Science fiction first appeared in television programming in the late 1930s, during what is called the Golden Age of Science Fiction . Special effects and other production techniques allow creators to present a living visual image of an imaginary world not limited by the constraints of reality.
146-415: Star Trek: Discovery is an American science fiction television series created by Bryan Fuller and Alex Kurtzman for the streaming service CBS All Access (later rebranded as Paramount+ ). It is the seventh Star Trek series and was released from 2017 to 2024. The series follows the crew of the starship Discovery beginning a decade before Star Trek: The Original Series in the 23rd century. At
292-423: A 91% approval score for the third season, with an average rating of 7.7/10 based on 35 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "With less canonical baggage and a welcome dose of character development, Discovery continues to forge its own path and is narratively all the better for it." Metacritic assigned a score of 75 out of 100 based on reviews from 8 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". For
438-827: A Man ", where Captain Jean-Luc Picard successfully defends Data's right to resign from Starfleet in a trial of his sentience, which extends the right not to work to robots alongside all other sentient beings following the in-universe year 42523.7 (2365 AD.). In 2020, Screen Rant noted the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode " First Contact " for exploring the United Federation of Planets and how it sometimes struggles with contact with aliens. Like many things in Star Trek , episodes and films may reference entities or laws within
584-487: A character on that show was rumored to be coming out as gay. Fuller discussed the series' casting with Mae Jemison , the first black woman in space who made a cameo appearance in an episode of The Next Generation . He anticipated casting announcements in October, but none had been made by the end of that month. The majority of the series main characters were believed to have been cast by then, but no actress had been cast for
730-452: A cleanliness to the storytelling". Fuller had publicly called for Star Trek to return to television for years, particularly because of its impact on minority groups, as he explained, "I couldn't stop thinking about how many black people were inspired by seeing Nichelle Nichols on the bridge of a ship. I couldn't stop thinking about how many Asian people were inspired by seeing George Takei and feeling that gave them hope for their place in
876-528: A female superhero, wears traditional folkloric clothes and tries to save traditional elements of Dutch society against the factory owners. Italian TV shows include A come Andromeda (1972) which was a remake of 1962 BBC serial, A for Andromeda (from the novels of Hoyle and Elliott), Geminus (1968), Il segno del comando (1971), Gamma (1974) and La traccia verde (1975). French series are Highlander: The Series , French science-fiction/fantasy television series (both co-produced with Canada) and
1022-453: A group of Dutch space explorers and their adventures, De duivelsgrot (The devil's cave), broadcast from 1963 to 1964, about a scientist who finds the map of a cave that leads to the center of the Earth and Treinreis naar de Toekomst (Train journey to the future) about two young children who are taken to the future by robots who try to recreate humanity, but are unable to give the cloned humans
1168-611: A growing number of followers. The British series, Doctor Who , has similarly attracted a devoted following. In the late 1990s, a market for celebrity autographs emerged on eBay , which created a new source of income for actors, who began to charge money for autographs that they had previously been doing for free. This became significant enough that lesser-known actors would come to conventions without requesting any appearance fee, simply to be allowed to sell their own autographs (commonly on publicity photos). Today most events with actor appearances are organized by commercial promoters, though
1314-474: A large amount of superhero -themed animation, much of this adapted from comics series, while the impossible characters and settings allowed in animation made this a preferred medium for both fantasy and for series aimed at young audiences. Originally, animation was all hand-drawn by artists, though in the 1980s, beginning with Captain Power , computers began to automate the task of creating repeated images; by
1460-630: A man who becomes trapped in a telephone booth, while passersby seem unable to help him, won the 1973 International Emmy Award for Fiction. The series Plutón B.R.B. Nero (2008) was a brutal SF comedy by Álex de la Iglesia , in the line of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy , Red Dwarf , or Doctor Who , with 26 episodes of 35 minutes. Other series of the 2010s were Los protegidos (2010-2012), El barco (2011-2013), and El internado (2007-2010), all three inspired by North American productions, with minor SF elements. The latest success
1606-632: A new Star Trek television series would premiere in January 2017, "on the heels" of the 50th anniversary of Star Trek: The Original Series in 2016. This was the first Star Trek series since Star Trek: Enterprise concluded in 2005, and the first series to be developed specifically for the CBS All Access streaming service. Alex Kurtzman , co-writer of the films Star Trek (2009) and Star Trek Into Darkness (2013), and Heather Kadin were set as executive producers. The January 2017 date
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#17327725937631752-469: A number of fan-run conventions still exist, such as Toronto Trek and Shore Leave . The 1985 series Robotech is most often credited as the catalyst for the Western interest in anime. The series inspired a few fanzines such as Protoculture Addicts and Animag both of which in turn promoted interest in the wide world of anime in general. Anime's first notable appearance at SF or comic book conventions
1898-428: A number of smaller fiction/fantasy television series, including Tang in 1971, about a secret organization that attempts to control the world with a new super weapon, "Les atomistes" and 1970 miniseries "La brigade des maléfices". Another French-produced science fiction series was the new age animated series Il était une fois... l'espace (English: Once upon a time...space ). Anime-influenced animation includes
2044-503: A pyrotechnic during filming, and then an optical glowing line added to the film image in post-production. Stunts are another important category of physical effects. In general, all kinds of special effects must be carefully planned during pre-production . Babylon 5 was the first series to use computer-generated imagery , or "CGI", for all exterior space scenes, even those with characters in space suits. The technology has made this more practical, so that today models are rarely used. In
2190-465: A quest that sends this particular crew off in rousing fashion." In June 2020, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar named Star Trek: Discovery as one of the six best "morale-boosting TV dramas for people of color" for being the most consciously diverse Star Trek series and for featuring people of color as role models. The second, third, and fourth seasons all received the ReFrame Stamp , which is awarded by
2336-400: A road map for a second season and the beginnings of one for a third. It was also revealed that an average episode of the first season had cost US$ 8–8.5 million, making it one of the most expensive television series ever made. This exceeded the original Netflix deal, but CBS still considered the series paid for due to the number of new CBS All Access subscribers that it was expected to draw. After
2482-639: A science fiction television series based upon Zoran Živković's story, winner of a World Fantasy Award . Návštěvníci (The Visitors) was a Czechoslovak (and Federal German, Swiss and French) TV series produced in 1981 to 1983. The family show aired in a larger number of European countries. For a list of notable science fiction series and programs on television, see: List of science fiction television programs . People who have influenced science fiction on television include: [REDACTED] Media related to Science fiction television programmes at Wikimedia Commons United Federation of Planets In
