61-482: (Redirected from USS Seahorse ) A number of ships have been named Seahorse or Sea Horse after the marine creature , including:- Merchant ships [ edit ] The transport ship Sea Horse was wrecked in Tramore Bay on 30 January 1816 with the loss of 376 of the 402 people on board. She was on a voyage from Ramsgate to Cork. MV Seahorse -
122-420: A refugium that is at least 20 inches by 51 centimeters deep is recommended inside an aquarium. Animals sold as " freshwater seahorses" are usually the closely related pipefish , of which a few species live in the lower reaches of rivers. The supposed true "freshwater seahorse" called H. aimei is not a valid species, but a synonym sometimes used for Barbour's and hedgehog seahorses . The latter, which
183-429: A Tanzanian tanker in service 2012-16 MV Sea Horse - a ship captured by pirates in 2009 Naval ships [ edit ] Royal Navy [ edit ] HMS Seahorse (1626) was a ship captured in 1626 and last mentioned in 1635. HMS Seahorse (1654) was a hoy captured in 1654 and sold in 1655. HMS Seahorse (1694 fireship) was a 10-gun fireship purchased from
244-424: A distinctive trunk and tail. Although they are bony fish , they do not have scales, but rather thin skin stretched over a series of bony plates, which are arranged in rings throughout their bodies. Each species has a distinct number of rings. The armor of bony plates also protects them against predators, and because of this outer skeleton, they no longer have ribs. Seahorses swim upright, propelling themselves using
305-596: A physically 'internal' environment after the closure of the pouch. It is believed that this protected form of fertilization reduces sperm competition among males. Within the Syngnathidae (pipefishes and seahorses) protected fertilization has not been documented in the pipefishes but the lack of any distinct differences in the relation of testes size to body size suggests that pipefishes may also have evolved mechanisms for more efficient fertilization with reduced sperm competition. The fertilized eggs are then embedded in
366-416: A single female because of ecological factors that make male parental care and protection of offspring especially advantageous." Because the rates of survival for newborn seahorses are so low, incubation is essential. Though not proven, males could have taken on this role because of the lengthy period the females require to produce their eggs. If males incubate while females prepare the next clutch (amounting to
427-469: A study of seahorses, the distinctive head morphology was found to give them a hydrodynamic advantage that creates minimal interference while approaching an evasive prey. Thus the seahorse can get very close to the copepods on which it preys. After successfully closing in on the prey without alerting it, the seahorse gives an upward thrust and rapidly rotates the head aided by large tendons that store and release elastic energy, to bring its long snout close to
488-432: A third of body weight), they can reduce the interval between clutches. Seahorses use their long snouts to eat their food with ease. However, they are slow to consume their food and have extremely simple digestive systems that lack a stomach, so they must eat constantly to stay alive. Seahorses are not very good swimmers, and for this reason they need to anchor themselves to seaweed , coral or anything else that will keep
549-406: A third of her body weight. To protect against losing a clutch, the female demands a long courtship. The daily greetings help to cement the bond between the pair. Though seahorses are not known to mate for life, many species form pair bonds that last through at least the breeding season. Some species show a higher level of mate fidelity than others. However, many species readily switch mates when
610-499: Is any of 46 species of small marine bony fish in the genus Hippocampus . "Hippocampus" comes from the Ancient Greek hippókampos ( ἱππόκαμπος ), itself from híppos ( ἵππος ) meaning "horse" and kámpos ( κάμπος ) meaning "sea monster" or "sea animal". Having a head and neck suggestive of a horse , seahorses also feature segmented bony armour, an upright posture and a curled prehensile tail . Along with
671-940: Is often confused with the former, can be found in estuarine environments, but is not actually a freshwater fish. Seahorse populations are thought to be endangered as a result of overfishing and habitat destruction . Despite a lack of scientific studies or clinical trials, the consumption of seahorses is widespread in traditional Chinese medicine , primarily in connection with impotence , wheezing, nocturnal enuresis , and pain, as well as labor induction . Up to 20 million seahorses may be caught each year to be sold for such uses. Preferred species of seahorses include H. kellogii , H. histrix , H. kuda , H. trimaculatus , and H. mohnikei . Seahorses are also consumed by Indonesians , central Filipinos , and many other ethnic groups. Import and export of seahorses has been controlled under CITES since 15 May 2004. However, Indonesia, Japan, Norway, and South Korea have chosen to opt out of
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#1732766258807732-600: Is the standard single-volume reference work on ships of the Royal Navy, and Colledge's conventions and spellings of names are used by museums, libraries and archives. For more data on ships of the pre-1863 Royal Navy, see British Warships in the Age of Sail . A revised third version of the Volume 1 work was published in 2003 which added the ships of the late 20th century. The revision was conducted by Ben Warlow. A fourth edition
