112-467: The Red Line is a light rail line on the TRAX system in the Salt Lake Valley of Utah operated by the Utah Transit Authority (UTA). It originally began operation in December 2001 as the peak-hour-only Sandy/University Line , running from the University of Utah south to Sandy Civic Center on the Blue Line. It was later rerouted to South Jordan and renamed the Red Line in August 2011, running as an all-day route. The current line runs from
224-724: A "light rail" vehicle (it is a heavy rail vehicle), and is only included for comparison purposes. Low-floor LRVs have the advantage of a low-floor design, allowing them to load passengers directly from low-rise platforms that can be little more than raised curbs. High-floor light rail systems also exist, featuring larger stations. Historically, the track gauge has had considerable variations, with narrow gauge common in many early systems. However, most light rail systems are now standard gauge . Older standard-gauge vehicles could not negotiate sharp turns as easily as narrow-gauge ones, but modern light rail systems achieve tighter turning radii by using articulated cars . An important advantage of
336-458: A bus, there will be even more capacity when there is a combination of cars and light rail. Table 3 shows an example of peak passenger capacity. The cost of light rail construction varies widely, largely depending on the amount of tunneling and elevated structures required. A survey of North American light rail projects shows that costs of most LRT systems range from $ 15 million to over $ 100 million per mile. Seattle's new light rail system
448-403: A chaotic breakdown inflow and a dramatic drop in speed (a traffic jam ) if they exceed about 2,000 vehicles per hour per lane (each car roughly two seconds behind another). Since most people who drive to work or on business trips do so alone, studies show that the average car occupancy on many roads carrying commuters is only about 1.5 people per car during the high-demand rush hour periods of
560-1142: A common right-of-way (however, Link converted to full separation in 2019). Some systems, such as the AirTrain JFK in New York City, the DLR in London, and Kelana Jaya Line in Kuala Lumpur , have dispensed with the need for an operator. The Vancouver SkyTrain was an early adopter of driverless vehicles, while the Toronto Scarborough rapid transit operated the same trains as Vancouver, but used drivers. In most discussions and comparisons, these specialized systems are generally not considered light rail but as light metro systems. Around Karlsruhe , Kassel , and Saarbrücken in Germany, dual-voltage light rail trains partly use mainline railroad tracks, sharing these tracks with heavy rail trains. In
672-416: A light rail train may have three to four cars of much larger capacity in one train under the control of one driver, or no driver at all in fully automated systems, increasing the labor costs of BRT systems compared to LRT systems. BRT systems are also usually less fuel-efficient as they use non-electrified vehicles. The peak passenger capacity per lane per hour depends on which types of vehicles are allowed on
784-435: A live rail. In outer areas, the trams switch to conventional overhead wires . The Bordeaux power system costs about three times as much as a conventional overhead wire system and took 24 months to achieve acceptable levels of reliability, requiring the replacement of all the main cables and power supplies. Operating and maintenance costs of the innovative power system still remain high. However, despite numerous service outages,
896-543: A longer distance. Light rail cars are often coupled into multiple units of two to four cars. Light rail systems may also exhibit attributes of heavy rail systems, including having downtown subways, as in San Francisco and Seattle . Light rail is designed to address a gap in interurban transportation between heavy rail and bus services, carrying high passenger numbers more quickly than local buses and more cheaply than heavy rail. It serves corridors in which heavy rail
1008-642: A more diverse range of design characteristics than LRT, depending on the demand and constraints that exist, and BRT using dedicated lanes can have a theoretical capacity of over 30,000 passengers per hour per direction (for example, the Guangzhou Bus Rapid Transit system operates up to 350 buses per hour per direction). For the effective operation of a bus or BRT system, buses must have priority at traffic lights and have their dedicated lanes, especially as bus frequencies exceed 30 buses per hour per direction. The higher theoretical of BRT relates to
1120-407: A result, has many of the operating characteristics of a metro system rather than a light rail system. A capacity of 1,350 passengers per train is more similar to the heavy rail than light rail. Bus rapid transit (BRT) is an alternative to LRT and many planning studies undertake a comparison of each mode when considering appropriate investments in transit corridor development. BRT systems can exhibit
