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47-643: Tuscarora Township may refer to: Canada [ edit ] Tuscarora Township, Ontario United States [ edit ] Tuscarora Township, Cheboygan County, Michigan Tuscarora Township, Pierce County, North Dakota , in Pierce County, North Dakota Tuscarora Township, Perry County, Pennsylvania Tuscarora Township, Juniata County, Pennsylvania Tuscarora Township, Bradford County, Pennsylvania See also [ edit ] Tuscarora (disambiguation) [REDACTED] Topics referred to by

94-774: A war of independence from the British Crown . British military strategy during the American Revolution relied on mobilising loyalist soldiers throughout the Thirteen Colonies . Throughout the war, the British military formed over 100 loyalist line regiments whose strength totaled 19,000 of which 9,700 served most at one time. Including militia and marine forces more than 50,000 served. The Patriots used tactics such as property confiscation to suppress loyalism and drive active loyalists away. After

141-733: A large group of Iroquois to settle in what is now referred to as "Six Nations of the Grand River." A 1785 census recorded 1,843 Natives living on the Grand River reserve, including 548 Mohawk , 281 Cayuga , 145 Onondaga , 262 Oneida , 109 Tuscarora , and 98 Seneca . There were also 400 persons from other tribes, including Lenape , and others from southern territory, such as the Nanticoke , Tutelo , and some Creek and Cherokee . African-American slaves were also brought to Six Nations and Brantford by Joseph Brant. Brant encouraged members of his family to marry local Blacks, absorbing them into

188-469: A large section of Scottish society Scottish loyalism has become more visible through prominent demonstrations of the beliefs of its members since the establishment of a Scottish Parliament . Scottish loyalism is visible through participation at Orange parades with supporters from Rangers , Heart of Midlothian F.C. and Airdrie United . Loyalists in Scotland mostly live in small working-class enclaves in

235-481: A rigorous toryism to some vague sense that royal government was hardly so evil as its enemies claimed. In Canada this diversity was preserved. The Loyalist communities were rarely unanimous – or placid – in their politics". The term loyalist was first used in Irish politics in the 1790s to refer to Protestant Irishmen (often of English or Scottish ancestry) who opposed Catholic Emancipation and Irish independence from

282-475: Is among only twelve Chapels Royal in the world. The main town developed at what is now Brantford . It was first called Brant's Town after Joseph Brant , who built his residence there. In 1798, it was described as a large and sprawling settlement. Brant's home was a two-story house, built in a European-American style. In 1797, Brant founded one of the earliest Masonic Lodges in Upper Canada; he achieved

329-588: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Tuscarora Township, Ontario The Six Nations reserve is bordered by the County of Brant , Norfolk County , and Haldimand County , with a subsection reservation, the New Credit Reserve , located within its boundaries. The acreage at present covers some 46,000 acres (190 km ) near the city of Brantford, Ontario . This represents approximately 8% of

376-716: Is now called the Tyendinaga Mohawk Territory, Ontario . The group of Mohawk originally led by John Deseronto , who died in the town named after him, settled on the Bay of Quinte known as Tyendinaga . These were primarily Mohawk of the Lower Castle (of New York). Brant decided that he preferred to settle on the Grand River north of Lake Erie. Mohawk of the Upper Castle joined him in settling on

423-927: The Indian Act . The Elected Council has, since its foundation, been the primary government of Six Nations recognised by the Government of Canada. However, the Haudenosaunee Confederacy Chiefs Council has maintained a presence on the reserve despite the establishment of the elected council, representing a continuity with the traditional government of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy. Prior to colonization, education in Haudenosaunee communities took place in "unstructured and non-coercive ways." This continues to this day alongside state education. Members of

470-720: The Bahamas and Britain, often with financial help from the Crown. They were joined by 30,000 or more "Late Loyalists" who settled in Ontario in the early 1790s at the invitation of the British administration and given land and low taxes in exchange for swearing allegiance to the King, for a total of 70,000+ new settlers. There were in fact four waves of emigration: in the years 1774 through 1776 when for example 1300 Tories were evacuated with

517-526: The Industrial Revolution when a significant number of Ulster Protestants migrated to Scotland from Ireland. In Scotland, a loyalist is someone on the fringes of Scottish unionism who is often strongly supportive of loyalism and unionism, although mainly concentrating on the Irish union issue rather than on Scottish politics . Scottish loyalism is typified by militant opposition to Scottish republicanism, Scottish independence . Coming from

