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90-528: Twitch Plays Pokémon ( TPP ) is a social experiment and channel on the video game live streaming website Twitch , consisting of a crowdsourced attempt to play Game Freak 's and Nintendo 's Pokémon video games by parsing commands sent by users through the channel's chat room . It holds the Guinness World Record for having "the most users to input a command to play a live streamed videogame" with 1,165,140 participants. The concept

180-432: A user scripts feature is enabled for registered users that allows them to install userscripts to augment editing and viewing of the encyclopedia's pages. A userscript manager is a type of browser extension and augmented browsing technology that provides a user interface to manage scripts. The main purpose of a userscript manager is to execute scripts on webpages as they are loaded. The most common operations performed by

270-562: A Pokémon is caught during a Pinball playthrough. Social experiment A social experiment is a method of psychological or sociological research that observes people's reactions to certain situations or events. The experiment depends on a particular social approach where the main source of information is the participants' point of view and knowledge. To carry out a social experiment, specialists usually split participants into two groups — active participants (people who take action in particular events) and respondents (people who react to

360-487: A Sunday, the players inadvertently released a dozen of the captured Pokémon, effectively deleting the creatures from the game, an event that later became known as "Bloody Sunday". The practice of nicknames continued into Crystal , which included a new Pidgeot nicknamed " Brian ", and a Feraligatr nicknamed "Lazorgator". Media outlets have described the proceedings of the game as being "mesmerizing," "miraculous," and "beautiful chaos," with one viewer comparing it to "watching

450-517: A button on the Game Boy Advance and sends an input to Pokémon Sapphire every second, echoing the idea that the mathematical constant pi is conjectured to be a normal number . A Helix Fossil emote with the shortcut "PraiseIt" was later made available as a Twitch chat emote in celebration of the original Pokémon Red run. On March 1, 2024, the official Pokémon Instagram account posted a video of various Omastar and Omanyte to commemorate

540-466: A car crash in slow motion." Ars Technica felt that it encapsulated "the best and worst qualities of our user-driven, novelty-hungry age," providing hours of arguable time-wasting entertainment through a word-of-mouth viral distribution. The stream has been compared to the infinite monkey theorem in that effectively random input to a game still ultimately comes out with forward progress in the game. Twitch vice president of marketing Matthew DiPietro praised

630-465: A company used the experiment to explore how they could make streaming more interactive for viewers and expand their offerings. Following the completion of Red , the broadcaster continued the channel with many other games in the Pokémon series along with unofficial ROM hacks . The broadcaster has plans to continue with other Pokémon games as long as there remains interest in the channel. The success of

720-764: A job than adults who did not attend preschool. The RAND Health Insurance Experiment was an experimental study of health care costs, utilization, and outcomes in the United States which assigned people randomly to different kinds of plans and followed their behavior from 1974 to 1982. As a result, it provided stronger evidence than studies that examine people afterward who were not randomly assigned. It concluded that cost-sharing reduced "inappropriate or unnecessary" medical care (over-utilization), but also reduced "appropriate or needed" medical care. It did not have enough statistical power to tell whether people who got less appropriate or needed care were more likely to die as

810-460: A live tally of moves that are shown within the stream. The Streamer chose Pokémon Red and Blue for the project, citing nostalgia for the early games, the fact that "Even when played very poorly it is difficult not to make progress in Pokémon ", and because its current control structure "[wouldn't] work with any genre that isn't a JRPG ", particularly targeting its "forgiving" turn-based structure and lack of reaction-based gameplay, compensating for

900-462: A puzzle in the Team Rocket hideout, a new mechanic was introduced in an effort to make the game easier to play, Democracy mode. On introduction it initially made all movements subject to a vote: all inputs received over a period of time (usually 30 seconds) were tallied, and the winning command would be executed at the end of that time. Users could also append numbers to their movements to specify

990-407: A reassessment of both the field of social psychology and the conducted experiments. While experimental methods were still employed, other methods gained popularity. Social experimentation has raised many ethical concerns, due to its manipulation of large population groups, often without the consent or knowledge of the subjects. In some instances, social experimentation has been staged unknowingly to

