74-472: Turkana County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya . It is home to the Turkana people . It is Kenya's largest county by land area of 77,597.8 km followed by Marsabit County with an area of 66,923.1 km. It is bordered by the countries of Uganda to the west; South Sudan and Ethiopia , including the disputed Ilemi Triangle , to the north and northeast; and Lake Turkana to
148-564: A ceremonial President elected via universal suffrage and an executive Prime Minister elected by Parliament. The draft presented by Attorney General Amos Wako for the referendum retained sweeping powers for the Presidency. Though Kibaki supported the proposal, some members of his own cabinet, mainly from the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) wing led by Raila Odinga, allied with the main opposition party KANU to mobilize
222-606: A first class honours degree in economics. After graduation, Kibaki remained in Uganda, working for the Shell Company of East Africa . He then earned a scholarship entitling him to undertake postgraduate studies at any British university. He chose the London School of Economics , from which he obtained a BSc in public finance, with distinction. In 1958, he went back to Makerere, where he taught as an assistant lecturer in
296-419: A hastily convened dusk ceremony, Kibaki was sworn in at the grounds of State House, Nairobi for his second term, defiantly calling for the "verdict of the people" to be respected and for "healing and reconciliation" to begin. Tension arose and led to protests by a huge number of Kenyans who felt that Kibaki had refused to respect the verdict of the people and was now forcibly remaining in office. Immediately
370-520: A loyal stalwart of the ruling single party, KANU. In the months before multi-party politics were introduced in 1992, he infamously declared that agitating for multi-party democracy and trying to dislodge KANU from power was like "trying to cut down a fig tree with a razor blade". It was therefore with great surprise that the country received the news of Kibaki's resignation from government and leaving KANU on Christmas Day in December 1991, only days after
444-435: A major turnaround. GDP growth picked up from a low 0.6% (real −1.6%) in 2002 to 3% in 2003, 4.9% in 2004, 5.8% in 2005, 6% in 2006, and 7% in 2007, then after the post election chaos and Global Financial Crisis—2008 (1.7%)and 2009 (2.6%), recovered to 5% in 2010 and 5% in 2011. Development was resumed in all areas of the country, including the hitherto neglected and largely undeveloped semi-arid or arid north. Many sectors of
518-440: A number of nominated members as is necessary to ensure that neither male nor female members constitute more than two-thirds of the assembly. There will also be six nominated members to represent marginalised groups (persons with disabilities, and the youth) and a county assembly speaker who will be an ex officio member of the assembly. Mwai Kibaki Emilio Stanley Mwai Kibaki CGH (15 November 1931 – 21 April 2022)
592-735: A number of people classified as belonging to the Turkana people. These had been expelled from the Kenyan town of Isiolo, and forcibly relocated to the Turkana district by the colonial administration. The district maintained an all but complete isolation until 1976 when road-blocks leading to the district were lifted by the Kenyan government. In 2000, the people in the north of the county were reported as being harassed by marauding Ethiopians, and were consequently forced to relocate in southern areas. Religion in Turkana County Turkana
666-442: A powerful NO campaign that resulted in a majority of 58% of voters rejecting the draft. As a consequence of, and immediately after, the referendum loss, on 23 November 2005, Kibaki dismissed his entire cabinet in the middle of his administration's term, with the aim of purging all Raila-allied ministers from the cabinet. About his decision Kibaki said; "Following the results of the referendum, it has become necessary for me, as
