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22-744: According to the Aeneid , Turnus is the son of Daunus and the nymph Venilia and is brother of the nymph Juturna . While there is a limited amount of information in historical sources about Turnus, some key details about Turnus and the Rutuli differ significantly from the account in the Aeneid. The only source predating the Aeneid is Marcus Porcius Cato 's Origines . Turnus is also mentioned by Livy in his Ab Urbe Condita and by Dionysius of Halicarnassus in his Ρωμαϊκή Αρχαιολογία ( Rômaïkê Archaiologia , " Roman Antiquities "), both of which come later than

44-561: A "new Achilles ", due to his Greek ancestry and his fierceness. According to Barry Powell , he may also represent Mark Antony or local peoples who must submit to Rome's empire. Powell adds that in the dispute between Turnus and Aeneas, Turnus may have the moral upper hand, having been arranged to marry Lavinia first. However, Turnus must be stopped since he is running counter to the force of destiny . Venilia Venilia (pronounced / v ə ˈ n ɪ l i ə / , or as Latin Venīlia )

66-461: A passage in Ranulf Higdon 's Polychronicon , Turnus is also named as King of Tuscany. This suggests that legends in the age after Virgil came to identify Turnus "as a legendary figure like Aeneas, Romulus , ' Langeberde ', and Brutus". In Book IX of John Milton's Paradise Lost , the story of Turnus and Lavinia is mentioned in relation to God's anger at Adam and Eve. Turnus can be seen as

88-478: A year of preparation, Rome and the Sabines engaged in several skirmishes and minor engagements before fighting two major battles. Two days after the first battle, the second and final battle between them took place in between the two Roman hills they were occupying. It was an epic contest, featuring multiple reversals wherein each army had, and then lost the upper hand. At the end of the day, the Sabines retreated to

110-422: Is a Roman deity associated with the winds and the sea. According to Virgil and Ovid , she was a nymph , the sister of Amata and the wife of Janus (or Faunus ), with whom she had three children: Turnus , Juturna , and Canens . She and Salacia are the paredrae of Neptune . The Venilia Mons, a mountain on Venus , is named for her. This article relating to an Ancient Roman myth or legend

132-564: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Titus Tatius According to the Roman foundation myth , Titus Tatius , also called Tatius Sabinus , was king of the Sabines from Cures and joint-ruler of the Kingdom of Rome for several years. During the reign of Romulus , the first king of Rome , Tatius declared war on Rome in response to the incident known as The Rape of

154-408: Is not a historical personage, but the eponymous hero of the religious college called Sodales Titii . The members of the sodales were bound to offer a yearly sacrifice at Tatius' grave; all of its members were of senatorial rank. In two different books, Tacitus expresses two different opinions, which Mommsen interprets as representing two different traditions: The Titii had fallen into abeyance by

176-573: The Aeneid . Turnus is mentioned in the Pseudo-Jasher , along with Angeas of Africa. In all of these historical sources, Turnus' heritage is unclear. Dionysius calls him Tyrrhenus , which means " Etruscan ", while other sources suggest a Greek ancestry. In all of these sources, Turnus and his Rutulians are settled in Italy prior to the arrival of the Trojans and are involved in the clash between

198-572: The Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight , the unknown poet cites as a parallel to Brutus of Troy's founding of Britain, that of an unidentified "Ticius" to Tuscany . Although some scholars have tried to argue that "Titius" is derived from Titus Tatius , Otis Chapman has proposed that "Ticius" is a scribal error for what the poet intended to read as Turnus. On top of manuscript stylometric evidence, Chapman notes that in

220-599: The Latins and the Trojans, but there is a great deal of discrepancy in details. It appears that Virgil drew on a variety of historical sources for the background of Turnus in the Aeneid . Prior to Aeneas' arrival in Italy, Turnus was the primary potential suitor of Lavinia , the only daughter of Latinus , King of the Latin people. Upon Aeneas' arrival, however, Lavinia is promised to the Trojan prince. Juno , determined to prolong

242-545: The Sabine Women . After he captured the stronghold atop the Capitoline Hill through the treachery of Tarpeia , the Sabines and Romans fought an epic battle that concluded when the abducted Sabine women intervened to convince the two sides to reconcile and end the war. The two kingdoms were joined and the two kings ruled jointly until Tatius' murder five years later. The joint kingdom was still called Rome and