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1080-570: A result. Oportunidades is a government social assistance (welfare) program in Mexico founded in 2002, based on a previous program called Progresa created in 1997. It is designed to target poverty by providing cash payments to families in exchange for regular school attendance, health clinic visits, and nutrition support. Oportunidades is credited with decreasing poverty and improving health and educational attainment in regions where it has been deployed. Moving to Opportunity for Fair Housing

1170-409: A significant effect on the subjects even after the study was concluded. The Stanford marshmallow experiment was a study conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel on delayed gratification in the early 1970s. During the three studies, a child was offered a choice between one small reward provided immediately or two small rewards if they waited for a short period, approximately 15 minutes, during which

1260-436: A total of 55 million views during the experiment. On 5 December 2014, Twitch Plays Pokémon received a Game Award in the "Best Fan Creation" category. The experiment was met with attention by media outlets and staff members of Twitch for its interactivity, its erratic and chaotic nature, the unique challenges faced by players due to the mechanics of its system, and the community and memes developed by participants. Twitch as

1350-432: A userscript manager include downloading, creating, installing, organizing, deleting and editing scripts, as well as modifying script permissions (e.g. website exceptions). One aspect of userscripts is that they can be shared. They can be uploaded to a userscript repository where they become available to other users for downloading. Historically (circa 2005–2011) userscripts.org, created by American programmer Jesse Andrews,

1440-541: A wider audience and conduct experiments in open and diverse environments. In 2024, YouTuber Nicholas Perry, known as Nikocado Avacado revealed his weight gain was all part of a social experiment. User script A userscript (or user script ) is a program, usually written in JavaScript , for modifying web pages to augment browsing . Uses include adding shortcut buttons and keyboard shortcuts, controlling playback speeds, adding features to sites, and enhancing

1530-478: Is a cognitive error based on one's inclinations, beliefs, and social perception.   The halo effect is a well-documented social psychology discovery. It is the concept that a person's overall evaluations (e.g., she is pleasant) bleed over into judgments regarding their characteristics (e.g. she is intelligent). It's also known as the "beauty is good" notion or the "physical attractiveness" stereotype. The Milgram experiment, conducted by psychologist Stanley Milgram in

1620-406: Is done in a controlled environment such as a laboratory. An example of this is Stanley Milgram's obedience experiment in 1963. Social experiments began in the United States as a test of the negative income tax concept in the late 1960s and since then have been conducted on all the populated continents. During the 1970s, criticism of the ethics and accusations of gender and racial bias led to

1710-480: Is the short length of time that MTO families typically spent in lower-poverty neighborhoods; the positive effects of longer-term exposure to low-poverty neighborhoods appear more promising. The Stanford prison experiment was a study of the psychological effects of becoming a prisoner or prison guard. The experiment was conducted at Stanford University on 14–20 August 1971, by a team of researchers led by psychology professor Philip Zimbardo using college students. It

1800-670: The Amazon Lumberyard game engine that includes direct support for Twitch streaming to allow viewers to influence games via the associated chat, taking cues from the popularity of "Twitch Plays". Another homage, Fish Plays Pokémon , surfaced in August 2014 as part of a hackNY hackathon. The stream, which consists of a fishcam in which the position of a betta fish in a fish bowl is used to control Pokémon Red , peaked around 20,000 concurrent viewers. Yet another homage, called π Plays Pokémon , maps every digit between 0 and 9 to

1890-482: The Nintendo 3DS , brought changes to the stream's setup. As there was no PC-based emulator for the 3DS at the time, the stream was conducted on actual 3DS hardware using a hardware modification known as the 3DS Streaming Console with External Control Interface (3xtDS); developed by Reddit user dekuNukem, also known as Twitch_plays_3ds (who has also designed an automated rig for "chaining" and detecting "shiny" Pokémon ),