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564-876: The Northern Ireland Assembly in 1998, 2003 and 2007, but lost them in 2011. Loyalism in the post-partition Republic of Ireland has declined since independence. Large numbers of southern Irish loyalists and non-loyalists volunteered for service in the British Armed Forces in World War I and World War II, many of them losing their lives or settling in the United Kingdom after the wars. Partition saw mass movements of southern loyalists to Northern Ireland or to Great Britain, although small loyalist or neo-unionist groups are still active. The Scottish loyalist movement originated during

611-588: The Ulster Defence Association (UDA), Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), Red Hand Commando (RHC) and the Loyalist Volunteer Force (LVF). Although Irish loyalist paramilitaries have claimed to speak on behalf of their communities and unionists in general, their electoral support is minimal and exclusively based in the urban working class. The Progressive Unionist Party , a pro- Belfast Agreement loyalist party, won seats in

658-639: The United Kingdom , its overseas territories and its former colonies , refers to the allegiance to the British crown or the United Kingdom. In North America, the most common usage of the term refers to loyalty to the British Crown , notably with the loyalists opponents of the American Revolution , and United Empire Loyalists who moved to other colonies in British North America after the revolution. In North America,

705-674: The British Empire. Prominent Irish loyalists included John Foster , John Fitzgibbon and John Beresford . In the subsequent Irish Rebellion of 1798 , the term ultra loyalist was used to describe those who were opposed to the United Irishmen , who were in support of an independent Irish Republic . In 1795, Ulster loyalists founded the Orange Order and organised the Yeoman Militia, which helped to put down

752-773: The British and hoped they might stop European-American encroachment on their territories. These allies were from the Six Nations of the Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) Confederacy . After the American victory in the conflict, the Crown ceded all of its territory in the colonies to their new government under a peace treaty, including that belonging to the Six Nations without consulting them or making them party to treaty negotiations. The Crown worked to resettle native Loyalists in Canada and provide some compensation for lands lost in

799-453: The British fleet that left Boston for Halifax; the large wave of 50,000 in the years 1783; some few thousands who had stayed in the new Republic but left disenchanted with the results of the revolution for Upper Canada between 1784 and 1790; and the large number 'Late Loyalists,' 30,000, who came in the early 1790s for land, many of them neutrals during the War, to Upper Canada; they soon outnumbered

846-722: The Grand River, as did bands of the other Six Nations. By the Haldimand Proclamation of October 25, 1784, the government granted a tract of land to the Mohawk Nation and Six Nations bands in appreciation of their support for the Crown during the revolution. The Crown had purchased the lands previously from the Mississauga on May 22, 1784, as part of the Between the Lakes Treaty. Joseph Brant led

893-524: The Six Nations as communal owners of the land. He believed the deed should be limited to the current persons living on the land. By 1800, two-thirds of the Haudenosaunee had not yet adapted to the style of subsistence agriculture maintained by separate households that the Canadian government encouraged. Brant had hoped that sales of land to European Americans would help them develop the frontier, but conditions were difficult for such agriculture. In 1813,

940-635: The Six Nations attended the Mohawk Institute , a residential school which was the subject of numerous abuse allegations. Upon closure of the institute in 1972, the residential school was replaced by the Woodland Cultural Centre. Day schools were also operated on the reserve under the Six Nations School Board (1878–1933), the first Indigenous school board in Ontario. While the official colonial curriculum

987-460: The Six Nations community survive. According to the Haldimand Proclamation , the original tract of land stretched from the mouth of the Grand River on the shores of Lake Erie to the river's head , and for 10 km (6 mi) from either bank. However, the grant of land included land around the source that the Crown had not purchased from the Mississauga . A purchase from the Mississauga

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1034-469: The actions of the 36th (Ulster) Division during World War I and the activities of the Orange Order. An Ulster loyalist is most commonly a unionist who strongly favours the political union between Great Britain and Northern Ireland, although some may also support an independent Northern Ireland . In recent times, the term has been used to refer to several loyalist paramilitary groups, such as

1081-401: The chiefs and councillors of the Six Nations residing in the state of New York would declare war on the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. In 1828, chief John Brant was appointed resident superintendent for the Six Nations of the Grand River. The Six Nations people were originally given 10 km (6 miles) on either side of the entire length of the Grand River, although much of the land