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264-520: The Trojans after defeating many opponents, but soon gets into trouble and is only saved from death by Juno. In Book X, Turnus slays the son of Evander, the young prince Pallas . As he gloats over the killing, he takes as a spoil of war Pallas' sword belt and puts it on. Enraged, Aeneas seeks out the Rutulian King with full intent of killing him. Virgil marks the death of Pallas by mentioning the inevitable downfall of Turnus. To prevent his death at

286-506: The building of several landmarks, as well as the conquest of Cameria . Their first disagreement came in the sixth year of their reign. Dionysius relates that some of Tatius' friends had victimized some Laurentii and when the city sent ambassadors to demand justice, Tatius would not allow Romulus to hand over the perpetrators. After the ambassadors had left for home, a group of Sabines waylaid them as they slept. Some escaped and when word got back to Rome, Romulus promptly arrested and surrendered

308-534: The citadel and the Romans didn't pursue them. Before combat could be resumed, the Sabine women, some in funerary attire, some carrying their children with them, convinced Tatius and Romulus to end the fighting. After a ceasefire, the nations signed a treaty creating a single kingdom under the joint rule of both kings, who reigned together until the death of Tatius. The two kings together oversaw an expansion of Rome and

330-497: The citizens of the city were still called Romans, but as a community, they were to be called Quirites . The Sabines were integrated into the existing tribes and curies, yet Tatius is not counted as one of the traditional "Seven Kings of Rome ". Tatius had one daughter, Tatia, who married Numa Pompilius (Romulus' successor), and one son, who was the ancestor of the patrician Tatii family. Dionysius of Halicarnassus ( c. 60  BC – after 7  BC ) reports that after

352-748: The deposed king of the Etruscans , Mezentius ; and Queen Camilla of the Volsci , allies in Turnus’ fight against Aeneas, the Trojans, and their allies. The Historia Brittonum connected Turnus with the Turoni , and the city of Tours : "[ Brutus of Troy ] was exiled on account of the death of Turnus, slain by Aeneas. He then went among the Gauls and built a city of the Turones, called Turnis [Tours]". In

374-488: The end of the republic, but were revived by emperor Augustus and existed to the end of the 2nd century CE. Augustus himself, and the emperor Claudius belonged to the college. Varro mentions him as a king of Rome who enlarged the city and established certain cults , but he may just have been the eponym of the tribe Titiae, or even an invention to serve as a precedent for collegial magistracy. Gary Forsythe suggests instead, that Titus Tatius could well have been

396-407: The hands of Aeneas, Juno conjures a ghost apparition of Aeneas, luring Turnus onto a ship and to his safety. Turnus takes great offense at this action, questioning his worth and even contemplating suicide. In Book XII, Aeneas and Turnus duel to the death; Aeneas gains the upper hand amidst a noticeably Iliad -esque chase sequence (Aeneas pursues Turnus ten times round, between the walls of Latium and

418-530: The lines of men, much as in the duel between Achilles and Hector), wounding Turnus in the thigh. Turnus begs Aeneas either to spare him or give his body back to his people. Aeneas considers but upon seeing the belt of Pallas on Turnus, he is consumed by rage and finishes him off. The last line of the poem describes Turnus' unhappy passage into the Underworld. Turnus' supporters include: his sister and minor river/fountain deity, Juturna ; Latinus's wife, Amata ;

440-511: The men responsible – including a member of Tatius' own family – over to a new group of ambassadors. Tatius followed the group out of the city and freed the accused men by force. Later, while both kings were participating in a sacrifice in Lavinium , he was killed in retribution. Dionysius also tells the account of Licinius Macer , wherein Tatius was killed when he went alone to try to convince

462-455: The suffering of the Trojans, prompts Turnus to demand a war with the new arrivals. King Latinus is greatly displeased with Turnus, but steps down and allows the war to commence. During the War between the Latins and the Trojans (along with several other Trojan allies, including King Evander 's Arcadians ), Turnus proves himself to be brave but hot-headed. In Book IX, he nearly takes the fortress of

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484-480: The victims in Lavinium to forgive the crimes committed. When they discovered he had not brought the men responsible with him, as the senate and Romulus had ordered, an angry mob stoned him to death. According to Theodor Mommsen , the story of Tatius' death seems to be a legend explaining the abolition of blood-revenge, presented as-if it were actual history, and that Tatius, who in some respects resembles Remus ,

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