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1980-433: The browsing history . On desktop browsers such as Firefox, userscripts are enabled by use of a userscript manager browser extension such as Tampermonkey or Greasemonkey . The Presto-based Opera-supported userscripts (referred to as User JavaScript ) are placed in a designated directory. Userscripts are often referred to as Greasemonkey scripts, named after the original userscript manager for Firefox. On Misplaced Pages,

2070-424: The murder of Kitty Genovese outside her home, The New York Times stated that there were 38 witnesses who either saw or heard the fatal stabbing take place, and not a single person came to her aid. Although this number was proven to be exaggerated, this murder was coined "bystander apathy" by social psychologists Bibb Latané and John Darley in 1968. For their experiment, Latané and Darley tried to replicate

2160-479: The social networking website Reddit created by Josh Wardle , who went by powerlanguage , on 1 April 2015 ( April Fools' Day ) as an April Fools' prank. The experiment involved an online button and a 60-second countdown timer that would reset every time the button was pressed. Reddit users who created their account before 1 April had only one chance to press the button. During the experiment, Reddit users would split by colored circles based on when they pressed

2250-512: The "Streamer", consisting of an IRC bot written in Python and the Game Boy emulator VisualBoyAdvance . The script captures specific case-insensitive messages (directional commands, "B", "A", "select", and "start") sent into the stream's chat room by users, and sends them to the emulator as button input, thus controlling the game. An additional web app coded using JavaScript is used to display

2340-446: The 10th anniversary of the original run’s completion. TwitchPlaysPokémon played Pokémon Green and came in first. TwitchPlaysPaperMario played Pokémon Blue and came in second. TwitchPlaysSpeedruns played Pokémon Red and came in last. From Platinum to Black 2 , the stream showed a second game, Pokémon Stadium 2 , alongside the main game. Unlike other games, inputs for Stadium 2 were chosen at random and were not controlled by

2430-534: The 2017 experiment, it starts off as a blank 1000x1000 tile canvas with tiny white pixels , and Reddit users can place a colored tile once every five minutes. There were different types of artwork such as the Mona Lisa , band logos, video game logos, and multiple country flags, with the American flag being in the center. The experiment ended after 3 days with 16 million pixels and over a million users who edited

2520-505: The Bobo doll, another group would observe an adult with non-aggressive behaviors, and the last group would not be exposed to any behavior models. The study found the preschoolers exposed to aggressive behavior had imitated aggressiveness towards the doll, regardless of gender. The other two groups showed significantly less hostility towards the doll. The study had shown aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors were learned by observing others and had

2610-462: The Genovese slaying by having participants aware of each other but unable to communicate directly. Each participant was in a cubicle in contact with the other via a microphone; however, only one voice was allowed to speak at a time. A taped recording was played of a participant having an epileptic seizure. When the participant believed themselves to be alone they invariably attempted to find help. When

2700-692: The Twitch Plays Pokémon playthrough of Pokémon Red earlier. The developer stated that he intentionally changed the game data of Crystal to behave in this way, as it was Game Freak's original intent when creating the game that the player would face Red in Crystal using the Pokémon they had finished Red with. Crystal was beaten on 15 March, with more than 13 days of playtime. The developer stated that even though fewer viewers watched Pokémon Crystal compared to Pokémon Red , he will continue

2790-486: The Twitch channel can specify which game their command is for, but otherwise commands are issues alternating between the two games, and when the game's democratic mode is on, the command voted on is used in both games. As the experiment moved into its fifth year, having exhausted all the official Pokémon games, the channel began using more fan-created mods of the Pokémon games. In honor of running for six years straight,

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2880-477: The Wild , Pokémon Go (which used location spoofing to simulate the movement of a real person in response to viewers' commands), and Microsoft Flight Simulator . Similar Twitch Plays have been used for taking care of a virtual pet Tamagotchi , and installing Arch Linux onto a virtual machine through text commands entered one letter at a time. Inspired by this last application, another experimental "Stock Stream"