793-553: Is very important for the survival of seahorses in an aquarium. They are delicate species which should not be added to a new tank. The water parameters are recommended to be as follows although these fish may acclimatise to different water over time: A water-quality problem will affect fish behaviour and can be shown by clamped fins, reduced feeding, erratic swimming, and gasping at the surface. Seahorses require vertical swimming space to perform reproductive functions and to prevent depth-related health conditions like gas bubble disease, so
854-558: Is very sparse. The best known and best studied fossils are specimens of Hippocampus guttulatus (though literature more commonly refers to them under the synonym of H. ramulosus ), from the Marecchia River formation of Rimini Province , Italy, dating back to the Lower Pliocene , about 3 million years ago. The earliest known seahorse fossils are of two pipefish-like species, H. sarmaticus and H. slovenicus , from
915-525: The coprolitic horizon of Tunjice Hills, a middle Miocene lagerstätte in Slovenia dating back about 13 million years. Molecular dating implies that pipefish and seahorses diverged during the Late Oligocene . This has led to speculation that seahorses evolved in response to large areas of shallow water, newly created as the result of tectonic events. The shallow water would have allowed
976-401: The dorsal fin , another characteristic not shared by their close pipefish relatives, which swim horizontally. Razorfish are the only other fish that swim vertically. The pectoral fins , located on either side of the head behind their eyes, are used for steering. They lack the caudal fin typical of fishes. Their prehensile tail is composed of square-like rings that can be unlocked only in
1037-631: The fry are ready to be born, the male expels them with muscular contractions. He typically gives birth at night and is ready for the next batch of eggs by morning when his mate returns. Like almost all other fish species, seahorses do not nurture their young after birth. Infants are susceptible to predators or ocean currents which wash them away from feeding grounds or into temperatures too extreme for their delicate bodies. Less than 0.5% of infants survive to adulthood, explaining why litters are so large. These survival rates are actually fairly high compared to other fish, because of their protected gestation, making
1098-467: The pipefishes and seadragons ( Phycodurus and Phyllopteryx ) they form the family Syngnathidae . Seahorses are mainly found in shallow tropical and temperate salt water throughout the world, from about 45°S to 45°N. They live in sheltered areas such as seagrass beds, estuaries , coral reefs , and mangroves . Four species are found in Pacific waters from North America to South America . In
1159-979: The Atlantic, Hippocampus erectus ranges from Nova Scotia to Uruguay . H. zosterae , known as the dwarf seahorse, is found in the Bahamas . Colonies have been found in European waters such as the Thames Estuary . Two species live in the Mediterranean Sea : H. guttulatus (the long-snouted seahorse), H. hippocampus (the short-snouted seahorse). These species form territories; males stay within 1 m (10 sq ft) of habitat, while females range over about one hundred times that. Seahorses range in size from 1.5 to 35 cm (0.6 to 13.8 in). They are named for their equine appearance, with bent necks and long snouted heads and
1220-481: The Dutch in 1694, later used as a water boat, and sunk as a foundation in 1698. HMS Seahorse (1694) was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1694 and wrecked in 1704. HMS Seahorse (1709) was a 14-gun sixth rate launched in 1709 and wrecked in 1711. HMS Seahorse (1712) was a 20-gun sixth rate launched in 1712, rebuilt in 1727 and sold in 1748. HMS Seahorse (1748)
1281-463: The Internet. They can be distinguished from other species of seahorse by their 12 trunk rings, low number of tail rings (26–29), the location in which young are brooded in the trunk region of males and their extremely small size. Molecular analysis (of ribosomal RNA ) of 32 Hippocampus species found that H. bargibanti belongs in a separate clade from other members of the genus and therefore that
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#17327662588071342-689: The Royal Navy Ships of the Royal Navy is a naval history reference work by J. J. Colledge (1908–1997); it provides brief entries on all recorded ships in commission in the Royal Navy from the 15th century, giving location of constructions, date of launch, tonnage, specification and fate. It was published in two volumes by Greenhill Books. Volume 1, first published in 1969, covers major ships; Volume 2, first published in 1970, covers Navy-built trawlers , drifters , tugs and requisitioned ships including Armed Merchant Cruisers . The book
1403-486: The Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8 . [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with the same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change
1464-423: The aggressor. Male seahorses are more aggressive and sometimes fight for female attention. According to Amanda Vincent of Project Seahorse , only males tail-wrestle and snap their heads at each other. This discovery prompted further study of energy costs. To estimate the female's direct contribution, researchers chemically analyzed the energy stored in each egg. To measure the burden on the males, oxygen consumption