740-606: A protracted count which saw presidential results in Kibaki's Central Kenya come in last, allegedly inflated, in a cloud of suspicion and rising tensions, amid vehement protests by Raila's ODM , overnight re-tallying of results and chaotic scenes, all beamed live on TV, at the national tallying center at the Kenyatta International Conference Center in Nairobi , riot police eventually sealed off
814-513: A result of those injuries. The rest of his presidential campaign was thus conducted by his NARC colleagues in his absence, led by Raila Odinga and Kijana Wamalwa (who went on to become the Vice President) who campaigned tirelessly for Kibaki after stating, "The captain has been injured in the field... but the rest of the team shall continue." On 27 December 2002, Kibaki and NARC won a landslide victory over KANU, with Kibaki getting 62% of
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#1732768493372888-525: A rival ceremony on Monday, but police banned the event. Koki Muli, the head of local watchdog, the Institute of Education in Democracy, said called the day the "saddest...in the history of democracy in this country" and "a coup d'etat ." Opposition supporters saw the result as a plot by Kibaki's Kikuyu tribe, Kenya's largest, to keep power by any means. The tribes that lost the election were upset at
962-424: A special UN Humanitarian Air Service for UN and INGO staff. The county has six constituencies: The counties have six sub counties Counties of Kenya The Counties of Kenya ( Swahili : Kaunti za Kenya ) are geographical units created by the 2010 Constitution of Kenya as the new units of devolved government . They replaced the previous provincial system . The establishment and executive powers of
1036-512: A stand: according to one joke, "He never saw a fence he didn't sit on". Similarly, Kenneth Matiba also referred to him as "General Kiguoya" for refusing to resign the Kanu government and join the opposition after he was dropped as vice president in 1988. 'Kiguoya' translates to the 'fearful one' in the Kikuyu language. He also, as the political circumstances of the time dictated, projected himself as
1110-536: Is known in the local language as ng'turkana. Some place names in the country are attributed to the language of the Pokot and Samburu peoples , representing a tradition in the area of inhabitation by these peoples prior to displacement by the Turkana. The county is within the boundaries of the former Rift Valley province. According to data provided during 1991 the majority of the population at that time lived by way of farming. With an area of nearly 77,000 km, Turkana
1184-543: Is recorded as less than ten inches; with a range of between 115mm and 650mm. There were thirteen drought periods in a period of 50 years beginning 1938. Turkana is the poorest region in Kenya . The county is, however, experiencing upward reviews due to ongoing mineral explorations and inventions, especially of oil and water resources. Turkana County residents are also enjoying the fruits of devolution. Devolution of power in Kenya
1258-666: Is the largest county, including the area covered by Lake Turkana, in Kenya. Turkana County is emerging to be a major source of electric power in Kenya . Kengen 's Turkwel Hydro Power Plant , situated on the southwest of Turkana County, produces hydroelectric power which is connected to the national power grid at Lessos . The county is current subject of crude oil exploration in Block 10BB and Block 13T and has potential for geothermal, solar and wind energy. Kekarongole and Katilu had irrigation networks made commencing sometime during or after 1975. Rainfall measurements per annum (1982 data)
1332-604: Is viewed as a blessing for the forgotten people of Turkana. It has been received in the sub- counties with much appreciation due to its direct benefits to the citizens. The current administration shares out these benefits equally to all sub counties in addition to enhancing citizen participation in development activities. [1] On 26 March 2012, Kenyan President Mwai Kibaki announced that oil had been discovered in Turkana County after exploratory drilling by Anglo-Irish firm Tullow Oil , and he further stated that: It is...