1232-534: A top speed of 55–71.5 miles per hour (88.51–115.1 km/h) depending on the system, while the trains on the all-underground Montreal Metro can only reach a top speed of 72 kilometres per hour (44.74 mph). LACMTA light rail vehicles have higher top and average speeds than Montreal Metro or New York City Subway trains. Many light rail systems—even fairly old ones—have a combination of both on- and off-road sections. In some countries (especially in Europe), only
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#17327975577741344-481: A tramway, a light metro, and, in a narrow sense, rapid transit. This is especially common in the United States, where there is not a popularly perceived distinction between these different types of urban rail systems. The development of technology for low-floor and catenary-free trams facilitates the construction of such mixed systems with only short and shallow underground sections below critical intersections as
1456-420: Is Ballpark , which provides service to Smith's Ballpark . (Immediately north of this station is a non-revenue track that extends northwest to South 400 West at West 900 South and then north to West 600 South.) After Ballpark the three lines continue north in the center median of South 200 West, crossing under the 900 South/I-15 on and off ramps, until they reach the next station, 900 South . This station, which
1568-470: Is a generic international English phrase for types of rail systems using modern streetcars/trams, which means more or less the same thing throughout the English-speaking world . Light rail systems can range from trams runnig in streets along with other traffic, to semi-metro systems having portions of grade separated track. People movers are even "lighter", in terms of capacity. Monorail
1680-575: Is a separate technology that has been more successful in specialized services than in a commuter transit role. The use of the generic term light rail avoids some serious incompatibilities between British and American English . The word tram , for instance, is generally used in the UK and many former British colonies to refer to what is known in North America as a streetcar , but in North America tram can instead refer to an aerial tramway , or, in
1792-602: Is a significant amount of overlap between the technologies; similar rolling stock may be used for either, and it is common to classify streetcars or trams as a subcategory of light rail rather than as a distinct type of transportation. However, some distinctions can be made, though systems may combine elements of both. Low-floor light rail lines tend to follow a reserved right-of-way and with trains receiving priority at intersections, and tend not to operate in mixed traffic, enabling higher operating speeds. Light rail lines tend to have less frequent stops than tramways, and operate over
1904-563: Is by far the most expensive in the US, at $ 179 million per mile, since it includes extensive tunneling in poor soil conditions, elevated sections, and stations as deep as 180 feet (55 m) below ground level. This results in costs more typical of subways or rapid transit systems than light rail. At the other end of the scale, four systems (Baltimore, Maryland; Camden, New Jersey; Sacramento, California; and Salt Lake City, Utah) incurred construction costs of less than $ 20 million per mile. Over
2016-590: Is designated as UTA Route 703 . The Red Line begins at Daybreak Parkway , which is adjacent to the University of Utah's South Jordan Medical Center, located in the middle of South Grandville Avenue, north of West Daybreak Parkway and east of the new Mountain View Corridor (SR-85) at about 5200 West and 11400 South in the Daybreak Community of South Jordan. It heads northwest, remaining in
2128-426: Is especially important for wheelchair access, as narrower gauges (e.g. metre gauge) can make it challenging or impossible to pass the tram's wheels. Furthermore, standard-gauge rolling stock can be switched between networks either temporarily or permanently, and both newly built and used standard-gauge rolling stock tends to be cheaper to buy, as more companies offer such vehicles. Overhead lines supply electricity to
2240-502: Is expensive. Similarly, the most expensive US highway expansion project was the " Big Dig " in Boston, Massachusetts, which cost $ 200 million per lane mile for a total cost of $ 14.6 billion. A light rail track can carry up to 20,000 people per hour as compared with 2,000–2,200 vehicles per hour for one freeway lane. For example, in Boston and San Francisco, light rail lines carry 9,600 and 13,100 passengers per hour, respectively, in