2628-418: A season moving forward. A month later, Fuller announced the series' title, Star Trek: Discovery , and revealed that it would be set in the "Prime Timeline" which includes the previous Star Trek series but not the modern reboot films such as Star Trek , Into Darkness , and Star Trek Beyond (2016). This was to keep the concurrent series and films separate, so "we don't have to track anything [happening in
2774-400: A series of French-Japanese cartoons / anime , including such titles as Ulysses 31 (1981), The Mysterious Cities of Gold (1982), and Ōban Star-Racers (2006). The first Spanish SF series was Diego Valor , a 22 episode TV adaption of a radio show hero of the same name based on Dan Dare , aired weekly between 1958 and 1959. Nothing was survived of this series, not a single still; it
2920-462: A soul. All three of these television series were aimed mostly at children. Later television series were Professor Vreemdeling (1977) about a strange professor who wants to make plants speak and Zeeuws Meisje [ nl ] (1997) a nationalistic post-apocalyptic series where the Netherlands has been built full of housing and the highways are filled with traffic jams. The protagonist,
3066-492: A staggering array of models; the USS Enterprise had to be built in several different scales for different needs. Models fell out of use in filming in the 1990s as CGI became more affordable and practical, but even today, designers sometimes construct scale models which are then digitized for use in animation software. Models of characters are puppets . Gerry Anderson created a series of shows using puppets living in
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#17327725937633212-437: A supporting producer similar to the role he held on Fringe alongside Kurtzman. CBS said they were still happy with Fuller's creative direction for the series, but some elements that came from him, including designs and "more heavily allegorical and complex story" points, were soon dropped. Fuller later confirmed that he was no longer involved with the series. With production set to begin in January 2017, "careful deliberation"
3358-527: A tie-in for the game Star Trek Online was announced titled Age of Discovery . Set during the first season of the series, the event introduces a story set on the USS Glenn and includes the character Sylvia Tilly. Wiseman returned to voice the character. Other elements inspired by the series included new starship and Klingon designs. In January 2020, Martin-Green was set to voice Burnham for Star Trek Online ' s "Legacy" expansion celebrating 10 years of
3504-415: A tie-in then the series would take priority. By August 2017, hours of Discovery -based content was set to be added to the video game Star Trek Timelines , including introducing Michael Burnham and Saru as new crew members for the game and new ships from the show, Federation and otherwise. A month-long "Mega-Event" based on the series was run in the game to coincide with the series' premiere. In July 2018,
3650-590: A time in Trek that's never been seen before". Fuller compared this to what American Horror Story did for horror, and described the proposal as a platform for "a universe of Trek shows". CBS instead suggested he create a single serialized series to see how that performed. Fuller began further developing the concept of a prequel to The Original Series . He announced in June 2016 that the first season would consist of 13 episodes, though he would prefer to produce 10 episodes
3796-553: A universe of models and miniature sets, notably Thunderbirds . ALF depicted an alien living in a family, while Farscape included two puppets as regular characters. In Stargate SG-1 , the Asgard characters are puppets in scenes where they are sitting, standing, or lying down. In Mystery Science Theater 3000 , the characters of Crow T. Robot and Tom Servo , two of the show's main (and most iconic) characters, are puppets constructed from random household items. As animation
3942-534: A vast interstellar alliance founded on the enlightened principles of liberty, equality, justice, progress, and peaceful co-existence, as an idealistic version of the United Nations . The optimistic view of the future present in the Federation has been highlighted as unique among most science fiction , showing how "evolved" and "civilized" the future could conceivably be. Much debate has centered on how
4088-505: Is El ministerio del tiempo ( The ministry of time ), premiered on February 24, 2015 on TVE 's main channel La 1 . The series follows the exploits of a patrol of the fictional Ministry of Time, which deals with incidents caused by time travel. It has garnered several national prizes in 2015, like the Ondas Prize , and has a thick following on-line, called los ministéricos . Serbia produced The Collector ( Sakupljač ),
4234-638: Is a Kelpien, an alien race created for the series, while Stamets is the first Star Trek character to be conceived and announced as gay. Sonequa Martin-Green was cast in the lead role in December, when Shazad Latif was cast as the Klingon Kol. In March 2017, Jason Isaacs was cast as Captain Lorca of the USS Discovery , and Mary Wiseman joined as Tilly, a cadet. In April, Martin-Green's casting
4380-451: Is also capable of considerable military might. Section 31 is a paramilitary espionage agency, described by writer Ira Steven Behr as "...doing the nasty stuff that no one wants to think about.". The Federation is depicted as a democratic republic, led by a President based in Paris on Earth. Presidential powers include issuing pardons and declaring states of emergency. This president
4526-577: Is based at Kurtzman's Secret Hideout offices in Santa Monica . The titular ship was named after Discovery One from 2001: A Space Odyssey , NASA 's Space Shuttle Discovery , and "the sense of discovery... what [that] means to Star Trek audiences who have been promised a future by Gene Roddenberry where we come together as a planet and seek new worlds and new alien races to explore and understand". Fuller wanted to differentiate Discovery from previous Star Trek series by taking advantage of
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4672-469: Is completely free of the constraints of gravity, momentum, and physical reality, it is an ideal technique for science fiction and fantasy on television. In a sense, virtually all animated series allow characters and objects to perform in unrealistic ways, so they are almost all considered to fit within the broadest category of speculative fiction (in the context of awards, criticism, marketing, etc.) The artistic affinity of animation to comic books has led to
4818-438: Is not known if the show was even recorded or just a live broadcast. The 60s were dominated by Chicho Ibáñez Serrador and Narciso Ibáñez Menta , who adapted SF works from Golden Age authors and others to a series titled Mañana puede ser verdad . Only 11 episodes were filmed. The 70s saw three important television films, Los pajaritos (1974), La Gioconda está triste (1977), and La cabina (1972), this last one, about
4964-681: Is not required for admission, but is desirable. Most Starfleet personnel are Federation citizens. Non-citizens can join Starfleet, but the process is more difficult, as with all non-Federation races. The Federation's counterpart in the Mirror Universe is the Terran Empire, a human-dominated authoritarian state which has formed an empire by conquest. In the Short Treks episode "Calypso", taking place at an unknown time in
5110-404: Is on screen at once. In general, science fiction series are subject to the same financial constraints as other television shows. However, high production costs increase the financial risk, while limited audiences further complicate the business case for continuing production. Star Trek was the first television series to cost more than $ 100,000 per episode, while Star Trek: The Next Generation
5256-604: Is supported by a cabinet . The Federation also has a supreme court and a legislature, the Federation Council, with delegates from its various member worlds. A constitution and a charter have both been referred to as founding documents of the Federation. Several planets are shown to desire Federation membership. Joining the Federation is a complicated process, and requires meeting various criteria. Disqualifying criteria include caste -based discrimination and violations of sentient rights. A single, unified government