1406-509: The 2002 presidential election , he was elected as President of Kenya. Kibaki was born on 15 November 1931 in Gatuyaini village, Othaya division of Kenya's then Nyeri District (now Nyeri County ). He was the youngest son of Kikuyu peasants Kibaki Gĩthĩnji and Teresia Wanjikũ. Though baptised as Emilio Stanley by Italian missionaries in his youth, he has been known as Mwai Kibaki throughout his public life. Kibaki started his schooling at
1480-785: The Electoral Commission of Kenya (ECK), which was shortly thereafter disbanded by the new Parliament. The country was only saved by the mediation of United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan with a panel of "Eminent African Personalities" backed by the African Union , the United States, and the United Kingdom. Following the mediation, a deal, called the national accord, was signed in February 2008 between Raila Odinga and Kibaki, now referred to as
1554-679: The Jomo Kenyatta and Daniel arap Moi governments, including as minister for Finance (1969–1981) under Kenyatta, and Minister for Home Affairs (1982–1988) and Minister for Health (1988–1991) under Moi. Kibaki served as an opposition Member of Parliament from 1992 to 2002. He unsuccessfully vied for the presidency in 1992 and 1997. He served as the Leader of the Official Opposition in Parliament from 1998 to 2002. Following
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#17327684933721628-661: The Moi tenure – a feat faced with several challenges, including the aftermath of the Nyayo Era (Moi Presidency), western donor fatigue, the President's ill health during his first term, political tension culminating in the break-up of the NARC coalition, the 2007–2008 post election violence, the 2007–2008 Global Financial crisis, and a tenuous relationship with his coalition partner, Raila Odinga, during his second term. President Kibaki,
1702-640: The Party of National Unity . The parties in his alliance included the much diminished former ruling KANU , DP , Narc-Kenya , Ford-Kenya , Ford People , and Shirikisho . Kibaki's main opponent, Raila Odinga , had used the referendum victory to launch the ODM , which nominated him as its presidential candidate for the 2007 elections. On 30 September 2007, President Kibaki launched his presidential campaign at Nyayo Stadium , Nairobi. Kalonzo Musyoka then broke away from Raila's ODM to mount his own fringe bid for
1776-596: The "two Principals". The accord, later passed by the Kenyan Parliament as the National Accord and Reconciliation Act 2008 provided inter alia for power-sharing, with Kibaki remaining President and Raila Odinga taking a newly re-created post of Prime Minister. On 17 April 2008, Raila Odinga was sworn in as Prime Minister of Kenya , along with a power-sharing Cabinet, with 42 ministers and 50 assistant ministers, Kenya's largest ever. The cabinet
1850-465: The 2007 Elections chaired by Justice Johann Kriegler , it was found that there were too many electoral malpractices from several regions perpetrated by all the contesting parties to conclusively establish which candidate won the December 2007 Presidential elections . Such malpractices included widespread bribery, vote buying, intimidation, and ballot stuffing by both sides, as well as incompetence from
1924-812: The 2013 General Election) nominated to be the KANU presidential candidate, and hurriedly formed the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). NAK later combined with the LDP to form the National Rainbow Coalition (NARC). On 14 October 2002, at a large opposition rally in Uhuru Park , Nairobi , Kibaki was nominated the NARC opposition alliance presidential candidate after Raila Odinga made the famous declaration; " Kibaki Tosha! " ( Swahili for "Kibaki [is] enough") On 3 December 2002, Kibaki
1998-466: The Constitution of Kenya are: Counties are mandated by the 2010 constitution of Kenya to enact legislation and laws that ensures management and controls of fire fighting. The county governor and the deputy county governor are the chief executive and deputy chief executive of the county, respectively. The Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission shall not conduct a separate election for
2072-472: The Constitution. Under the new constitution, Kenya is now divided into 47 counties for administrative purposes. They are grouped below according to the former province they were separated from, with their areas and populations as of the 2009 and the 2019 census: Abbreviations County governments are responsible for county legislation (outlined in article 185 of the Constitution of Kenya), executive functions (outlined in article 183), functions outlined in
2146-560: The Economic Planning Commission in 1963, he was promoted to Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1966. In 1969, he became Minister of Finance and Economic Planning where he served until 1982. In 1974, Kibaki, facing serious competition for his Doonholm Constituency seat from an opponent Mrs. Jael Mbogo , whom he had only narrowly and controversially beaten for the seat in the 1969 elections, moved his political base from Nairobi to his rural home, Othaya, where he