2352-575: Is hard to distinguish between what is called light rail, and other forms of urban and commuter rail. A system described as a light rail in one city may be considered to be a streetcar or tram system in another. Conversely, some lines that are called "light rail" are very similar to rapid transit ; in recent years, new terms such as light metro have been used to describe these medium-capacity systems. Some "light rail" systems, such as Sprinter , bear little similarity to urban rail, and could alternatively be classified as commuter rail or even inter-city rail. In
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#17327975577742464-559: Is impractical. Light metro systems are essentially hybrids of light rail and rapid transit. Metro trains are larger and faster than light rail trains, with stops being further apart. Many systems have mixed characteristics. Indeed, with proper engineering, a rail line could run along a street, then go underground, and then run along an elevated viaduct. For example, the Los Angeles Metro Rail 's A Line "light rail" has sections that could alternatively be described as
2576-517: Is just north of West 900 South, is an infill station and the last stop before the TRAX lines reach Downtown Salt Lake City . The three lines continue north in the median of South 200 West, crossing West 800 South, until they reach West 700 South. At West 700 South they turn east and proceed down the middle of that street for two blocks, crossing South West Temple Street ( SR-270 ). At South Main Street ,
2688-614: Is just south of West 2100 South ( SR-201 ). Central Pointe is the only TRAX station served by the S Line . The S Line platform is situated just southeast of the TRAX platform. (The S Line provides streetcar service east to the Fairmont stop in the Sugar House neighborhood of Salt Lake City.) Upon crossing West 2100 South the three TRAX lines leave South Salt Lake and enter Salt Lake City and continue north as they cross West 1700 South and West 1300 South. Just north of West 1300 South
2800-502: Is just west of South 1800 East. After crossing South 1800 East, the Red Line continues northeast in the median of South Campus Drive until it reaches the end of that road at Mario Capecchi Drive (formerly called Wasatch Drive). It then turns north and follows along the west side of Mario Capecchi Drive (South 1900 East, formerly Medical Center Drive) until it reaches Fort Douglas at about 200 South. After Fort Douglas, it continues along
2912-703: Is more commonly referred to as Redwood Road , after the street it is routed along throughout Salt Lake County . The highway is also routed for a short distance along 500 South and 200 West in Bountiful and Camp Williams Road in Utah County. The route is a surface street for its entire length. SR-68 became a state highway in 1931, at which time the route ran from then–US-40 (North Temple Street) in Salt Lake City to present-day US-89 in Lehi . In 1933,
3024-656: Is of Library and Courthouse On weekdays and Saturdays, the first northbound Red Line trains to the University Medical Center Station leave the Central Pointe Station at 4:58 AM and the Daybreak Parkway Station at 4:45 AM. The first southbound trains to the Daybreak Parkway Station leave the Central Pointe Station at 4:56 AM and the University Medical Center Station at 5:30 AM. The last southbound train leaves
3136-484: Is one of the highest capacity ones, having been upgraded in a series of expansions to handle 40,000 passengers per hour per direction, and having carried as many as 582,989 passengers in a single day on its Line 1 . It achieves this volume by running four-car trains with a capacity of up to 1,350 passengers each at a frequency of up to 30 trains per hour. However, the Manila light rail system has full grade separation and as
3248-642: Is referred to as a flying junction .) It then crosses Cottonwood Street (South 367 West) before heading north at the junction with the TRAX Blue Line . The previous station for the Blue Line is Midvale Fort Union , having started in Draper. Just after the junction the two lines cross Winchester Drive and immediately reach Fashion Place West . From Fashion Place West, the Blue and Red lines continue north on
3360-812: Is routed higher up Point of the Mountain. As the route enters Bluffdale on Redwood Road, it turns northeast and intersects with Mountain View Corridor again, then with SR-140 ; the Utah State Prison is located on this road east of the junction. SR-68 then turns north before crossing SR-154 , commonly known as the Bangerter Highway. Soon reverting to two lanes, the route exits Bluffdale and enters Riverton , gaining two lanes in each direction as it passes SR-71 . Continuing north, it enters South Jordan . It intersects with SR-175 , SR-151 , and SR-209 , gaining one more lane in each direction beyond
3472-783: Is the parking garages at the Jordan Valley TRAX Station in West Jordan (which is on the Red Line) and the Draper FrontRunner Station . The cost is $ 1 per day or $ 15 per month, however, payment is only required for parking from 6 am to 6 pm Monday through Friday, except holidays. UTA currently has a Free Fare Zone in Downtown Salt Lake City for transportation patrons that both enter and exit bus or TRAX service within