5402-420: Is the optimistic view of the future... Once you lose that, you lose the essence of what Star Trek is. [The question] is how do you preserve and protect what Starfleet is in the weight of a challenge like war and the things that have to be done in war?" —Executive producer Alex Kurtzman on the balance between the ideals of the Star Trek franchise and the darker tone of Discovery The series' writers room
5548-511: Is the primary visual effects vendor for the series, with other vendors including Spin VFX, Ghost VFX, Mackevision, Crafty Apes , DNEG , The Mill , and FX3X, as well as visual effects supervisor Jason Zimmerman's in-house team at CBS Studios. Visual effects shots for each episode on Discovery typically take eight-to-ten months to complete, and include fully digital environments such as the shuttle bay of Discovery , digital extensions of sets, shots of
5694-527: The Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Later series made in the 1960s included The Interpretaris (1966) Vega 4 (1967), and Phoenix Five (1970). The country's best known Science Fiction series was Farscape ; an American co-production, it ran from 1999 to 2003. A significant proportion of Australian produced Science Fiction programmes are made for the teens/young Adults market, including The Girl from Tomorrow ,
5840-513: The Discovery and other starships, digital creatures, holograms, and 32nd century technology such as programmable matter. Several composers auditioned for the series, including Charles Henri Avelange, and Fil Eisler whose audition music was used for the series' first teaser. Cliff Eidelman and Austin Wintory were also considered for the role, before Jeff Russo was announced as composer for
5986-606: The StageCraft system that was developed for the Disney+ series The Mandalorian . The new virtual set was built in Toronto by visual effects company Pixomondo , and features a 270-degree, 70 feet (21 m) by 30 feet (9.1 m) horseshoe-shaped LED volume with additional LED panels in the ceiling to aid with lighting. The technology uses the game engine software Unreal Engine to display computer-generated backgrounds on
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6132-424: The Star Trek franchise 's central themes. The Federation is an organization of numerous planetary sovereignties, including Earth and Vulcan . The franchise focuses on Starfleet, the exploration and defense arm of the Federation, rather than the government. Viewers are rarely given details of the internal workings of the government; however, many episodes refer to the rules and laws that the Federation imposes on
6278-729: The Super Robots such as Mitsuteru Yokoyama 's Tetsujin 28-go ( Gigantor ) and Go Nagai 's Mazinger Z , and the Real Robots such as Yoshiyuki Tomino 's Gundam series and Shōji Kawamori 's Macross series. Other primary aspects of Japanese science fiction television are the superhero tokusatsu (a term literally meaning special effects ) series, pioneered by programs such as Moonlight Mask and Planet Prince . The suitmation technique has been used in long running franchises include Eiji Tsuburaya 's Ultra Series , Shotaro Ishinomori 's Kamen Rider Series , and
6424-619: The Super Sentai Series. In addition, several dramas utilize science fiction elements as framing devices, but are not labeled as "tokusatsu" as they do not utilize actors in full body suits and other special effects. Among the notable German language productions are: Danish television broadcast the children's TV-series Crash in 1984 about a boy who finds out that his room is a space ship. Early Dutch television series were Morgen gebeurt het [ nl ] (Tomorrow it will happen), broadcast from 1957 to 1959, about
6570-518: The fictional universe of Star Trek , the United Federation of Planets ( UFP ) is the interstellar government with which, as part of its space force Starfleet , most of the characters and starships of the franchise are affiliated. Commonly referred to as " the Federation ", it was introduced in the original Star Trek television series . The survival, success, and growth of the Federation and its principles of freedom have become some of
6716-640: The first season . Berg and Harberts were fired by CBS during production on the second season. Kurtzman took over as showrunner and was joined by Michelle Paradise starting with the third season . Discovery features more serialized storytelling than previous Star Trek series but became more episodic in later seasons. Filming took place at Pinewood Toronto Studios in Toronto, Canada , and existing franchise designs were reinvented with modern techniques and visual effects. Star Trek: Discovery premiered on September 24, 2017, on CBS and CBS All Access. The rest of
6862-634: The materialist application of a post-scarcity economy in the Federation is incompatible with its own idealist ethics. It has been described, along with the series as a whole, as a vehicle to explore what it means to be human, as well as exploring mankind's efforts to build a better society. Other writers have noted that Star Trek ' s Federation has the same logistical and philosophical difficulties of other utopian economic and political schemes that make it seem unrealistic. However, Star Trek has brought up this idea of slavery or coerced service labor being necessary for its utopian society in " The Measure of
7008-461: The "Burn" in the third season. Burnham is promoted to captain of Discovery at the end of the season, and in the fourth season the crew helps rebuild the Federation while facing a space anomaly created by unknown aliens that causes destruction across the galaxy. In the fifth season, the Discovery goes on a galactic adventure to find a mysterious ancient power that other dangerous groups are also searching for. On November 2, 2015, CBS announced that
7154-493: The 15-episode first season was released weekly on All Access until February 2018. The 14-episode second season was released on All Access from January to April 2019, and the 13-episode third season ran from October 2020 to January 2021. The 13-episode fourth season was released on Paramount+ from November 2021 to March 2022, and the 10-episode fifth and final season was released from April to May 2024. The series' release led to record subscriptions for CBS All Access and it became
7300-594: The 1950s". Doctor Who , which launched in 1963 and ran until 1989, then was revived in 2005, was listed in the Guinness World Records in 2006 as the longest-running science fiction television show in the world and as the "most successful" science fiction series of all time. Other cult British series in the science fiction genre include The Tomorrow People , Space: 1999 , Blake's 7 , Star Cops and Red Dwarf . Science fiction in Canada
7446-425: The 1990s, CGI required expensive processors and customized applications, but by the 2000s (decade), computing power has pushed capabilities down to personal laptops running a wide array of software. Models have been an essential tool in science fiction television since the beginning, when Buck Rogers took flight in spark-scattering spaceships wheeling across a matte backdrop sky. The original Star Trek required
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#17327725937637592-604: The 1990s, hand-drawn animation became defunct. In recent years as technology has improved, this has become more common, notably since the development of the Massive software application permits producers to include hordes of non-human characters to storm a city or space station. The robotic Cylons in the new version of Battlestar Galactica are usually animated characters, while the Asgard in Stargate SG-1 are animated when they are shown walking around or more than one
7738-579: The Federation (in 2373) as being made up of "over one hundred and fifty" planets, spread across 8,000 light-years. The Federation is a major galactic power, and at various times has been at war with other powers such as the Klingons , the Romulans and the Dominion . The Federation's space force is called Starfleet , and, although most of Star Trek depicts peaceful exploration of the galaxy, Starfleet
7884-493: The Federation had undergone a near-total collapse precipitated by "The Burn", a galaxy-wide disaster. This shrunk the Federation from a peak of 350 worlds to just 38, notably excluding both Earth and Ni'Var (formerly known as Vulcan). During the fourth season, the Federation is in the process of rebuilding itself; Starfleet Academy is reopened, new shipbuilding facilities are commissioned, and many former member worlds such as Trill, Ni'Var and Earth rejoin. In non- canon sources like