2970-503: The ability for viewers to bet on in-game fights using virtual Twitch currency, following a similar betting model used by Oxeye Game Systems for Cobalt . Telltale Games premiered a new "crowd play" feature for its adventure games starting with its 2016 Batman game, allowing stream viewers to vote on selected decisions within the game. In January 2016, Twitch created a specialized directory for various "Twitch Plays" streams, with their VP of Developer Success Kathy Astromoff stating that

3060-463: The account, was launched in January 2021 using Pokémon Red . The term "crowdplay" has been ascribed to similar games where the actions of the crowd directly influence the gameplay. tinyBuild used the "Twitch Plays" model to release Punch Club , holding back release of the game until either a preset date or completion of the game running via a public "Twitch Plays" stream. Punch Club later added

3150-429: The action). Throughout the experiment, specialists monitor participants to identify the effects and differences resulting from the experiment. A conclusion is then created based on the results. Intentional communities are generally considered social experiments. Social psychology offers insight into how individuals act in groups and how behavior is affected by social burdens and pressures. In most social experiments,

3240-706: The auto-kinetic movement demonstrated how mental evaluation norms were created by human beings. Sherif is equally famous for the Robbers Cave Experiments . This series of experiments, begun in Connecticut and concluded in Oklahoma, took boys from intact middle-class families, who were carefully screened to be psychologically normal, delivered them to a summer camp setting (with researchers doubling as counselors), and created social groups that came into conflict with each other. The Bobo doll experiment

3330-482: The button. If the button was pushed with 60 seconds on the timer, their circle would be purple, if it was pushed with 45 seconds, their circle would be blue, etc. If the user did not press the button, their circle would stay grey. These color-coded circles turned into factions as people of the same colored circles would come together and create their own subreddits, with the purple group being the largest group. This experiment went on for two months until 5 June 2015, when

3420-503: The canvas. In the 2022 experiment, it starts off with a blank 2000x2000 tile canvas and 16 new colors. There were turf wars during the experiment where people would change the logos. For example, changing the Genshin Impact logo to “Genshit.” The experiment ended after five days with nearly 72 million pixels and over 6 million users who edited the canvas. The use of digital platforms for social experiments has revolutionized

3510-529: The change to Crystal also came a change to the voting system; the Democracy mode was automatically activated at the top of each hour. By 14 March 2014, players had reached a major battle on Mt. Silver against Red, a trainer representing the player-character from Red and Blue ; however, the game was also modified so that Red's team would consist of the same Pokémon that were used to beat the Elite Four in

3600-457: The channel had over 17 million total views, and was averaging concurrent viewership between 60 and 70 thousand viewers with at least 10% participating. By then, the players had managed to catch 12 different species of Pokémon, and made it past the fourth gym. On the completion of Red , the channel had reached 36 million total views, with a peak concurrent viewership of 120,000, and an estimated 658,000 had participated. The Red stream

3690-515: The chat window to allow conversation. This was necessary for the players to progress as several areas of the game require coordinated actions to gain Pokémon with a specific skill needed to clear obstacles in Red's way, and earlier attempts without such coordination resulted in missing out on specific opportunities early on in the playthrough. In essence, the majority of players have attempted to counteract trolls trying to impede progress. A computer program

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3780-402: The chat. Instead, players on the chat were given virtual currency that could be used to place bets on the outcome of Stadium 2 matches. After Pokémon X concluded on 1 August 2014, a similar system was implemented, with Pokémon Battle Revolution taking the place of Stadium 2, as it added more features such as better graphics. This time, instead of inputs being entirely random, players who bet on

3870-401: The children receiving the program were much superior to the outcomes for the children not receiving the program. Many of the program effects were significant or approaching significance. At age 40, the participants were interviewed once more, and school, social services, and arrest records were pulled. The participants had higher-earning jobs, committed fewer crimes, and were more likely to hold

3960-498: The company has recognized the growth of similar experiments, and enabling such experiments to be easily found by its userbase. Further, in March 2016, Twitch announced a new "stream first" initiative to help developers create games that are aimed for integration of streaming and chat atop more traditional gameplay, basing the format on the prior success of Twitch Plays Pokemon streams. Amazon.com , which acquired Twitch in 2014, developed

