founded in 1941 by the Swedish engineer Jan Dellner. The first customer was Swedish State Railways , for whom the Engineering Bureau Dellner produced automatic couplers. In the following years,

2378-500: The family has grown with the addition of the Class 170 , Class 171 , and the Class 172 . The Turbostar and Electrostar platforms are a modular design, which share the same basic design, bodyshell and core structure, and are optimised for speedy manufacture and easy maintenance. They consist of a common underframe , which is created by seam-welding a number of aluminium alloy extrusions , upon which bodyside panels are mounted followed by

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2436-548: The few remaining unelectrified lines. As electrification progresses, the DMUs become less and less important. Diesel multiple units cover large number of passenger lines in Croatia which are operated by the national passenger service operator HŽ Putnički Prijevoz . On Croatian Railways, DMUs have important role since they cover local, regional and distant lines all across the country. The country's two largest towns, Zagreb and Split , are connected with an inter-city service that

2494-444: The former British Rail Southern Region ), which "is substituted" by one or more on-board diesel generators ; this kind of DEMU can be potentially upgraded to electro-diesel multiple unit (EDMU), becoming a bi-mode multiple units train (BMU), just adding one or two pantographs or contact shoes (with opportune converters, if necessary) and related modifications on the electric system. NMBS/SNCB uses its NMBS/SNCB Class 41 DMUs on

2552-432: The frame in an engine bay or under the floor. Driving controls can be at both ends, on one end, or in a separate car. DMUs are usually classified by the method of transmitting motive power to their wheels. In a diesel–mechanical multiple unit (DMMU), the rotating energy of the engine is transmitted via a gearbox and driveshaft directly to the wheels of the train, like a car . The transmissions can be shifted manually by

2610-410: The latter at higher operating speeds as this decreases engine RPM and noise. In a diesel–electric multiple unit (DEMU), a diesel engine drives an electrical generator or an alternator which produces electrical energy . The generated current is then fed to electric traction motors on the wheels or bogies in the same way as a conventional diesel–electric locomotive . On some DEMUs, such as

2668-478: The mid '80s, British Rail embarked upon its so called "Sprinterisation" programme, to replace most of the first generation DMUs and many locomotive-hauled trains with three new families of DMU: Following the impact of the privatisation of British Rail in the late 1990s, several other DMU families have been introduced: In 2018, the first bi and tri-mode electro-diesel multiple units were introduced: Canada generally follows similar buffer strength requirements to

2726-591: The mid-1950s and they were the first diesel trains on many main lines. DMUs are used mostly on shorter or less frequently travelled routes in remote areas. The national railway company CFR still uses, along with other DMU models, Class 77 and 78 DMUs, locally built by Malaxa between the 1930s and 50s and refurbished in the 70s. The main DMU in use is the Class 96 Siemens Desiro aka Săgeata Albastră (The Blue Arrow). Private operators also largely use DMU units, mainly purchased from various French and German operators. In

2784-543: The name AB Dellner Malmco in Scandinavia. At the same time, a subsidiary was established in North America. At the beginning of the 1980s, the company had around 90 employees working at its Swedish headquarters in Vika and in subsidiaries in the USA and Canada. A turning point in Dellner's corporate history came in 1983, when the company realigned its business strategy to supply train manufacturers and railway operators around

2842-514: The newest series 7022 and 7023 built in 2010s Croatia, cover many of the country's local and regional services on unelectrified or partly electrified lines. Diesel multiple units also cover large number of passenger lines in the Czech Republic which are operated by the national operator České dráhy . They have important role since they cover local, regional and distant lines all across the country. Those trains may also cover other lines in

2900-562: The power cars were later reclassified as locomotives under Class 43 . HSTs started being replaced in 2017, but as of October 2022 some are still in use. By the early 1980s, many of the surviving First Generation units were reaching the end of their design life, leading to spiralling maintenance costs, poor reliability and a poor public image for the railway. A stopgap solution was to convert some services back to locomotive haulage, as spare locomotives and hauled coaching stock were available, but this also increased operating costs. Commencing in

2958-588: The present, several types of DMUs operate in Slovakia. Was the most common type in Slovakia is a Class 812 ZSSK based on the ČD Class 810 . These are used almost exclusively for hauling passenger trains on non-electrified regional lines and these trains often excel in low travel speeds. In the past, however, in Slovakia there were a number of express trains driven by motor coaches , which often overcame heavier trains driven by steam locomotives at cruising speed, and classic sets. A typical example can be, for example,

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3016-461: The railroad industry by considering the coupling of a train as a safety-relevant component of the entire train system. The former supplier of train couplings became a manufacturer of integrated coupling systems that have been equipped with numerous safety features over the years: Dellner's coupling business in Sweden has traded under various names over the years. In 1952, the Engineering Bureau Dellner

3074-723: The transportation sector. In early 2021, Dellner acquired the couplers business of CAF MiiRA, a subsidiary of the Spanish train and bus producer Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles . Dellner Couplers AB has been based in Vika, Sweden, since the company was founded in 1941. The international management team including CEO Peter Woxblom, CFO Thomas Leander and COO Stephan Weng as well as many global business units such as Sales, HR, Dellner Service, R&D, Finance, Quality or Procurement are located here. Dellner has production and service facilities in India, Poland, Sweden, France, Germany, Italy, China, Australia, Brazil, Argentina, Singapore,

3132-440: The way for the very successful InterCity 125 or High Speed Train (HST) units, which were built between 1975 and 1982 to take over most principal express services on non-electrified routes. These 125 mph (201 km/h) trains run with a streamlined power car at each end and (typically) seven to nine intermediate trailer cars. Although originally classified as DEMUs, the trailer cars are very similar to loco-hauled stock, and

3190-480: The world with automatic train couplers. That decision marked the beginning of Dellner's gradual expansion as a global supplier of train coupling systems. In recent years, the company has responded to the changing requirements of the rail industry. All over the world, increasing numbers of passenger trains have been developed which travel at ever higher speeds. That trend has made the safety of train couplings increasingly important. Dellner responded to that development in

3248-633: Was 700 HP and had three or six coaches, made first by ICF. Transmission was Voith-hydraulic. Max speed 100 km/h. Second generation DMU: Rated power is 1400 HP and have eight coaches. Max speed is 105 km/h. Transmission is DC electric. Made at ICF and RCF . Third generation DMU: Rated power is 1,600 HP and have ten coaches. Max speed is 110 km/h. Transmission is AC electric. Made at ICF . State-owned company PT.INKA builds several type of DMU, some of which operate in urban and suburban areas. In Japan, where gasoline-driven railbuses (on small private lines) and railmotors ( Kihani 5000 of

3306-575: Was one of the first adopters of diesel multiple unit trains in Asia. Initially built as gasoline-powered railmotors, the locally assembled Manila Railroad RMC class of 1929 was the first to be powered by diesel traction. Some units were also converted to streamliner units by 1932 for first-class services on the South Main Line between Manila and Legazpi, Albay . Since then, generations of DMUs were used chiefly for short-distance commuter services by

3364-535: Was renamed Runnvika Mechanical Workshop. Later, the coupling business traded under the legal names Jan Dellner & Co, AB Dellner Malmco and finally as Dellner Couplers AB. In 1992, Dellner Invest AB was founded as an umbrella company for Dellner Couplers. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the economic opening of Eastern Europe, Dellner expanded into the countries of the former Warsaw Pact. After 1997, Poland became an important location for Dellner, with

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