1525-479: The biomechanics of prey capture. The unique posture of the seahorse allows them to capture small shrimps at larger distances than the pipefish is capable of. The male seahorse is equipped with a brood pouch on the ventral, or front-facing, side of the tail. When mating, the female seahorse deposits up to 1,500 eggs in the male's pouch. The male carries the eggs for 9 to 45 days until the seahorses emerge fully developed, but very small. The young are then released into
1586-420: The day of copulation. Phase 2 is marked by the female pointing, a behaviour in which the female will raise her head to form an oblique angle with her body. In phase 3 males will also begin the same pointing behaviour in response to the female. Finally, the male and female will repeatedly rise upward together in a water column and end in mid-water copulation, in which the female will transfer her eggs directly into
1647-410: The embryos. Further they also offer immunological protection, osmoregulation, gas exchange and waste transport. The eggs then hatch in the pouch, where the salinity of the water is regulated; this prepares the newborns for life in the sea. The number of young released by the male seahorse averages 100–1000 for most species, but may be as low as 5 for the smaller species, or as high as 2,500. When
1708-602: The expansion of seagrass habitats that served as camouflage for the seahorses' upright posture. These tectonic changes occurred in the western Pacific Ocean , pointing to an origin there, with molecular data suggesting two later, separate invasions of the Atlantic Ocean . In 2016, a study published in Nature found the seahorse genome to be the most rapidly evolving fish genome studied so far. The evolution of seahorses from pipefish may have been an adaptation related to
1769-417: The intensity of the courtship act. Phase 1, the initial courtship phase, typically takes place in the early morning one or two days before physical copulation . During this phase the potential mates brighten in colour, quiver, and display rapid side-to-side body vibrations. These displays are performed alternately by both the male and the female seahorse. The following phases, 2 through 4, happen sequentially on
1830-532: The link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_ships_named_Seahorse&oldid=1077138078 " Categories : Set index articles on ships Ship names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Short description matches Wikidata All set index articles Seahorse see Species . A seahorse (also written sea-horse and sea horse )
1891-413: The male and female anchored to the same plant about 3 cm apart; usually they are facing each other and are still bright in colour from the previous phase. During the first bout, following the facing behaviour, the seahorses will rise upward together anywhere from 2 to 13 cm in a water column. During the final rise, the female will insert her ovipositor and transfer her eggs through an opening into
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1952-454: The male approaches the female, brightens and begins to quiver. The female will follow the male with her own display, in which she will also brighten and quiver about 5 seconds later. As the male quivers, he will rotate his body towards the female who will then rotate her body away. During phase 1 the tails of both seahorses are positioned within 1 cm of each other on the same hold-fast and both of their bodies are angled slightly outward from
2013-476: The male's brood pouch. During fertilization in Hippocampus kuda , the brood pouch was found to be open for only six seconds while egg deposition occurred. During this time seawater entered the pouch where the spermatozoa and eggs meet in a seawater milieu. This hyperosmotic environment facilitates sperm activation and motility. The fertilization is therefore regarded as being physiologically 'external' within
2074-422: The male's brood pouch. This initial courtship behaviour takes place about 30 minutes after dawn on each courtship day, until the day of copulation. During this phase the males and females will remain apart during the night, but after dawn they will come together in a side-by-side position, brighten, and engage in courtship behaviour for about 2 to 38 minutes. There is repeated reciprocal quivering. This starts when
2135-434: The most extreme conditions. They are adept at camouflage, and can grow and reabsorb spiny appendages depending on their habitat. Unusual among fish, a seahorse has a flexible, well-defined neck. It also sports a crown-like spine or horn on its head, termed a "coronet", which is distinct for each species. Seahorses swim very poorly, rapidly fluttering a dorsal fin and using pectoral fins to steer. The slowest-moving fish in
2196-495: The number used for souvenirs, there is insufficient information to assess their risk of extinction, and the risk of losing more seahorses remains a concern. Coral reefs and seagrass beds are deteriorating, reducing viable habitats for seahorses. Additionally, bycatch in many areas causes high cumulative effects on seahorses, with an estimated 37 million individuals being removed annually over 21 countries. While many aquarium hobbyists keep them as pets, seahorses collected from
2257-483: The opportunity arises. H. abdominalis and H. breviceps have been shown to breed in groups, showing no continuous mate preference. Many more species' mating habits have not been studied, so it is unknown how many species are actually monogamous, or how long those bonds actually last. Although monogamy within fish is not common, it does appear to exist for some. In this case, the mate-guarding hypothesis may be an explanation. This hypothesis states, "males remain with