8030-409: The Federation, but viewers are never given a broad view of its inner workings. Many contemporary terms are assigned to the Federation, but parallels to current government bodies and their roles and responsibilities are pure speculation on the part of fans and critics. In the timeline of Star Trek , the Federation was founded in 2161, after the events of Star Trek: Enterprise but before those of
8176-468: The Klingon war. In the second season they investigate seven mysterious signals and a strange figure known as the "Red Angel", and fight off a rogue artificial intelligence . This conflict ends with the Discovery traveling to the 32nd century, more than 900 years into their future. The USS Discovery finds the Federation fragmented in the future, and investigates the cause of a cataclysmic event known as
8322-643: The LED screens in real-time during filming. Visual effects supervisor Jason Zimmerman noted that this was especially useful for creating the planets that are visited in the series since location shooting was limited on the fourth season by the COVID-19 pandemic. Visual effects producers were hired to begin work on the series during the initial writing period, with Fuller explaining that they wanted to develop distinct looks for classic Star Trek effects such as digitally-augmented alien species and transporter beams. Pixomondo
8468-463: The United Federation of Planets into the show. One of the first teleplays Coon was credited with was " A Taste of Armageddon ", where an ambassador on the Enterprise is referred to as a Federation official. Eventually, the series became an allegory for the current events of the 1960s counterculture , placing great emphasis on an anti-war message and depicting the United Federation of Planets,
8614-518: The apparent continuity errors from the first season, such as why Discovery 's characters and more advanced technology are not mentioned in The Original Series or other previous Star Trek media. They achieved this by having Discovery and its crew travel over 900 years into the future at the end of the season which Kurtzman compared to the new timeline created for the film Star Trek to avoid established continuity. Kurtzman felt
8760-455: The average in-app revenue during the previous 30 days. Increased subscribers for All Access was given as one of the reasons behind the series' second and third season renewals. Audience demand analytics company Parrot Analytics estimates streaming viewership based on global "demand expressions", with the "desire, engagement, and viewership weighted by importance". In the company's list of the top 20 most in-demand streaming series of 2020, Discovery
8906-469: The books and comics was set to coincide with the series' premiere. Mack described writing around the continuity of Discovery as "tricky to get right", as the time period is "light on detail and almost unique within the Star Trek continuity. That made it a challenge to represent that era faithfully while also staying true to the new elements being introduced" in the series. Beyer explained in August 2017 that
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#17327725937639052-581: The characters and their adventures. Early in the first season of Star Trek , Captain Kirk had said the Enterprise ' s authority came from the United Earth Space Probe Agency. Bases visited in the series were labeled "Earth Outposts". In August 1966, Gene L. Coon was hired by Gene Roddenberry as a writer for Star Trek . Actor William Shatner credits Coon with injecting the concepts of Starfleet , Starfleet Command and
9198-440: The crew of Discovery started wearing these costumes the producers realised that they clashed with the Discovery ' s existing gray hallway sets. Phillips designed new uniforms for the fourth season that use the same primary colors as The Next Generation , with red for command, gold for operations, and blue for science. Medical officers still wear white uniforms. Veteran Star Trek designer John Eaves designed starships for
9344-443: The distant future, the character of Craft refers to the "V'draysh". Little is said about the V'draysh, except that it is at war with Alcor IV, and that the V'draysh people are searching for artifacts from ancient human history. The writer of this episode, Michael Chabon , stated that the name "V'draysh" is intended to be a syncope for the word "Federation". In the 32nd century setting of the third season of Star Trek: Discovery ,
9490-533: The domestic television market, most Canadian productions involve partnerships with production studios based in the United States and Europe. However, in recent years, new partnership arrangements are allowing Canadian investors a growing share of control of projects produced in Canada and elsewhere. Australia's first locally produced Science Fiction series was The Stranger (1964–65) produced and screened by
9636-425: The early 1990s had become one of the most popular dramas on American television. Star Trek fans continued to grow in number, and first began organizing conventions in the 1970s. No other show attracted a large organized following until the 1990s, when Babylon 5 attracted both Star Trek fans and a large number of literary SF fans who previously had not been involved in media fandom. Other series began to attract
9782-460: The end of the second season , they travel to the 32nd century which is the setting for subsequent seasons. Sonequa Martin-Green stars as Michael Burnham , a science specialist on Discovery who eventually becomes captain. Doug Jones , Shazad Latif , Anthony Rapp , Mary Wiseman , Jason Isaacs , Wilson Cruz , Anson Mount , David Ajala , Rachael Ancheril, Blu del Barrio , Tig Notaro , and Callum Keith Rennie also have starring roles across
9928-426: The end of the war, which allowed the writers to move beyond Fuller's established storyline. The second season has a more episodic structure than the first, though it still tells a single serialized story, and it introduces more elements from The Original Series including the USS Enterprise and its crew. A goal of the showrunners for the season was to "cement Discovery firmly in the timeline" by reconciling some of
10074-525: The fifth season as Rayner, a war-time Starfleet captain. Fuller wanted to take advantage of modern effects, production design, and makeup to establish a new look for the series and franchise that previous Star Trek media was unable to achieve. Mark Worthington and Todd Cherniawsky served as initial production designers for the series, and Suttirat Anne Larlarb was hired as costume designer. Glenn Hetrick and Neville Page of Alchemy Studios provided prosthetics and armor, with Page having previously designed for
10220-490: The films] and they don't have to track what we're doing". Also in July, CBS Studios International licensed the series to Netflix for release outside the United States and Canada, a "blockbuster" deal that paid for the series' entire budget (around US$ 6–7 million per episode at that time). During pre-production on the series, Fuller and CBS had disagreements on its direction. The production began to overrun its per-episode budget and
10366-456: The first decade of the 21st century, changes in provincial tax legislation prompted many production companies to move from Toronto to Vancouver . Recent popular series produced in Vancouver include The Dead Zone , Smallville , Andromeda , Stargate Atlantis , Stargate Universe , The 4400 , Sanctuary and the reimagined Battlestar Galactica . Because of the small size of
10512-523: The first season, Rotten Tomatoes reported an 83% approval score with an average rating of 7.05/10 based on 374 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Although it takes an episode to achieve liftoff, Star Trek: Discovery delivers a solid franchise installment for the next generation—boldly led by the charismatic Sonequa Martin-Green." Metacritic assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Rotten Tomatoes reported an 81% approval score for
10658-432: The first season, but left after the second. She was replaced by Phillip Barker , who was able to approach the third season as a fresh start due to the new time period. Barker helped develop the new 32nd century technology as part of his design process. Doug McCullough took over as production designer for the fourth season. Fuller had wanted the series' uniforms to reflect the primary colors of The Original Series , but this