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3584-542: The Cádiz TramBahia , where trams share track with commuter and long-distance trains from the main terminus in the city and curve off to serve cities without a railway connection. Some of the issues involved in such schemes are: There is a history of what would now be considered light rail vehicles operating on heavy rail rapid transit tracks in the US, especially in the case of interurban streetcars . Notable examples are Lehigh Valley Transit trains running on
3696-757: The Free Fare Zone , Courthouse . At West 400 South (University Boulevard/ US Highway 89 ) the Red Line turns east while the Green and Blue lines continue north to Gallivan Plaza , with the Blue Line ending at Salt Lake Central in Downtown Salt Lake City and the Green Line ending at Airport at the Salt Lake City International Airport . After turning east onto East 400 South, the Red Line continues down
3808-551: The Intermountain Medical Center . It is one of only three joint TRAX/ FrontRunner stations and one of two served by the Blue Line. The FrontRunner platform is located directly west of the TRAX platform. (The FrontRunner provides commuter rail service between Ogden in Weber County through Davis County and Salt Lake County to Provo in central Utah County .) Heading north and slightly to
3920-758: The London Underground and the New York City Subway . Conventional rail technologies including high-speed , freight, commuter , and rapid transit urban transit systems are considered "heavy rail". The main difference between light rail and heavy rail rapid transit is the ability for a light rail vehicle to operate in mixed traffic if the routing requires it. The world's first electric tram operated in Sestroretsk near Saint Petersburg , Russia , invented and operated on an experimental basis by Fyodor Pirotsky in 1880. The first tramway
4032-637: The Netherlands , this concept was first applied on the RijnGouweLijn . This allows commuters to ride directly into the city center, rather than taking a mainline train only as far as a central station and then having to change to a tram. In France, similar tram-trains are planned for Paris, Mulhouse , and Strasbourg ; further projects exist. In some cases, tram trains use previously abandoned or lightly used heavy rail lines in addition to or instead of still in use mainline tracks. In 2022, Spain opened
4144-874: The O-Train Trillium Line in Ottawa, Ontario , Canada, the River Line in New Jersey , United States, and the Sprinter in California , United States, which use diesel multiple unit (DMU) cars. Light rail is different from the British English term light railway , long-used to distinguish railway operations carried out under a less rigorous set of regulations using lighter equipment at lower speeds from mainline railways. Light rail
4256-703: The Philadelphia and Western Railroad high-speed third rail line (now the Norristown High-Speed Line ). Such arrangements are almost impossible now, due to the Federal Railroad Administration refusing (for crash safety reasons) to allow non-FRA compliant railcars (i.e., subway and light rail vehicles) to run on the same tracks at the same times as compliant railcars, which includes locomotives and standard railroad passenger and freight equipment. Notable exceptions in
4368-602: The Salt Lake City metropolitan area . SR-68 is one of two roads that connect Utah and Salt Lake Counties through a bottleneck in the Wasatch Front called Point of the Mountain, referring to the Traverse Mountains . The low-lying area through this neck is occupied by the former Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad . SR-68 is routed on the western slope of the canyon, The other highway, I-15/US-89,
4480-603: The State Capitol (north to 500 North), the bus stops on 400 South between 200 East and 300 East, and three additional TRAX stations: Library , Old GreekTown, and Salt Lake Central. In June 2012 UTA revealed plans to eliminate the Free Fare Zone, but by September 2012 it announced that it would continue the Zone, but with some minor adjustments, including when and how fares are collected. Red Line Free Fare Zone only
4592-677: The University Line . The original line from the University to Sandy ran only twice a day during commute hours, while the University Line ran regularly. The southern end of the line was discontinued on May 1, 2011, leaving Fashion Place West in Murray as the new southern terminus; the line was briefly renamed the Murray–University Line to reflect the change. On August 7, 2011, UTA switched to a color-based naming system and
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4704-530: The medians of roads . If run in streets , trains are usually limited by city block lengths to about four 180-passenger vehicles (720 passengers). Operating on two-minute headways using traffic signal progression, a well-designed two-track system can handle up to 30 trains per hour per track, achieving peak rates of over 20,000 passengers per hour in each direction. More advanced systems with separate rights-of-way using moving block signaling can exceed 25,000 passengers per hour per track. Most light rail systems in