2220-512: The Finance portfolio until Moi changed his ministerial portfolio from Finance to Home Affairs in 1982. He had in 1978 rejected an offer to become World Bank Vice President for Africa instead choosing to further his political career. As of 2023, he is still regarded as one of the most effective and consequential finance ministers of the Republic of Kenya. Later as President, he kept close tabs with
2294-603: The Moi years were completed. The country's cities and towns also began being positively renewed and transformed. The Constituency Development Fund (CDF) was also introduced in 2003. The fund was designed to support constituency-level, grass-root development projects. It was aimed to achieve equitable distribution of development resources across regions and to control imbalances in regional development brought about by partisan politics. It targeted all constituency-level development projects, particularly those aiming to combat poverty at
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2368-529: The President of the Republic, to re-organize my government to make it more cohesive and better able to serve the people of Kenya". The only members of the cabinet office to be spared a midterm exit were the Vice President and Minister of Home Affairs , Moody Awori , and the Attorney General whose position is constitutionally protected. A new cabinet of Kibaki loyalists, including MP's from
2442-453: The beginning of a long journey to make our country an oil producer, which typically takes in excess of three years. We shall be giving the nation more information as the oil exploration process continues. Gold panning was reported (2005) as occurring at Lochoremoit , Namoruputh , Lokiriama and Ng' akoriyiek . According to Barrett (2001) cited in Watson the wealth of a person is kept in
2516-686: The counties is provided in Chapter Eleven of the Constitution on devolved government, the Constitution's Fourth Schedule and any other legislation passed by the Senate of Kenya concerning counties. The counties are also single-member constituencies which elect members of the Senate, and special woman members to the National Assembly . As of 2022, there were 47 counties whose size and boundaries were based on 1992 districts . Following
2590-435: The country the witty, sporty, eloquent Kibaki of the previous years. A man who could make lengthy and flowery contributions on the floor of Parliament without notes was confined to reading speeches at every forum. In late January 2003, it was announced that the President had been admitted to Nairobi Hospital to have a blood clot– the after-effect of his car accident– removed from his leg. He came out of hospital and addressed
2664-488: The death in office of Vice President, Michael Wamalwa Kijana . In January 2003, Kibaki introduced a free primary education initiative, which brought over 1 million children who would not have been able to afford school the chance to attend. The initiative received positive attention, including praise from Bill Clinton , who met Kibaki in Kenya in July 2005. In his tenure he was involved in numerous academic events including
2738-447: The deputy governor but shall declare the running mate of the person who is elected county governor to have been elected as the deputy governor. Each county will be run by an executive committee, consisting of: Uniquely among democracies, Kenyan law requires governors to have a recognised university degree. The counties each have an assembly whose members are elected from single-member constituencies known as wards. There may also be
2812-443: The east. To the south and east, neighbouring counties in Kenya are West Pokot , Baringo and Samburu Counties , while Marsabit County is on the opposite (i.e. eastern) shore of Lake Turkana . Turkana's capital and largest town is Lodwar . The county had a population of 926,976 according to the 2019 census report. It is Projected to reach 1.048M people in 2024 Four sites of Stone Age cultures are situated upon tributaries along
2886-401: The economics department until 1961. In 1961, Kibaki married Lucy Muthoni , the daughter of a church minister, who was then a secondary school head teacher. In early 1960, Mwai Kibaki left academia for active politics by giving up his job at Makerere and returning to Kenya to become an executive officer of Kenya African National Union (KANU), at the request of Thomas Joseph Mboya (who was
2960-409: The economist whose term as Finance minister in the 1970s is widely celebrated as outstanding, did much as president to repair the damage done to the country's economy during the 24-year reign of his predecessor, President Moi. Compared to the Moi years, Kenya was much better managed, by far more competent public sector personnel, and was much transformed. Kenya's economy in the Kibaki years experienced
3034-493: The economy recovered from total collapse pre-2003. Numerous state corporations that had collapsed during the Moi years were revived and began performing profitably. The telecommunications sector boomed. Rebuilding, modernisation, and expansion of infrastructure began in earnest, with several ambitious infrastructural and other projects, such as the Thika Superhighway , which would have been seen as unattainable during