4050-444: The current match could vote on which move would be used by their team each turn; the system would randomly choose one of the bettors' choices, but players who had placed higher bets had a higher chance of their move being chosen. The developer has created a modded version of Pokémon Battle Revolution known as Pokémon Battle Revolution 2.0 . It is meant to fix glitches and add various improvements such as additional battle arenas. During

4140-540: The earliest known social experiments, in which he found out that cyclists managed to ride a bike faster when racing against another person rather than racing against the clock. Norman found similar results, through another experiment, where he asked children to turn fishing reels both alone and with other children present. Field social experiments had proved to be efficient as they reflect real life due to their natural setting. The social experiments commonly referred to today were conducted decades later, in which an experiment

4230-500: The early 1960s, aimed to investigate obedience to authority figures. It involved three roles: the experimenter (the authority figure), the teacher (the participant), and the learner (an actor posing as a participant). The teacher was instructed to administer electric shocks to the learner for wrong answers, despite the learner's apparent distress. This experiment shed light on individuals' willingness to comply with authority, even when it contradicted their personal beliefs. The findings of

4320-423: The elaborate narrative and mythology that had built up around the playthrough. Following the completion of Pokémon Red , a new game began on 2 March 2014, this time with the second generation game Pokémon Crystal . The developer set a deadline for the completion of Crystal with the plan to start Pokémon Emerald on a fixed date, though the players were able to complete Crystal well before this point. With

4410-453: The experiment led to a number of similar Twitch-based streams for other games, and led Twitch to promote more streams with similar interactivity with watchers. Inspired by another Twitch-based interactive game, Salty Bet (a website where users can wager on the outcome of randomized M.U.G.E.N. matches), and described as a social experiment , the system used by the stream was coded by an anonymous Australian programmer, colloquially known as

4500-403: The experiment revealed that a significant portion of participants continued to administer shocks despite their discomfort, showcasing the power of authority in influencing human behavior. The Milgram experiment's ethical considerations and criticism centered on its psychological impact on participants. It raised concerns about the potential emotional stress inflicted on the individuals involved in

4590-406: The extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person to conform. Asch took 50 people from the college to participate in a vision test. They were paired up with 7 other people who they believed to be random, but instead were part of a control group who would choose the same answers. The real participant would give his or her answers last. Out of the 18 trials, the group gave

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4680-517: The future." Twitch Plays Pokémon has also inspired imitators with other video games, such as Pokémon Blue , QWOP , Tetris (including one which used the actual command inputs from the original Twitch Plays Pokémon stream), Street Fighter II , Halo: Combat Evolved (itself made significantly difficult by its nature as a first-person shooter ), Metal Gear: Ghost Babel , Dark Souls , Fallout 3 , PlayerUnknown's Battlegrounds , Teamfight Tactics , The Legend of Zelda: Breath of

4770-504: The game involving mazes and ledges (areas with the latter taking as long as several hours to navigate due to users intentionally sending "down" commands to jump off the ledges), the accidental release (permanent deletion) of several Pokémon (including an incident referred to as "Bloody Sunday," where a total of twelve Pokémon were accidentally released whilst trying to obtain a Zapdos from the PC), and users repeatedly sending "start" commands to open

4860-471: The game longer and harder to play than under normal circumstances; an Ars Technica writer commented that "( Red ) gets stuck in corners. He walks in circles, compulsively checking his Pokédex and saving over and over again. Commands stream in from the chat channel faster than the game can possibly process them, making progress difficult-to-impossible even without the lag factor or the 'help' of gleeful trolls." Recurring difficulties have occurred with areas of

4950-475: The gameplay have also gained fan followings. Two Pokémon that were obtained early in the game, and then later accidentally released were the Charmeleon and Rattata , "ABBBBBBK(" and "JLVWNNOOOO", further nicknamed "Abby" and " Jay Leno ". The team's Pidgeot , one of the highest level Pokémon in the group and often successful in battles, was named "Bird Jesus" by the community; concurrently, the team's Zapdos