2318-421: The point of attachment. However, the female will shift her tail attachment site, causing the pair to circle their common hold-fast. This phase begins with the female beginning her pointing posture, by leaning her body towards the male, who will simultaneously lean away and quiver. This phase can last up to 54 minutes. Following phase 2 is a latency period (typically between 30 minutes and four hours), during which
2379-415: The potential to produce 17% more offspring than females in a breeding season. Also, females have "time-outs" from the reproductive cycle 1.2 times longer than those of males. This seems to be based on mate choice, rather than physiology. When the female's eggs are ready, she must lay them in a few hours or eject them into the water column. Making eggs is a huge cost to her physically, since they amount to about
2440-404: The pouch wall and become surrounded by a spongy tissue. The pouch provides oxygen, as well as a controlled environment incubator. Though the egg yolk contributes nourishment to the developing embryo, the male sea horses contribute additional nutrients such as energy-rich lipids and also calcium to allow them to build their skeletal system, by secreting them into the brood pouch that are absorbed by
2501-444: The preferred large, pale, and smooth seahorses has been offset by the shift towards prepackaged preparations, which makes it possible for TCM merchants to sell previously unused, or otherwise undesirable juvenile, spiny, and dark-coloured animals. Dried seahorse retails from US$ 600 to $ 3000 per kilogram, with larger, paler, and smoother animals commanding the highest prices. In terms of value based on weight, seahorses retail for more than
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2562-418: The prey. This step is crucial for prey capture, as oral suction only works at a close range. This two-phase prey capture mechanism is termed pivot-feeding. Seahorses have three distinctive feeding phases: preparatory, expansive, and recovery. During the preparatory phase, the seahorse slowly approaches the prey while in an upright position, after which it slowly flexes its head ventrally. In the expansive phase,
2623-510: The price of silver and almost that of gold in Asia. On the basis of the newest overall taxonomic review of the genus Hippocampus with further new species and partial taxonomic review, the number of recognized species in this genus is considered to be 46 (retrieved May 2020): Pygmy seahorses are those members of the genus that are less than 15 mm ( 9 ⁄ 16 in) tall and 17 mm ( 11 ⁄ 16 in) wide. Previously
2684-402: The process worth the great cost to the father. The eggs of most other fish are abandoned immediately after fertilization. Reproduction is energetically costly to the male. This brings into question why the sexual role reversal even takes place. In an environment where one partner incurs more energy costs than the other, Bateman's principle suggests that the lesser contributor takes the role of
2745-423: The same strand of sea grass with their tails, and wheel around in unison in what is known as a "predawn dance". They eventually engage in a "true courtship dance" lasting about 8 hours, during which the male pumps water through the egg pouch on his trunk which expands and opens to display its emptiness. When the female's eggs reach maturity, she and her mate let go of any anchors and drift upward snout-to-snout, out of
2806-453: The sea grass, often spiraling as they rise. They interact for about 6 minutes, reminiscent of courtship. The female inserts her ovipositor into the male's brood pouch and deposits dozens to thousands of eggs. As the female releases her eggs, her body slims while his swells. Both animals then sink back into the sea grass and she swims away. Seahorses exhibit four phases of courtship that are indicated by clear behavioral changes and changes in
2867-467: The seahorse captures its prey by simultaneously elevating its head, expanding the buccal cavity, and sucking in the prey item. During the recovery phase, the jaws, head, and hyoid apparatus of the seahorse return to their original positions. The amount of available cover influences the seahorse's feeding behaviour. For example, in wild areas with small amounts of vegetation, seahorses will sit and wait, but an environment with extensive vegetation will prompt
2928-482: The seahorse in place. They do this by using their prehensile tails to grasp their object of choice. Seahorses feed on small crustaceans floating in the water or crawling on the bottom. With excellent camouflage seahorses ambush prey that floats within striking range, sitting and waiting until an optimal moment. Mysid shrimp and other small crustaceans are favorites, but some seahorses have been observed eating other kinds of invertebrates and even larval fish. In
2989-421: The seahorse to inspect its environment, feeding while swimming rather than sitting and waiting. Conversely, in an aquarium setting with little vegetation, the seahorse will fully inspect its environment and makes no attempt to sit and wait. Because data is lacking on the sizes of the various seahorse populations, as well as other issues including how many seahorses are dying each year, how many are being born, and