4816-624: The 1970s was proven to have been a technical failure by the following decade. After World War II, the Germans retained many of their streetcar networks and evolved them into model light rail systems ( Stadtbahnen ). With the exception of Hamburg , all large and most medium-sized German cities maintain light rail networks. The concept of a "limited tramway" was proposed by American transport planner H. Dean Quinby in 1962. Quinby distinguished this new concept in rail transportation from historic streetcar or tram systems as: The term light rail transit
4928-495: The French city of Bordeaux , the tramway network is powered by a third rail in the city center, where the tracks are not always segregated from pedestrians and cars. The third rail (actually two closely spaced rails) is placed in the middle of the track and divided into eight-metre sections, each of which is powered only while it is completely covered by a tram. This minimizes the risk of a person or animal coming into contact with
5040-466: The Red Line reaches Jordan Valley . Briefly before and after Jordan Valley the parallel roadway on the north side is West 8600 South (which runs from West Old Bingham Highway to South 3200 West). After crossing South 3200 West, the Red Line no longer follows a roadway right-of-way, but maintains its northeastern course. After crossing the Utah and Salt Lake Canal Trail, it crosses South 2700 West and reaches
5152-691: The Sandy–University (Murray–University) Line became the Red Line, while the original SLC Intermodal-Sandy line became the Blue Line. That day also marked the opening of the Mid-Jordan extension, running from Fashion Place West through Midvale and West Jordan to the Daybreak development in South Jordan. Nine new stations and over 10 miles of track were constructed for the Daybreak extension at an estimated cost of $ 452 million. The TRAX Red Line
5264-662: The US are the NJ Transit River Line from Camden to Trenton and Austin's Capital MetroRail , which have received exemptions to the provision that light rail operations occur only during daytime hours and Conrail freight service only at night, with several hours separating one operation from the other. The O-Train Trillium Line in Ottawa also has freight service at certain hours. With its mix of right-of-way types and train control technologies, LRT offers
5376-455: The US as a whole, excluding Seattle, new light rail construction costs average about $ 35 million per mile. By comparison, a freeway lane expansion typically costs $ 1.0 million to $ 8.5 million per lane mile for two directions, with an average of $ 2.3 million. However, freeways are frequently built in suburbs or rural areas, whereas light rail tends to be concentrated in urban areas, where right of way and property acquisition
5488-666: The United States and in North America . In Britain, modern light rail systems began to appear in the 1980s, starting with the Tyne and Wear Metro from 1980 and followed by the Docklands Light Railway (DLR) in London in 1987, continuing into the 1990s including the establishment of the Manchester Metrolink in 1992 and the Sheffield Supertram from 1994. Due to varying definitions, it
5600-590: The United States are limited by demand rather than capacity (by and large, most American LRT systems carry fewer than 4,000 persons per hour per direction), but Boston's and San Francisco's light rail lines carry 9,600 and 13,100 passengers per hour per track during rush hour. Elsewhere in North America, the Calgary C-Train and Monterrey Metro have higher light rail ridership than Boston or San Francisco. Systems outside North America often have much higher passenger volumes. The Manila Light Rail Transit System
5712-472: The United States, "light rail" has become a catch-all term to describe a wide variety of passenger rail systems. Light rail corridors may constitute a fully segregated corridor, a dedicated right-of-way on a street, an on-street corridor shared with other traffic, a corridor shared with other public transport, or a corridor shared with pedestrians. The most difficult distinction to draw is that between low-floor light rail and streetcar or tram systems. There
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#17327975577745824-730: The United States, light rail operates primarily along exclusive rights-of-way and uses either individual tramcars or multiple units coupled together, with a lower capacity and speed than a long heavy rail passenger train or rapid transit system. Narrowly defined, light rail transit uses rolling stock that is similar to that of a traditional tram, while operating at a higher capacity and speed, often on an exclusive right-of-way. In broader use, it includes tram-like operations mostly on streets. A few light rail networks have characteristics closer to rapid transit or even commuter rail , yet only when these systems are fully grade-separated are they referred to as light metros . The term light rail