5040-546: The group was right. The Hawthorne experiment took place in 1924 in the city of Chicago. Elton Mayo is widely known as the person behind the project. However, his involvement started in 1928 after he was invited by George Pennock, the assistant works manager for the Hawthorne plant of Western Electric. During the experiment, workers were separated into two groups to study the effects of different incentives on their productivity. Different variations were tested, such as changing

5130-406: The halo error, refers to a type of cognitive bias in which we perceive people as better due to their other related traits.  A typical halo effect example is the attractiveness stereotype, which refers to ascribing positive qualities to physically attractive people. Often, attractive individuals are believed to have lower mortality rates, better mental health, and higher intelligence. However, this

5220-422: The infrastructure's scalability . The developer himself said, "I didn't think it was going to be this popular, I thought it would gain only a small group of dedicated viewers and many others would check it out briefly before moving on to other things. It's overwhelming how popular it has become." An active community of players also emerged on communities and social networks such as Reddit , which have liveblogged

5310-527: The interim, the stream showed Harvest Moon GB , Pokkén Tournament , EarthBound , Robopon Sun , and save states of the first four runs in reverse order. In addition, an extra game is showcased to the side of any game currently being played. This game is a romhack of Pokémon Pinball dubbed simply Pokémon Pinball Generations , which adds two new boards based on the second generation of Pokémon. As such, all Pokémon from Generation II are now obtainable in-game, and Pokémon badges are awarded randomly when

5400-461: The large amount of input lag between the game and the stream. The Streamer used an edited version of the game, which claims to make all the original 151 Pokémon accessible, in hopes of making completion of the Pokédex a possibility. However, the edited version used was unfinished and has no gameplay differences when compared to the original game. The erratic nature of the control scheme has made

5490-464: The length of the motion, such as "right3" to mean three consecutive "right" inputs. Many people were outraged over this new system and protest broke out in the Twitch chat, many of them using the command "start9" (which would open and close the pause menu nine times to slow down progress) to fight the system. This became known as "The start9 protests." The broadcaster later reworked the mechanic so that users could vote to switch between two modes: "Anarchy",

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5580-506: The light levels in the rooms. Other, more obvious incentives, such as monetary incentives and rest pauses, were also tested and seemed to show positive results. Several conclusions were made after the experiments finished: The halo effect was first developed and empirically examined by an American psychologist named Edward Thorndike in his 1920 piece "A Constant Error in Psychological Ratings". The halo effect, also called

5670-475: The mentality that if nobody else is helping, then I am not needed as well. Research on bystander apathy by psychologist Kyle Thomas et al. found that people's decisions to help are influenced by their level of knowledge. While the diffusion of responsibility and pluralistic ignorance are factors, the researchers found that bystanders also consider what they know about other bystanders and the situation before getting involved. The HighScope Perry Preschool Project

5760-551: The mod allows direct control of inputs on the device via a USB -based interface, and added the video output required for capturing the screens' content. The change to native hardware also allowed the stream to use the Wi-Fi capabilities of the device; other players of Pokémon X and Y could directly interact with the stream's player via Nintendo Network and the game's internet-enabled features, such as online battles, trades , and O-Powers. Following its release, Pokémon Omega Ruby

5850-404: The participant believed others were around the speed and frequency of response declined significantly. The authors concluded that situational factors play an influential role in bystander apathy. People are less likely to help in an emergency if other people are present. Two reasons were offered by Latané and Darley: first is the diffusion of responsibility , and second is pluralistic ignorance or

5940-451: The pause menu, often followed by opening the character's inventory to select random items. A system to throttle inputs on the Start button was added to mitigate this particular effect. Despite the seemingly erratic process of playing the game, players have attempted to collaborate and strategize through various means, including infographics and a user script which hides command messages from

6030-421: The previous default, and this new mode "Democracy." However, a change to Democracy mode requires a supermajority vote, while a change to Anarchy mode requires only a majority vote, as indicated by an on-screen meter. This change was considered divisive by players, who believed that Democracy mode conflicted with the original concept of the stream and eliminated the potential for randomness which had helped to drive