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3108-484: The famous Equity Group Foundation, Wings to Fly 2013 scholars commissioning. The 2005 Kenyan constitutional referendum was held on 21 November 2005. The main issue of contention in the Constitution review process was how much power should be vested in the Kenyan Presidency. In previous drafts, those who feared a concentration of power in the president added provisions for European-style power-sharing between
3182-531: The figure subsequently announced by the Electoral Commission, leading him to doubt the accuracy of the announced results. It was reported that Kibaki, who had previously been perceived as an "old-school gentleman", had "revealed a steely side" when he swore himself in within an hour of being announced the victor of the highly contested election—one where the results were largely in question. Odinga's supporters said he would be declared president at
3256-422: The form of cattle. Figures stated as of 1998 stated an average estimated herd size of 15–20. In 2013 it was announced by UNESCO that large reserves of groundwater had been discovered in Turkana County which was discovered using satellite exploration technology then confirmed by drilling. The extraction of the water began in 2014 and it is being piped to provide water to Lodwar town for irrigation and water for
3330-421: The fourth schedule of the constitution of Kenya, functions transferred from the national government through article 187 of the constitution of Kenya, functions agreed upon with other counties under article 189(2) of the constitution of Kenya, and establishment and staffing of a public service (under article 235 of the Constitution of Kenya). The functions of governments assigned to counties by the fourth schedule of
3404-411: The government, an enhanced role of Parliament and citizens, an independent judiciary, and a most progressive Bill of Rights. [2] . Turkana County is one of the 47 counties of Kenya . The county is led by H.E. Governor Jeremiah Lomorukai, and Turkana County has 10 Ministries. [3] The county is connected to Nairobi through regular commercial flights to Lodwar airport . The World Food Programme runs
3478-505: The highest grade in his O Level examinations. In his last year at Mang'u, Kibaki briefly considered enlisting in the army, but this ambition was thwarted when Kenya's Chief colonial secretary, Walter Coutts , prohibited members of Kikuyu, Embu , and Meru communities from joining the military. Kibaki instead attended Makerere University in Kampala , Uganda, where he studied economics, history, and political science . He graduated with
3552-532: The most parliamentary and local authority seats by a wide margin. A joint statement by the British Foreign Office and Department for International Development cited "real concerns" over irregularities, while international observers refused to declare the election free and fair. The European Union chief observer, Alexander Graf Lambsdorff , cited one constituency where his monitors saw official results for Kibaki that were 25,000 votes lower than
3626-638: The opposition, termed the Government of National Unity (GNU), was thereafter appointed, but some MP's who were offered ministerial positions declined to take up posts. A report by a Kenyan Commission of Inquiry, the Waki Commission , contextualises some issues. They reported that Kibaki, after agreeing to an informal Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to create the post of Prime Minister, reneged on this pact after being elected. They cited criticism of Kibaki neglecting his pre-election agreement, leaving
3700-470: The other Kenyan tribes and regions, with Kibaki's victory being attained only with the near exclusive support of the populous Kikuyu , Meru , and Embu communities-who had turned out to vote for Kibaki in large numbers after feeling, in reaction to the Odinga campaign, and with the covert encouragement of the Kibaki campaign, increasingly besieged and threatened by the pro-Odinga tribes. Moreover, ODM had won
3774-543: The past, establishing that warfare occurred between groups of hunter-gatherers. From 1900 until 1926, the British colonial administration in Kenya gradually established control over the Turkana people . and by 1926, the Turkana people were fully under the control of the British colonial administration, who subsequently forcibly restricted their movements to the Turkana region. In 1958, the district experienced an influx of
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#17327684933723848-485: The people. However, this project was later abandoned when it was found that the water in the aquifer was too salty to be treated or to be used for other purposes. Government [Turkana County Government Website: http://www.turkana.go.ke/ ] Promulgation of the Constitution of Kenya 2010 marked a momentous point in the country's history. The Constitution provided for, among others, enhanced checks and balances within