3050-513: The seahorses display no courtship behaviour and females are not bright; males will usually display a pumping motion with their body. The third phase begins with the females brightening and assuming the pointing position. The males respond with their own brightening and pointing display. This phase ends with the male departing. It usually lasts nine minutes and can occur one to six times during courtship. The final courtship phase includes 5–8 bouts of courtship. Each bout of courtship begins with both
3111-470: The species diverged from the other species in the ancient past. Most pygmy seahorses are well camouflaged and live in close association with other organisms including colonial hydrozoans ( Lytocarpus and Antennellopsis ), coralline algae ( Halimeda ), and sea fans ( Muricella , Annella , and Acanthogorgia ). This combined with their small size accounts for why most species have only been noticed and classified since 2001. Ships of
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#17327662588073172-541: The stress of moving out of the wild. Although captive-bred seahorses are more expensive, they take no toll on wild populations. Seahorses should be kept in an aquarium with low flow and placid tank mates. They are slow feeders, so fast, aggressive feeders will leave them without food. Seahorses can coexist with many species of shrimp and other bottom-feeding creatures. Gobies also make good tank-mates. Keepers are generally advised to avoid eels , tangs , triggerfish , squid , octopus , and sea anemones . Water quality
3233-413: The term was applied exclusively to the species H. bargibanti but since 1997, discoveries have made this usage obsolete. The species H. minotaur , H. denise , H. colemani , H. pontohi , H. severnsi , H. satomiae , H. waleananus , H. nalu , H. japapigu have been described. Other species that are believed to be unclassified have also been reported in books, dive magazines and on
3294-440: The trade rules set by CITES. The problem may be exacerbated by the growth of pills and capsules as the preferred method of ingesting seahorses. Pills are cheaper and more available than traditional, individually tailored prescriptions of whole seahorses, but the contents are harder to track. Seahorses once had to be of a certain size and quality before they were accepted by TCM practitioners and consumers. Declining availability of
3355-414: The water, and the male often mates again within hours or days during the breeding season. Before breeding, seahorses may court for several days. Scientists believe the courtship behavior synchronizes the animals' movements and reproductive states, so that the male can receive the eggs when the female is ready to deposit them. During this time, they may change color, swim side by side holding tails or grip
3416-466: The wild tend to fare poorly in home aquaria. Many eat only live foods such as brine shrimp and are prone to stress, which damages their immune systems and makes them susceptible to disease. In recent years, however, captive breeding has become more popular. Such seahorses survive better in captivity, and are less likely to carry diseases. They eat frozen mysidacea ( crustaceans ) that are readily available from aquarium stores, and do not experience
3477-559: The world is H. zosterae (the dwarf seahorse), with a top speed of about 1.5 m (5 ft) per hour. Since they are poor swimmers, they are most likely to be found resting with their prehensile tail wound around a stationary object. They have long snouts, which they use to suck up food, and their eyes can move independently of each other like those of a chameleon . Anatomical evidence, supported by molecular, physical, and genetic evidence, demonstrates that seahorses are highly modified pipefish . The fossil record of seahorses, however,
3538-450: Was a Balao -class submarine, commissioned in 1943 and stricken in 1967. USS Seahorse (SSN-669) was a Sturgeon -class submarine, commissioned in 1969 and stricken in 1995. References [ edit ] ^ "LOSS OF THE SEAHORSE TRANSPORT". The Times . No. 9750. London. 6 February 1816. col D, p. 3. ^ Colledge, J. J. ; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of
3599-442: Was a 24-gun sixth rate launched in 1748 and sold in 1784. HMS Seahorse (1794) was a 38-gun fifth rate launched in 1794 and broken up in 1819. HMS Seahorse (1830) was a 46-gun fifth rate launched in 1830. She was converted to a screw frigate in 1847, then a screw mortar vessel in 1856. She was renamed Lavinia and used as a coal hulk in 1870 and was sold in 1902. HMS Seahorse (1880)
3660-545: Was a 670-ton twin screw survey ship, launched in 1881 and sold for scrap in 1920. HMS Seahorse (98S) was an S-class submarine launched in 1932 and sunk in 1940. United States Navy [ edit ] USS Sea Horse (1812) was a one-gun schooner , purchased by the Navy in 1812 for service in the War of 1812 . She was beached and burned to prevent capture in 1814. USS Seahorse (SS-304)
3721-611: Was used. By the end of incubation, the male consumed almost 33% more oxygen than before mating. The study concluded that the female's energy expenditure while generating eggs is twice that of males during incubation, confirming the standard hypothesis. Why the male seahorse (and other members of the Syngnathidae) carries the offspring through gestation is unknown, though some researchers believe it allows for shorter birthing intervals, in turn resulting in more offspring. Given an unlimited number of ready and willing partners, males have
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