6120-471: The proceedings and developed memes and other works around occurrences in the game. One item in Red's inventory from the start of the game was the Helix Fossil, which was used later in the game to revive Omanyte , but is otherwise functionless. The Helix Fossil was selected so frequently that it became an inside joke among players, and at times humorously calling it a deity which the player-character

6210-452: The stream ran a gauntlet of six games in a row. Launched on 12 February 2014 as a " proof of concept ", the stream was relatively inactive for the first day and a half of playing. However, the stream quickly went viral after that, reaching a total viewership of around 175,000 by 14 February (when players managed to beat the first of eight Gym leaders ). By 17 February, the channel had reached over 6.5 million total views. By 20 February,

6300-400: The stream with other Pokémon games as long as there remains interest in the experiment. Pokémon Emerald was started on 21 March 2014. With the shift to Emerald, the Democracy mode was initially disabled entirely. Emerald was repeatedly restarted due to its soft reset ability, but was later fixed by the broadcaster. The shift to Pokémon X —the 1st installment in the franchise for

6390-410: The stream, considering it "one more example of how video games have become a platform for entertainment and creativity that extends WAY beyond the original intent of the game creator. By merging a video game, live video and a participatory experience, the broadcaster has created an entertainment hybrid custom made for the Twitch community. This is a wonderful proof of concept that we hope to see more of in

6480-414: The study. This study significantly contributed to understanding obedience to authority and human behavior in social contexts. Its impact extended beyond psychology, influencing various fields like ethics, sociology, and behavioral studies. The experiment's implications and ethical considerations continue to spark discussions in the academic and social spheres. The Button was an online social experiment on

6570-416: The subjects are unaware that they are partaking in an experiment as to prevent bias; however, this may bring ethical issues (see ethics section). Several "actors" or "plants" are used to study social behaviors . Companies have also used social experiments to collect consumer data and their opinions about a product or a particular topic. In 1895, American psychologist Norman Triplett constructed one of

6660-493: The tester left the room and then returned. (The reward was sometimes a marshmallow, but often a cookie or a pretzel.) In follow-up studies, the researchers found that children who were able to wait longer for the preferred rewards tended to have better life outcomes, as measured by SAT scores, educational attainment, body mass index (BMI) , and other life measures. The Asch experiment took place at Swarthmore College in 1951. Solomon Asch conducted an experiment to investigate

6750-605: The timer went down to zero. A Reddit user named mncke created an automated bot that would use “zombie” accounts to press the Button so the Button would go on forever. But when one of the “zombie's” accounts was created after 1 April, nothing happened when it tried to press the Button, and the Button ticked down to zero. r/Place was an online social experiment on the social networking website Reddit created by Josh Wardle , who went by powerlanguage , that first began on April Fools' Day 2017 and rebooted on April Fools' Day 2022. In

6840-526: The viewer to promote the image of the individual or for the pure purpose of generating controversy. Researchers also believed that the impact of Informal Social Experiments via social media videos may have negative consequences on formal social marketing research as well as the society in general, detailing that while Informal Social Experiments address moral and social issues such as child safety, self-confidence , etc., producers of these social experiments might do it for their gain and benefits. Based on

6930-473: The way researchers conduct studies and gather data. These platforms provide a versatile and accessible means of reaching a broader audience, enabling the performance of social experiments beyond the constraints of traditional laboratory settings. For example, the Citizen Social Lab platform combines human behavioral experiments with a citizen science approach, allowing researchers to bring science to

7020-446: The wrong answers 12 times. 75% of the participants conformed once or more, and the remaining 25% never conformed to the group's wrong answers. Participants were interviewed after the experiment, and although they knew the answers were wrong, they conformed to not be ridiculed by the group. A few individuals said they thought the group's answers were correct. Asch concluded that people conformed because they either wanted to fit in or thought