10804-500: The five seasons. The series was announced in November 2015 as the first Star Trek series since Star Trek: Enterprise concluded in 2005. It was produced by CBS Studios in association with Secret Hideout and Roddenberry Entertainment . Fuller was initially set as showrunner but left due to creative differences with CBS. He was replaced by Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts , with producing support from Akiva Goldsman for
10950-582: The fourth season, Rotten Tomatoes reported an 88% approval score with an average rating of 8.1/10 based on 17 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Michael Burnham finally comes into her own—and so does Discovery —in a confident fourth season that embraces the series' more heartfelt take on the Star Trek mythos." For the fifth season, Rotten Tomatoes reported an 80% approval score with an average rating of 6.7/10 based on 20 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Lightening up just in time for one last voyage, Star Trek: Discovery concludes with
11096-619: The franchise it still accurately represented this series. Russo recorded the series' score with a 60-piece orchestra, initially at the Eastwood Scoring Stage at Warner Bros. Studios in California. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, musicians for the third season were recorded individually and their performances combined. Individual soundtrack albums for the two chapters of the first season were respectively released on December 15, 2017, and April 6, 2018. A soundtrack album for
11242-461: The future. I wanted to be part of that representation for a new era." When Fuller first met with CBS about the series, the company did not have a plan for what it would be. He proposed an anthology series , with each season being a standalone, serialized story set in a different era. This would begin with a prequel to The Original Series , followed by stories set during The Original Series , during Star Trek: The Next Generation , and then "beyond to
11388-407: The game. Science fiction on television The need to portray imaginary settings or characters with properties and abilities beyond the reach of current reality obliges producers to make extensive use of specialized techniques of television production. Through most of the 20th century, many of these techniques were expensive and involved a small number of dedicated craft practitioners, while
11534-523: The gender equity coalition ReFrame as a "mark of distinction" for film and television projects that are proven to have gender-balanced hiring, with stamps being awarded to projects that hire female-identifying people, especially those of color, in four out of eight critical areas of their production. In August 2018, video game developer Anas Abdin announced that he would sue CBS for allegedly copying elements of his unreleased video game Tardigrades , including large tardigrades that help humans travel through
11680-480: The history of Star Trek —such as phasers, communicators, and the Vulcan salute—and deconstructs them. Prologue creative director Ana Criado said the producers wanted the sequence to be unlike any previous Star Trek titles sequences. A blueprint theme was decided to acknowledge that the series is a prequel, "literally deconstructing Trek iconography". The sequence was originally in black-and-white, but Criado said this
11826-453: The jump to the future had opened up new variables and storytelling opportunities that were preventing the series from feeling stale and confirmed that the series would remain in the 32nd century for the rest of its run. Discussing what makes Discovery unique among Star Trek series, Paradise said it was the mixture of serialized storytelling and a focus on action, adventure, and visual effects. She noted that Discovery could feel separate from
11972-505: The long-running Mr. Squiggle , Halfway Across the Galaxy and Turn Left , Ocean Girl , Crash Zone , Watch This Space and Spellbinder . Other series like Time Trax , Roar , and Space: Above and Beyond were filmed in Australia, but used mostly US crew and actors. Japan has a long history of producing science fiction series for television. Some of the most famous are anime such as Osamu Tezuka 's Astro Boy ,
12118-413: The majority of science fiction media fandom has been represented by males of all ages and for most of its modern existence, a fairly diverse racial demographic. The most highly publicized demographic for science fiction fans is the male adolescent; roughly the same demographic for American comic books . Female fans, while always present, were far fewer in number and less conspicuously present in fandom. With
12264-621: The map". In January 2016, CBS president Glenn Geller said the network would broadcast the first episode but was not creatively involved in the series, saying, "It really is for All Access." After beginning his career writing for the series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Voyager , Bryan Fuller was announced as the new series' showrunner and co-creator alongside Kurtzman in February 2016. Nicholas Meyer , writer and director of Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country (1991), also joined
12410-629: The most viewed original series on both All Access and Paramount+. It has received positive reviews from critics, who highlighted Martin-Green's performance and the time-jump to the 32nd century, as well as numerous accolades including two Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards for its prosthetic makeup and visual effects. The series began an expansion of the Star Trek franchise, including the companion shorts series Star Trek: Short Treks , spin-off series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds , and spin-off film Star Trek: Section 31 . Various tie-in media and two official aftershows have also been produced based on
12556-406: The musical Rent , would portray Stamets' love interest Hugh Culber . The character is killed off during the first season, which was criticized by some as following the " bury your gays " trope, but the executive producers immediately released a statement with Cruz and LGBTQ media monitoring organization GLAAD saying the relationship between Culber and Stamets would continue to be explored. Cruz
12702-459: The network to demand the show remain on the air. Network executives were overwhelmed by an unprecedented wave of correspondence, and they kept the show on the air. Although the series continued to receive low ratings and was canceled a year later, the enduring popularity of the series resulted in Paramount creating a set of movies, and then a new series Star Trek: The Next Generation , which by
12848-411: The novels and comics would tell stories that the series did not have time to address but that enhanced the overall story for fans, though they would not be required reading to understand the series. She said the writers of the tie-in works and the series' writers room would work together to not contradict each other, but if an idea was developed for the series that did not work with something established in
12994-592: The original 1975 Star Trek Star Fleet Technical Manual , Johnson's Worlds of the Federation , and roleplaying games, the Federation's five founding members were Earth (or Terra), Vulcan, Tellar, Andor, and Alpha Centauri . Some non-canon works assert that founding member Alpha Centauri is home to a human race (transplanted by the Preservers from classical third-century BC Greece) known as, variously, Centaurans, Centaurians, or Centauri. The 1980-to-2188 historical guide Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology posits
13140-539: The other countries, Netflix released each episode of the first three seasons for streaming within 24 hours of its U.S. debut. This agreement also saw Bell Media and Netflix acquire all previous Star Trek series to stream and broadcast at the time. In September 2020, ViacomCBS announced that CBS All Access would be expanded and rebranded as Paramount+ in March 2021. Existing episodes of Discovery 's first three seasons remained on Paramount+ along with future seasons of
13286-540: The other series in the franchise. Its founding members were Earth , Vulcan , Andoria , and Tellar . Over time it has expanded to include many more worlds through peaceful voluntary association. Some notable ones include Trill, Betazed, and Bolarus IX. References to the size of the Federation vary, with Captain Kirk stating in 2267 that humanity was on "a thousand planets and spreading out", while Captain Picard referred to