5936-542: The University Medical Center Station at 11:30 PM and the last northbound train leaves the Daybreak Parkway Station at 11:24 PM. However, the last trains only go as far as the Central Pointe Station. The last southbound train to the Daybreak Parkway Station leaves the University Medical Center Station at 10:45 PM and the last northbound train to the University Medical Center Station leaves the Daybreak Parkway Center Station at 10:24 PM. On Sundays,
6048-627: The University of Utah Medical Center in Salt Lake City through the south end of Downtown Salt Lake City , South Salt Lake , Murray , Midvale , West Jordan , and South Jordan to the University of Utah's South Jordan Medical Center in Daybreak . The 703 route number was first used by the Sandy/University Line, also known as the Murray/Midvale/University Line, which opened on December 15, 2001, along with
6160-1124: The West Jordan City Cemetery before reaching Historic Gardner . This station is located just south of Gardner Village . From the Historic Gardner, it heads north crossing over the North Jordan Canal and then over West 7800 South. It then briefly runs along the west side of, but parallel to, the Jordan River Parkway (and trail) and the Jordan River . It then heads east and crosses over the Jordan River (leaving West Jordan and entering Midvale) before crossing Bingham Junction Boulevard and reaching Bingham Junction . It then crosses over South 700 West before turning north and crossing West 7300 South. Continuing north it crosses over West 7200 South and then crosses West 6960 South before passing by
6272-409: The Zone. The Zone covers an area of approximately thirty-six city blocks and the boundaries are roughly North Temple, 200 East, 500 South, and 400 West. TRAX stations within the Zone include Arena, City Center, Courthouse, Gallivan Plaza (mistakenly identified as "Gallivan Center Station" on the Free Fare Zone map), Planetarium, and Temple Square. In addition, the Free Fare Zone also includes the area of
6384-415: The ability of buses to travel closer to each other than rail vehicles and their ability to overtake each other at designated locations allowing express services to bypass those that have stopped at stations. However, to achieve capacities this high, BRT station footprints need to be significantly larger than a typical LRT station. In terms of cost of operation, each bus vehicle requires a single driver, whereas
6496-813: The case of the Disney amusement parks , even a land train . (The usual British term for an aerial tramway is cable car , which in the US usually refers to a ground-level car pulled along by subterranean cables .) The word trolley is often used as a synonym for streetcar in the United States but is usually taken to mean a cart, particularly a shopping cart, in the UK and elsewhere. Many North American transportation planners reserve streetcar for traditional vehicles that operate exclusively in mixed traffic on city streets, while they use light rail to refer to more modern vehicles operating mostly in exclusive rights of way, since they may operate both side-by-side targeted at different passenger groups. The difference between British English and American English terminology arose in
6608-421: The closure of Glasgow Corporation Tramways (one of the largest in Europe) in 1962. Although some traditional trolley or tram systems continued to exist in San Francisco and elsewhere, the term "light rail" has come to mean a different type of rail system as modern light rail technology has primarily post-WWII West German origins. An attempt by Boeing Vertol to introduce a new American light rail vehicle in
6720-495: The current stations of the Red Line, from north to south. Light rail Light rail (or light rail transit , abbreviated to LRT ) is a form of passenger urban rail transit that uses rolling stock derived from tram technology while also having some features from heavy rapid transit . The term was coined in 1972 in the United States as an English equivalent for the German word Stadtbahn , meaning "city railway". Different definitions exist in some countries, but in
6832-415: The day. This combination of factors limits roads carrying only automobile commuters to a maximum observed capacity of about 3,000 passengers per hour per lane. The problem can be mitigated by introducing high-occupancy vehicle ( HOV ) lanes and ride-sharing programs, but in most cases, policymakers have chosen to add more lanes to the roads, despite a small risk that in unfavorable situations an extension of