3922-407: The populist sloganeering of his predecessors. His style of leadership gave him the image of a seemingly aloof, withdrawn technocrat or intellectual and made him seem out of touch with the street, and his seemingly hands-off leadership-by-delegation style made his governments, especially at the cabinet level, appear dysfunctional. It is widely acknowledged that age and the 2002 accident denied
3996-531: The presidency, thus narrowing down the contest between the main candidates, Kibaki, the incumbent, and Odinga. Opinion polls up to election day showed Kibaki behind Raila Odinga nationally, but closing. On regional analysis, the polls showed him behind Raila in all regions of the country except Central Province , Embu , and Meru , where he was projected to take most of the votes, and behind Kalonzo Musyoka in Kalonzo's native Ukambani . Three days later, after
4070-685: The presidency. Kibaki joined third-placed Raila Odinga in accusing the president of rigging the poll, and both opposition leaders boycotted Moi's swearing in for his fifth term in office. In preparation for the 2002 elections, Kibaki's Democratic Party affiliated with several other opposition parties to form the National Alliance of Rainbow Coalition (NARC). A group of disappointed KANU presidential aspirants then quit KANU in protest after being overlooked by outgoing President Moi when Moi had Uhuru Kenyatta (founding Father Jomo Kenyatta 's son and Kibaki's successor as Kenya's 4th President after
4144-475: The prospect of five years without political power, and anti-Kikuyu sentiment swelled, spawning the 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis , as violence broke out in several places in the country, started by the ODM supporters protesting the "stealing" of their "victory", and subsequently escalating as the targeted Kikuyus retaliated. As unrest spread, television and radio stations were instructed to stop all live broadcasts. There
4218-565: The public outside the hospital on TV in a visibly incoherent manner, and speculation after that was that he had suffered a stroke, his second, the first being said to have occurred sometimes in the 1970s. His subsequent ill health greatly diminished his performance during his first term and the affairs of government during that time are said to have been largely run by a group of loyal aides, both in and out of government. Kibaki did not seem well, for instance, when he appeared live on TV on 25 September 2003 to appoint Moody Awori Vice President after
4292-470: The public to identify it as an attempt by the Kibaki Government to "keep power to itself rather than share it." On 26 January 2007, President Kibaki declared his intention of running for re-election in the 2007 presidential election . On 16 September 2007, Kibaki announced that he would stand as the candidate of a new alliance incorporating all the parties who supported his re-election, called
4366-525: The re-organization of Kenya's national administration, counties were integrated into a new national administration with the national government posting a county commissioner to each county to serve as a collaborative link with national government. County governments were established in all 47 counties after the general elections in March 2013 . The counties' names are set out in the First Schedule of
4440-530: The repeal of Section 2A of the then Constitution of Kenya , which restored the multi-party system of government. Soon after his resignation, Kibaki founded the Democratic Party (DP) and entered the presidential race in the upcoming multi-party elections of 1992. Kibaki was regarded as one of the favourites among Moi's challengers, although his support came mainly from the Kikuyu voters as the election
4514-399: The results were announced, Odinga bitterly accused Kibaki of electoral fraud. Odinga's allegations scored with his supporters, and seemed meritorious since the results had defied pre-election polls and expectations and election day exit polls. Furthermore, Odinga, who had campaigned against the concentration of political power in the hands of Kikuyu politicians, had won the votes of most of
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#17327684933724588-635: The secretary general of KANU). Kibaki then helped to draft Kenya's independence constitution . In 1963, Kibaki was elected as Member of Parliament for the Doonholm Constituency (subsequently called Bahati and now known as Makadara) in Nairobi . His election was the start of a long political career. In 1963 Kibaki was appointed the Permanent Secretary for the Treasury. Appointed Assistant Minister of Finance and chairman of
4662-486: The tallying Center ahead of the result announcement, evicted party agents, observers, and the media, and moved the Chairman of the Electoral Commission, Samuel Kivuitu , to another room where Kivuitu went on to declare Kibaki the winner by 4,584,721 votes to Odinga's 4,352,993, placing Kibaki ahead of Odinga by about 232,000 votes in the hotly contested election with Kalonzo Musyoka a distant third. One hour later, in