13432-556: The rebooted Star Trek films. Mario Moreira served as prop master for the series, with seven art directors, over nine illustrators, more than thirty-five set designers, and over four hundred and fifty painters, carpenters, sculptors, model makers, welders, set dressers, and prop builders all hired for the first season. The designers consulted with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for scientific accuracy. Tamara Deverell took over as production designer during production on
13578-471: The rest of the franchise following the time jump to the future but explained that the writers were always looking for ways to connect the series back to past Star Trek media to prevent this. Beginning with the third season, astrophysicist Erin Macdonald joined the series and wider Star Trek franchise as a science advisor. Macdonald said each series was on a "spectrum of science to fiction" and Discovery
13724-578: The reusability of props, models, effects, or animation techniques made it easier to keep using them. The combination of high initial cost and lower maintenance cost pushed producers into building these techniques into the basic concept of a series, influencing all the artistic choices. By the late 1990s, improved technology and more training and cross-training within the industry made all of these techniques easier to use, so that directors of individual episodes could make decisions to use one or more methods, so such artistic choices no longer needed to be baked into
13870-404: The rising popularity of fanfiction , a large majority of which is categorized as slash fanfiction . Female fans comprise the majority of fanfiction writers. U.S. television science fiction has produced Lost In Space , Star Trek , The Twilight Zone , and The X-Files , among others. British television science fiction began in 1938 when the broadcast medium was in its infancy with
14016-424: The rising popularity of fanzines, female fans became increasingly vocal. Starting in the 2000s (decade), genre series began to offer more prominent female characters. Many series featured women as the main characters with males as supporting characters. True Blood is an example. Also, such shows premises moved away from heroic action-adventure and focused more on characters and their relationships. This has caused
14162-530: The season available internationally through several avenues. In August 2023, Star Trek content was removed from Crave and Discovery began streaming on Paramount+ in Canada. The series would continue to be broadcast on CTV Sci-Fi and be available on CTV.ca and the CTV app. According to Nielsen Media Research , the CBS broadcast of the first episode was watched by a "decent" audience of 9.5 million viewers. The premiere of
14308-470: The season, reprising her recurring guest role as Nhan from the second season. She is written out of the series in the third season's fifth episode. In September 2020, non-binary newcomer Blu del Barrio was revealed to be portraying Adira, the first explicitly non-binary character within the Star Trek franchise. They were promoted to the series' main cast in the fourth season along with recurring guest star Tig Notaro as Jett Reno. Callum Keith Rennie joined
14454-467: The second season was released on July 19, 2019, for the third on April 16, 2021, for the fourth on August 26, 2022, and for the fifth on October 18, 2024. The first episode of Star Trek: Discovery aired in a "preview broadcast" on CBS in the United States and was made available with the second episode on CBS All Access. The rest of the series' episodes for the first three seasons were released weekly on All Access. CBS Studios International licensed
14600-401: The second season was on track for a January 2019 premiere. There was enough of a delay in production that CBS extended the season's episode count to 14 as a way to amortize the cost of the delays. In February 2019, shortly after the season premiere, the series was renewed for a third season with writer Michelle Paradise promoted to co-showrunner alongside Kurtzman. In October 2019, Kurtzman said
14746-435: The second season, with an average rating of 7.35/10 based on 209 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "The second season of Discovery successfully—if stubbornly—cleans up the problematic storylines of Trek past while still effectively dramatizing new takes on the lore." Metacritic assigned a score of 72 out of 100 based on reviews from 10 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Rotten Tomatoes reported
14892-417: The second season. Casting had begun by June 2019 for the new role of Adira, a non-binary character described as "incredibly intelligent and self-confident" with the potential to become a recurring guest throughout the third season. The next month, David Ajala joined the cast as new series regular Cleveland "Book" Booker for the third season. Rachael Ancheril is also credited as starring for her appearances in
15038-528: The series also took place outside of North America, with some filming in Jordan for the series premiere, and in Iceland for the first two episodes of the third season. Kurtzman felt the visual style of the series had to "justify being on a premium cable service", and the producers worked closely with first episode director David Semel to make the series look as cinematic as possible. They took inspiration from
15184-533: The series as a bridge between Star Trek: Enterprise and The Original Series —which are set over a century apart—but set much closer to the latter to allow Discovery to use the latter's iconic designs and costumes; the series ultimately moved away from those designs after Fuller's departure. The first season tells the story of the Federation-Klingon cold war that had been mentioned in Star Trek before but not depicted on screen. The season finishes with
15330-522: The series as a consulting producer. In March, Rod Roddenberry (the son of Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry ) and Trevor Roth of Roddenberry Entertainment also joined the series as executive producers. Fuller said working with people previously involved with Star Trek was "really about making sure that we maintain authenticity", and said Meyer—who is widely considered to have made the best Star Trek film in The Wrath of Khan —brought "a clarity and
15476-419: The series concept. Special effects (or "SPFX") have been an essential tool throughout the history of science fiction on television: small explosives to simulate the effects of various rayguns , squibs of blood and gruesome prosthetics to simulate the monsters and victims in horror series, and the wire-flying entrances and exits of George Reeves as Superman . The broad term "special effects" includes all
15622-469: The series in July 2017. Russo wanted the show's main theme to embody the ideals of Star Trek and "a commonality in people" by only using chords that have a common note, with a melody then added over the top. The theme is bookended by elements of the original Star Trek theme by Alexander Courage . Russo acknowledged that not all existing Star Trek fans were going to appreciate the new theme, but felt that regardless of how it compared to previous themes in
15768-459: The series led to record subscriptions for CBS All Access, with the service having its biggest day of signups, as well as its biggest week and month of signups thanks to the series. According to "app analytics specialist" App Annie, the premiere of the series also caused the number of downloads of the All Access mobile app to more than double, with revenue from the app for CBS doubling compared to
15914-427: The series premiere, Kurtzman said the producers wanted to avoid announcing release dates for future seasons due to the external pressure caused by delaying the first season's premiere after it was announced. Despite this, he hoped a second season would be available in early 2019. The second season was officially ordered in October 2017, and consists of 13 episodes. Goldsman did not return for the season after clashing with
16060-604: The series to Bell Media for broadcast in Canada, and to Netflix for another 188 countries. In Canada, the premiere was simulcast with CBS on both the CTV Television Network and on the specialty channel CTV Sci-Fi Channel before being streamed on Crave ; it was also broadcast in French on the specialty channel Z . Subsequent episodes were released through CTV Sci-Fi, Z, and Crave, with CTV Sci-Fi airing each episode 30 minutes before it streamed on All Access. In