7110-597: Was a randomized social experiment sponsored by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development in the 1990s among 4600 low-income families with children living in high-poverty public housing projects . The program was designed based on the assumption that households benefit from living in higher-opportunity neighborhoods. Early evaluations of the MTO program, however, showed minimal gains for participant families. One explanation for these findings

7200-434: Was a study carried out by Albert Bandura who was a professor at Stanford University. It focused on the study of aggression using three groups of preschoolers as the subjects. Bandura took inflatable plastic toys called Bobo dolls and weighted them down to always stand upright. The preschoolers were divided into three groups by gender, and then into six subgroups. One of the groups would observe an adult act aggressively towards

7290-483: Was also played in the stream. In honour of the one-year anniversary of the original run, a new playing of Pokémon Red began in February 2015. The goal was to complete the game's main storyline and to catch all 151 Pokémon, the latter which they did in around 39 days. To celebrate the project's fourth anniversary, the channel started a new playthrough of both Pokémon Red and Pokémon Blue simultaneously. Players in

7380-514: Was constantly consulting for advice, and it quickly became the players' "religion". Players went as far as treating the fossil as a symbol representing a sect which supports Anarchy mode, while treating its counterpart, the Dome Fossil (which revives Kabuto ), as a deity to those who support Democracy mode. Fans published "bibles" for the Helix religion. Certain Pokémon captured by Red during

7470-472: Was developed by an anonymous Australian programmer and launched on 12 February 2014, starting with the game Pokémon Red . The stream became unexpectedly popular, reaching an average concurrent viewership of over 80,000 viewers (with at least 10% participating). On 1 March 2014, the game was completed after more than 16 continuous days of gameplay; Twitch estimated that over 1.16 million people participated, with peak simultaneous participation at 121,000, and with

7560-410: Was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial of 123 children (58 were randomly assigned to a treatment group that received the program and a control group of 65 children that did not receive the program). Prior to the program, the preschool and control groups were equivalent in measures of intellectual performance and demographic characteristics. After the program, the educational and life outcomes for

7650-570: Was even created to automatically identify these trolls. The Streamer has since collaborated with others to continue preparing tools for the games for the Twitch channel. This group had added live commentary on the games as they were played. As a result of intra-group hostility from some of the collaborators, the Streamer stepped down from his role as lead for Twitch Plays Pokémon on 22 November 2017, and gave control to another collaborator. On 18 February 2014, after encountering major difficulties with

7740-502: Was eventually recognized by the Guinness World Records for having "the most users to input a command to play a live streamed videogame" with 1,165,140. The large amount of activity on the stream resulted in "enormous (and unforeseen) stress" on Twitch's chat system, requiring the site's engineers to move the stream's chat to a higher-capacity server normally used during major e-sports events, while working on improving

7830-527: Was funded by the U.S. Office of Naval Research and was of interest to both the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps as an investigation into the causes of conflict between military guards and prisoners. The experiment is a study on the psychology of imprisonment and is a topic covered in most introductory psychology textbooks. Sherif was a founder of modern social psychology who developed several techniques for understanding social processes, particularly social norms, and social conflict. Sherif's experimental study of

7920-467: Was nicknamed "AA-j" but referred to as "Archangel of Justice" or "Anarchy Bird". Their Flareon was dubbed the "False Prophet", as players had accidentally obtained it instead of Vaporeon , which was needed so they could teach it the "Surf" move needed to travel on water, and it had later caused the release of the Charmeleon and Rattata. During the eleventh day of the event (23 February), which fell on

8010-580: Was started in May 2017 to allow Twitch viewers to vote every five minutes on the trading of stocks on the New York Stock Exchange from an initial $ 50,000 fund provided by the stream's developer, placing some rules to avoid triggering any financial regulations. A similar approach using Twitter , with the Twitter's user icon serving as the game's output and user commands taken from tweets sent to

8100-399: Was the largest such repository for userscripts. Over time, the site was transitioned between various maintainers before it went offline completely in May 2014. All that remains is a mirror, which is useful for archival purposes. A handful of the most active contributors in the userscripts.org community created OpenUserJS , which is actively in use today. Also available is Greasy Fork ,

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