1128-533: The doctor William Osler , where they were considered untraceable for decades. In 2020, the journalists David Bruser and Markus Grill, supported by the ethnologist Nils Seethaler , succeeded in finding the skulls in the anatomical collection of the Berlin Society for Anthropology, Ethnology and Prehistory. A return of the skulls to the care of the community of origin was suggested in this context. On July 24, 2024, Ice hockey player Brandon Montour became

1175-630: The early 19th century, nearly every English and Welsh county formed a Loyalist Association of Workers in an effort to counter a perceived threat from radical societies . The first such association was founded in Westminster on 20 November 1792. Generally, the term loyalist in Northern Ireland is typified by a militant opposition to Irish republicanism , and also often to Roman Catholicism. It stresses Ulster Protestant identity and community with its own folk heroes and events, such as

1222-787: The first person to bring the Stanley Cup to Ohsweken after the Florida Panthers won their first championship following their series win over the Edmonton Oilers in Game 7 of the 2024 Stanley Cup Finals . A parade was held in his honour that went from the Ohsweken Speedway to the Gaylord Powless Arena. Several named communities exist within the Six Nations reserve: They later welcomed to

1269-575: The first years on the frontier, as the government did not provide enough supplies or assistance to any of the resettled loyalists, neither Native Americans nor European Americans. They had to create new settlements out of woodlands. In 1785, the government built the first Protestant church in Upper Canada (now Ontario ) on the reserve; it was known as Her Majesty's Royal Chapel of the Mohawks . The Crown maintained its support of this chapel, and it

1316-458: The founders of modern English-speaking Canada, and many of their descendants of these King's Loyal Americans still identify themselves with the nominal hereditary title "UEL" ( United Empire Loyalist ) today. To one degree or another, from ideological reasons or less so mixed with prospects of a better life, "All the Loyalists had taken a stand for the Crown and the British Empire"...whether "from

1363-406: The land speculators had fallen behind in their payments. Because of the lack of payments, Brant was determined to sell more land to make up for the missing payments. In 1796, Lord Dorchester issued another deed for the land. This empowered the Haudenosaunee to lease or sell their land, provided they offered it first for sale to the government. Brant rejected this deed, partly because the deed named

1410-627: The loss of their lands in New York. Haldimand promised to resettle the Mohawk near the Bay of Quinte , on the northeast shore of Lake Ontario , in present-day Ontario , Canada. Haldimand purchased from other First Nations a tract 12 mi (19 km) by 13 mi (21 km) on the Bay of Quinte, which he granted to the Mohawk. (There are of course questions about First Nations understanding of such purchase). About 200 Mohawk settled with Deseronto at what

1457-422: The new United States. The Crown also hoped to use these new settlers, both Native Americans and European Americans, to develop agriculture and towns in areas west of Quebec , the territory later known as Upper Canada . The new lands granted to Six Nations reserves were all near important Canadian military targets and placed along the border to prevent any American invasion. The growth of the Six Nations community

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1504-581: The original 550,000 acres (2,200 km ) of land granted to the Six Nations by the 1784 Haldimand Proclamation . Many of the Haudenosaunee people allied with the British during the American Revolutionary War , particularly warriors from the Mohawk, Cayuga, Onondaga and Seneca nations. Some warriors of the Oneida and Tuscarora also allied with them, as warfare was highly decentralized. These nations had longstanding trade relations with

1551-521: The original truly committed anti-Republicans, 10,000, who had earlier arrived: some Loyalists about 10 per cent maybe from New Brunswick returned to the States as did an unknown number from Nova Scotia. This migration also included indigenous loyalists such as Mohawk leader Joseph Brant , the " Black Loyalists " – former slaves who had joined the British cause in exchange for their freedom, and Anabaptist loyalists ( Mennonites ). These Loyalists were

1598-615: The population on the reserve. From the 1830s to the 1860s many runaway slaves, escaping through the Underground Railroad , were received and absorbed into the population of Six Nations. Along with the African-Americans who settled largely in the area around Cainsville , Joseph Brant invited several Anglo-American white families to live on the grant, particularly veterans of Brant's Volunteers and Butler's Rangers from New York , who had fought with him during

1645-461: The rank of its Worshipful Master . Governor John Simcoe confirmed the Grant with a limited deed on January 14, 1793. Also, this deed forbade them to sell the land to anyone but each other and the king. Led by Joseph Brant, the chiefs rejected the deed. In 1795, the Grand River chiefs empowered Joseph Brant to sell large blocks of land in the northern section, which the Haudenosaunee were not using at