16206-554: The series with Scott Schneider, and based the USS Discovery on an unused Ralph McQuarrie design for the Enterprise from the unproduced film Star Trek: Planet of the Titans . Fuller compared McQuarrie's design to 1970s Lamborghinis and cars from the James Bond franchise. Sets for the Discovery ' s interiors were described as a "tangle of corridors and rooms", and were designed to look like they could believably fit inside
16352-496: The series would feature minority, female, and LGBTQ characters. In August, Fuller said the series would star a lieutenant commander, to be played by a non-white actress, rather than a captain like previous Star Trek series. He also said Discovery would include more alien characters than other Star Trek series, and would feature at least one openly gay character. Fuller, who is gay himself, had been determined to see this happen since receiving hate mail while working on Voyager when
16498-449: The series' "set-up, character, big ideas, [and] the big movement of the season" were all true to Fuller's original plans. In August, Goldsman said future seasons would have a "hybridized [anthology] approach" with each season having its own story arc and a mixture of new and familiar characters. Kurtzman added that the success of Discovery could lead to other new Star Trek series. By the end of August 2017, Berg and Harberts had developed
16644-547: The series' lead role. This was a source of "internal stress" at CBS. Several African American and Latina actresses were being looked at for the role, with CBS preferring a "fresh face" over an established star. The cast was believed to include a female admiral, a male Klingon captain, a male admiral, a male adviser, and a British male doctor, with one of those male leads played by an openly gay actor. Doug Jones and Anthony Rapp were revealed to have been cast in November 2016, respectively as science officers Saru and Stamets. Saru
16790-415: The series' producing director, Olatunde Osunsanmi , encouraged all of the directors to "express ourselves visually in as exciting a way as possible", with Frakes describing the series' directing style as "shoot to thrill". Paramount+ constructed a video wall to allow for virtual production on the fourth season as well as the spin-off series Star Trek: Strange New Worlds , utilizing technology similar to
16936-517: The series' release so they could meet the high expectations for it, and the studio pushed the premiere back to May 2017. At the end of October, CBS asked Fuller to step down as showrunner, and announced a restructuring of the production: Berg and Harberts were made sole showrunners, working from a broad story arc and overall mythology established by Fuller; Kurtzman and Fuller would continue as executive producers, but with Fuller moving his attention fully to American Gods ; and Akiva Goldsman would join as
17082-439: The series' writing staff, while Meyer was not asked to return for the second season. In June 2018, when production on the second season was underway, CBS fired Berg and Harberts. This was due to the first episode of the season going significantly over budget, as well as alleged abusive behavior by the pair directed at the other writers. Kurtzman was made showrunner and was set to "regroup" the writers room. After Kurtzman took over,
17228-505: The series. The series begins around ten years before the events of Star Trek: The Original Series , when Commander Michael Burnham 's actions start a war between the United Federation of Planets and the Klingon Empire . She is court-martialed, stripped of rank, and reassigned to the USS Discovery , which has a unique means of propulsion called the "Spore Drive". After an adventure in the Mirror Universe , Discovery helps end
17374-466: The series. On November 2, 2021, a home media box set collecting the first three seasons was released, with more than eight hours of special features including behind-the-scenes featurettes, deleted and extended scenes, audio commentaries, and gag reels. On November 17, two days before the fourth season's international debut, ViacomCBS announced that it had bought back the international streaming rights to Discovery from Netflix effective immediately. The deal
17520-432: The ship goes into alert mode. Harberts said that the cinematographers wanted the series to have a " Rembrandt texture". For the second season, Kurtzman chose to use anamorphic lenses with a 2.39:1 aspect ratio to "immediately [convey] a sense of scope and scale". He hoped that if the series was projected in a theater it would appear indistinguishable from a feature film. Frequent Star Trek director Jonathan Frakes said
17666-493: The ship. The graphics used for the Starfleet computer systems were designed to be believably more advanced than modern technology, but to also honor the look and feel of the designs used in previous series. These were updated for the third season to reflect the more advanced future technology, when programmable matter was integrated into the Discovery design. The opening title sequence was created by Prologue using 2D motion graphics. The sequence depicts elements from throughout
17812-440: The shoulders. Phillips attempted to create costumes with no seams using "No Sew" bonding techniques such as glue and tape, but the producers rejected this because they wanted to see more details in the costumes. Starfleet insignia badges were molded from silicon bronze, and then polished and plated by a jeweler to create custom colors for the series: gold for command, silver for sciences and medical, and copper for operations. Phillips
17958-714: The streaming format of All Access and telling a single serialized story across the entire first season, inspired by the general change in television to tell those kinds of stories rather than the "new destination-based adventure each week" format mostly used in previous Star Trek series. Fuller had been one of several writers during the 1990s pushing for Deep Space Nine and Voyager to move towards this style. The producers wanted to build towards Roddenberry's Star Trek ideals and show that "you can't simply be accepting and tolerant without working for it", and chose to ignore Roddenberry's longstanding rule that Starfleet crew members not have significant conflict with one another. Fuller saw
18104-472: The streaming service for its inaugural year. Parrot Analytics listed the series as the 15th most in-demand streaming series of 2021, the only Paramount+ series in their top 20 list for the year. Star Trek: Discovery has an 85% approval rating on the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes , while Metacritic , which uses a weighted average, has assigned a score of 73 out of 100 based on reviews from 41 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". For
18250-1043: The studio including the largest one in North America. Filming for the series also takes place on location around Ontario, Canada , including at the Aga Khan Museum in Toronto to portray the Vulcan Science Academy, the Hilton Falls and Kelso Conservation Areas, the Scarborough Bluffs , the Stelco steel plant in Hamilton , and the disused Kingston Penitentiary . The series spent more than CA$ 257 million ( US$ 202 million ) in Ontario, and created more than 4,000 jobs for local crew, in just its first two seasons. Location filming for
18396-411: The techniques here, but more commonly there are two categories of effects. Visual effects ("VFX") involve photographic or digital manipulation of the onscreen image, usually done in post-production . Mechanical or physical effects involve props, pyrotechnics, and other physical methods used during principal photography itself. Some effects involved a combination of techniques; a ray gun might require
18542-562: The third season would consist of 13 episodes. Active development on a fourth season had begun by January 2020, and it was officially announced in October. Also in October, Kurtzman was asked how long he intended for Discovery to continue, especially with other streaming series being cancelled during the COVID-19 pandemic , and said there were "years and years left on Discovery ". He noted the precedent of several previous Star Trek series running for seven seasons each. A 10-episode fifth season