4736-488: The treasury and directly influenced key economic policies resulting in steady economic growth. Kibaki fell out of favor with President Moi in March 1988, and was dropped as vice president and moved to the Ministry of Health. Kibaki's political style during these years was described as gentlemanly and non-confrontational. This style exposed him to criticism that he was a spineless, or even cowardly, politician who never took
4810-514: The village school in Gatuyaini , where he completed two years. He then continued his education at the Karima mission school, close to Othaya town, before moving to Mathari School (now Nyeri High School ) between 1944 and 1946. In addition to his academic studies, he learned carpentry and masonry at the school. After Karima Primary and Nyeri Boarding primary schools, he proceeded to Mang'u High School , where he studied between 1947 and 1950, gaining
4884-707: The votes in the presidential elections, against only 31% for the KANU candidate Uhuru Kenyatta . On 30 December 2002, still nursing injuries from the motor vehicle accident and in a wheel chair, Kibaki was sworn in as the third President and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Kenya , in front of thousands of cheering supporters at the historic Uhuru Park within Nairobi City. At his inauguration, he stressed his opposition to government corruption, saying: "Government will no longer be run on
4958-550: The west side of Lake Turkana in West Turkana; at Lokalalei, Kokiselei and Nadungu, and became of interest to archaeology beginning sometime during 1988. The earliest late Stone Age industries in prehistory were found in Turkana, at the site of Lomekwi, and date to 3,300,000 years. At the archaeological site of Nataruk, in Southwest Turkana, scientists have discovered the oldest evidence of inter-group conflict in
5032-725: The whims of individuals." Kibaki's swearing in marked the end of four decades of KANU rule, the party having ruled Kenya since independence. Moi, who had been in power for 24 years, began his retirement. President Kibaki's style was that of a low key publicity averse but highly intelligent and competent technocrat. He, unlike his predecessors, never tried to establish a personality cult; never had his portrait on every unit of Kenya's currency; never had all manner of streets, places, and institutions named after him; never had state sanctioned praise songs composed in his honour; never dominated news bulletins with reports of his presidential activities - however routine or mundane; and never engaged in
5106-442: Was a Kenyan politician who served as the third President of Kenya from December 2002 until April 2013. He served in various leadership positions in Kenya's government including being the longest serving Member of Parliament (MP) in Kenya from 1963 to 2013. He had previously served as the fourth Vice-President of Kenya for ten years from 1978 to 1988 under President Daniel arap Moi . He also held cabinet ministerial positions in
5180-418: Was fifty percent Kibaki appointed ministers and fifty percent Raila appointed ministers, and was in reality a carefully balanced ethnic coalition . The arrangement, which also included Kalonzo Musyoka as vice president, was known as the "Grand Coalition Government". The Kibaki presidency set itself the main task of reviving and turning round country after years of stagnation and economic mismanagement during
5254-421: Was fought along ethnic lines, confirming a prediction made by both Moi and political analysts at the beginning of multipartyism. Kibaki came third in the subsequent presidential elections of 1992, when the divided opposition lost to president Moi and KANU despite having received more than two-thirds of the vote. He then came second to Moi in the 1997 elections, when again, Moi beat a divided opposition to retain
5328-417: Was injured in a road accident while on his way back to Nairobi from a campaign meeting at Machakos junction 40 kilometres (25 miles) from Nairobi. He was subsequently hospitalized in Nairobi , then London, after sustaining fracture injuries in the accident. After the accident, he had to move using a wheel chair up to months later after his presidency. For the remainder of his life, he walked rather awkwardly as
5402-489: Was subsequently elected as Member of Parliament. The same year Time magazine rated him among the top 100 people in the world who had the potential to lead. He was re-elected Member of Parliament for Othaya in the subsequent elections of 1979, 1983, 1988, 1992, 1997, 2002, and 2007. When Daniel arap Moi succeeded Jomo Kenyatta as President of Kenya in 1978, Kibaki was elevated to the Vice Presidency , and kept
5476-496: Was widespread theft, vandalism, looting, destruction of property, and a significant number of atrocities, killings, and sexual violence reported. The violence continued for more than two months, as Kibaki ruled with "half" a cabinet he had appointed, with Odinga and ODM refusing to recognize him as president. When the election was eventually investigated by the Independent Review Commission (IREC) on
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