1692-464: The rebellion. Some loyalists, such as Richard Musgrave , considered the rebellion a Catholic plot to drive Protestant colonists out of Ireland. The Sydney and Parramatta Loyalist Associations, with approximately 50 members each, were formed in 1804 to counter radical societies in those counties, and subsequently helped to put down the Castle Hill convict rebellion later that year. During

1739-513: The reserve a group of Lenape , who speak Munsee , an Algonquian language . Six Nations of the Grand River is the most populous reserve in Canada. As of March 2023, there were 28,520 band members, of whom 11,688 lived on the reserve. The population consists of the following bands: The Six Nations of the Grand River Elected Council is a governing body established to run the affairs of the reserve in 1924, formed under

1786-477: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuscarora_Township&oldid=896335332 " Categories : Place name disambiguation pages Township name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1833-419: The term loyalist characterised colonists who rejected the American Revolution in favour of remaining loyal to the king. American loyalists included royal officials, Anglican clergymen, wealthy merchants with ties to London, demobilised British soldiers, and recent arrivals (especially from Scotland), as well as many ordinary colonists who were conservative by nature and/or felt that the protection of Britain

1880-405: The time. They set terms of no money down because they wanted to take their payment entirely in future years as annual interest. At this time, the population on the reserve was declining; some Haudenosaunee left the Grand River for traditional native communities in New York. After Brant's land sales started in 1795, the population began to increase again. He and the chiefs insisted on annuities to help

1927-563: The war, approximately 80–90 per cent of the Loyalists stayed in the new United States, and adapted to the new conditions and changes of a republic. Of the 62,000 who left by 1784, almost 50,000 sought refuge elsewhere in the British North American colonies of Quebec (partitioned into the Canadas in 1791), New Brunswick , Nova Scotia , and St. John's Island ; whereas the remaining loyalist migrants went to Jamaica ,

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1974-675: The war. To encourage his loyalist friends to settle there, Brant gave them larger grants than the government had given other loyalists in other areas of Upper Canada. Some Canadians objected to Brant giving such land grants to whites in the reserve area. As the government did for European Americans, the Indian department provided the Haudenosaunee with some tools and other provisions for resettlement, including such items as saws, axes, grindstones , and chisels. They received help in establishing schools and churches, and in acquiring farm equipment and other necessities. Conditions were extremely difficult in

2021-425: Was also hampered. Land, especially in the 17th and 18th centuries, granted a certain measure of power to their owners. Influential leaders such as Joseph Brant and Deseronto were prevented from granting land to business owners who could have brought industry and agriculture to their lands. After the war, Mohawk leaders John Deseronto and Joseph Brant met with British commander Sir Frederick Haldimand to discuss

2068-582: Was later arranged, but not carried out. Between 1795 and 1797, Joseph Brant sold 381,480 acres (1,543.8 km ) to land speculators; the property comprising the northern half of the reserve was sold for £85,332. This was the highest price paid to Haudenosaunee up to this time for undeveloped land. Governor Simcoe opposed the land sales. The interest on the annuity promised an income to the people of £5,119 per year, far more than any other Iroquois people had received. The land speculators were unable to sell farm-size lots to settlers fast enough. By 1801, however, all

2115-459: Was later sold. The ongoing Grand River land dispute is the result of disputes over the sale process. The current reserves encompass 184.7 km (71 sq mi), all but 0.4 km (100 acres) in Six Nations reserve No. 40. In the late 19th century, the Scottish doctor Joseph Bell excavated skulls of indigenous people in the six nations. These skulls reached Berlin through the mediation of

2162-400: Was needed. Colonists with loyalist views accounted for an estimated 15 per cent to 20 per cent of the white colonial population of the day, compared with those described as " Patriots ", who accounted for about 40–50 per cent of the population and the rest neutrals. This high level of political polarisation leads historians to argue that the American Revolution was as much a civil war as it was

2209-484: Was taught and many non-Indigenous teachers taught on the reserve, Indigenous influence on the board allowed for the hiring of many Six Nations teachers, many of them women as was and continues to be the case at the elementary level in Ontario. Teachers on the reserve also formed their own association for professional development, the Six Nations Teacher's Organization. Loyalists Loyalism , in

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