18688-503: The transmission of a partial adaptation of Karel Čapek 's play R.U.R. . Despite an occasionally chequered history, programmes in the genre have been produced by both the BBC and the largest commercial channel, ITV . Nigel Kneale 's The Quatermass Experiment (1953) and its sequels have been called "one of BBC Television's earliest audience successes" and Kneale became "one of the most influential television and film writers to emerge in
18834-679: The universe instantly, and similar characters. The lawsuit was dismissed by Judge Lorna G. Schofield in September 2019, finding that the series and video game were not "substantially similar as a matter of law", and that the only similarities were the space setting and the use of alien tardigrades. Abdin appealed this dismissal, but the US Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit upheld Schofield's decision in August 2020. In September 2016, Discovery writer Kirsten Beyer announced that CBS
18980-420: The wide scope of Star Trek: The Motion Picture (1979), including using a 2:1 aspect ratio , as well as from the modern Star Trek films directed by J. J. Abrams . The cinematographers wanted to emphasize on-set lighting sources to create a more realistic look and distance the series from the "stage" feel of The Original Series . The lighting on set could be controlled, including changing their color for when
19126-427: Was "way more on the science side", so to ensure scientific accuracy Macdonald became involved in all aspects of the series from developing plots with the writers room to reviewing that graphics and visual effects were correct in post-production. By June 2016, Fuller had met with several actors and said the series would "carry on what Star Trek does best" by hiring a progressive, diverse cast, with Kadin confirming that
19272-480: Was able to revisit the colorful uniforms from The Original Series with the introduction of the USS Enterprise in the second season, applying the colors of those original costumes to the design of Discovery 's uniforms. She was also able to revisit her "No Sew" approach for the future Starfleet uniforms in the third season. These are mostly gray, with divisions represented by a colored stripe, but once
19418-513: Was discarded after his departure, when Larlarb also left the series. Gersha Phillips took over as costume designer. Fabric for the series' Starfleet uniforms was custom-dyed in Switzerland , and was a navy blue specifically mixed for the production. Gold or silver embellishments denoted divisions, while medical officers wear a "hospital white" variant of the uniform. The captain's uniform is the standard navy blue but with additional gold piping on
19564-484: Was falling behind schedule due to Fuller supervising all aspects of the series while also showrunning another new series, American Gods . This caused frustration among CBS executives who felt Fuller should be focused on having Discovery ready for release in January 2017. By August 2016, Fuller had hired Gretchen J. Berg and Aaron Harberts , whom he worked with on Pushing Daisies , to serve as co-showrunners with him. A month later, he and Kurtzman asked CBS to delay
19710-472: Was for an undisclosed amount of money that was reported to be in the six-figure range, and meant that Netflix would no longer contribute to the series' budget as it had been doing since the original international licensing deal in July 2016. Because of the new deal, the fourth season was set be streamed in countries outside of North America on Paramount+ once the service was available there some time in 2022. Following backlash from international fans, ViacomCBS made
19856-404: Was going into the series' production value and effects. Ted Sullivan joined as supervising writing producer, and CBS Interactive president Marc DeBevoise revealed that the episode order had been expanded to 15 episodes. In June, CBS announced a new premiere date of September 24, 2017, and Kurtzman said he had discussed future seasons with Fuller before the latter's departure. Kurtzman promised that
20002-588: Was in the form of video showings of popular anime, untranslated and often low quality VHS bootlegs. Starting in the 1990s, anime fans began organizing conventions. These quickly grew to sizes much larger than other science fiction and media conventions in the same communities; many cities now have anime conventions attracting five to ten thousand attendees. Many anime conventions are a hybrid between non-profit and commercial events, with volunteer organizers handling large revenue streams and dealing with commercial suppliers and professional marketing campaigns. For decades,
20148-532: Was officially confirmed and her character's name was revealed to be Michael Burnham. At the end of that month, Latif was recast to the role of Starfleet Lieutenant Tyler. The series reveals that Tyler is the undercover persona of the Klingon Voq, who is initially credited as being portrayed by the invented actor Javid Iqbal to hide the fact that Latif portrays both Voq and Tyler. Rapp revealed in July 2017 that Wilson Cruz , whom Rapp had previously worked with on
20294-408: Was ordered in January 2022. Paramount announced in March 2023 that the season would be the last for the series, which came as a surprise to the cast and crew who expected to make at least one or two more seasons. The decision came amid cost cutting for Paramount's streaming content. The season's ending was updated so it could better serve as a series finale. "The defining factor of Roddenberry's vision
20440-611: Was produced by the CBC as early as the 1950s. In the 1970s, CTV produced The Starlost . In the 1980s, Canadian animation studios including Nelvana , began producing a growing proportion of the world market in animation. In the 1990s, Canada became an important player in live action speculative fiction on television, with dozens of series like Forever Knight , Robocop , and most notably The X-Files and Stargate SG-1 . Many series have been produced for youth and children's markets, including Deepwater Black and MythQuest . In
20586-418: Was ranked 12th and was the highest ranked All Access series for the year. In the first week of Paramount+'s launch in March 2021, JustWatch , a guide to streaming content with access to data from more than 20 million users around the world, estimated that Star Trek: Discovery was the most in-demand series on the new service. In December 2021, Paramount+ revealed that Discovery was the most watched series on
20732-536: Was subsequently promoted from his recurring guest role to the series' main cast for the second season, in which Culber is brought back to life. After the first season concluded with the Discovery receiving a distress call from the USS Enterprise , specifically from Captain Christopher Pike , Harberts expressed interest in exploring that character; Anson Mount was cast in the role in April 2018, and stars for
20878-400: Was the earliest that CBS could release a new Star Trek series after an agreement the company made when it split from Viacom in 2005. Showtime , Netflix , and Amazon Video all offered "a lot of money" for the rights to stream the series, but after heavily investing in the new All Access service CBS believed that a returning Star Trek could be "the franchise that really puts All Access on
21024-486: Was the first to cost more than $ 1 million per episode. One of the earliest forms of media fandom was Star Trek fandom . Fans of the series became known to each other through the science fiction fandom . In 1968, NBC decided to cancel Star Trek . Bjo Trimble wrote letters to contacts in the National Fantasy Fan Foundation, asking people to organize their local friends to write to
21170-504: Was too "cold" and was replaced with a Renaissance -inspired sepia look "to make it look like we are designing everything from scratch". The sequence was updated for each season. The third season introduces a new logo for the series to reflect its move to the far future and move away from the Klingon-inspired initial logo. Star Trek: Discovery is filmed at Pinewood Toronto Studios , taking advantage of multiple soundstages at
21316-428: Was working with IDW Publishing and Simon & Schuster to produce more content revolving around the setting of the series, starting with at least one novel and a comic book. Beyer, the writer of many Star Trek: Voyager novels , explained that she would work with fellow Star Trek novelist David Mack and Star Trek comic writer Mike Johnson to ensure that all media "are coming from the same place". The release of
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