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#17327975577746944-698: The direct translation, which is city rail (the Norwegian term, by bane , means the same). However, UMTA finally adopted the term light rail instead. Light in this context is used in the sense of "intended for light loads and fast movement", rather than referring to physical weight. The infrastructure investment is also usually lighter than would be found for a heavy rail system. The American Public Transportation Association (APTA), in its Glossary of Transit Terminology, defines light rail as: ...a mode of transit service (also called streetcar, tramway, or trolley) operating passenger rail cars singly (or in short, usually two-car or three-car, trains) on fixed rails in
7056-497: The east from Murray Central, the Blue and Red lines cross West Vine Street (West 5090 South) and over Little Cottonwood Creek before continuing directly north as they cross West 4800 South and the 4500 South Frontage Road. After crossing over West 4500 South ( SR-266 ) the lines reach Murray North at about 4300 South. After crossing West Fireclay Avenue the lines curve slightly to the west as they continue north and cross over Big Cottonwood Creek. Upon crossing over Big Cottonwood Creek,
7168-409: The east side of South 300 West (Cottonwood Street) as they cross over I-215 and then cross West 6100 South and West 5900 South. Just prior to crossing over West 5400 South ( SR-173 /Spartan Street), the lines curve slightly to the east as they cross under Cottonwood Street (which curves more sharply to the east). At about 5150 South, the lines reach Murray Central . This station is located just west of
7280-407: The east side of University Street. Just after turning north, it reaches Stadium , which is just west of the Rice-Eccles Stadium . It then turns east at South Campus Drive (East 400 South) and briefly runs along the south side of that street. As South Campus Drive does a slight jog to the north (around the north end of the Rice-Eccles Stadium), the Red Line shifts from the south side of the street to
7392-404: The failed planned community of Mosida before turning north again. Once more turning northeast, the highway approaches the western shore of the lake and runs parallel to it before once more turning north. After turning northwest, the highway enters Saratoga Springs . The route turns north near Utah Lake's northern shore, widening to two lanes each direction at the intersection with 400 South. For
7504-411: The first northbound Red Line trains to the University Medical Center Station leave the Central Pointe Station at 5:22 AM and the Daybreak Parkway Station at 5:49 AM. The first southbound trains to the Daybreak Parkway Station leave the Central Pointe Station at 5:03 AM and the University Medical Center Station at 6:08 AM. The last southbound train leaves the University Medical Center Station at 11:08 PM and
7616-454: The frontage road of SR-201. This section of route, from 2100 South to 1700 North, is known as the Pete Suazo Memorial Highway . West of Salt Lake City, the highway passes over the surplus canal of the Jordan River as it goes through the neighborhoods of Glendale and Poplar Grove . It arrives at an interchange with I-80 east of Salt Lake City International Airport . The road loses one lane northbound beyond 1000 North as it proceeds through
7728-476: The highway loses one lane in each direction. Redwood Road turns east onto 500 South and enters Bountiful . Past an interchange at I-15, the route gains one passing lane and turns south onto 200 West, a two-lane undivided road. The highway turns southwest and defaults onto southbound US-89 within the city of Woods Cross. In 1931, the state legislature added State Route 68 to the state highway system. It followed Redwood Road from US-40 (North Temple Street) south to
7840-525: The last northbound train leaves the Daybreak Parkway Station at 10:49 PM. However, the last trains only go as far as the Central Pointe Station. The last southbound train to the Daybreak Parkway Station leaves the University Medical Center Station at 10:38 PM and the last northbound train to the University Medical Center Station leaves the Daybreak Parkway Center Station at 9:49 PM. Red Line trains run every fifteen minutes on weekdays and Saturday and every thirty minutes on Sundays. The following table lists
7952-401: The late 19th century when Americans adopted the term "street railway", rather than "tramway", with the vehicles being called "streetcars" rather than "trams". Some have suggested that the Americans' preference for the term "street railway" at that time was influenced by German emigrants to the United States (who were more numerous than British immigrants in the industrialized Northeast), as it is
8064-418: The latter intersection, and enters West Jordan and central Salt Lake County. Soon reaching Taylorsville , the highway intersects I-215 . Shortly thereafter, the road passes Salt Lake Community College and enters West Valley City . It soon reaches a single-point urban interchange at SR-201 that lies on the border of West Valley City and Salt Lake City. The highway loses one lane in each direction past
8176-524: The latter is described as light rail. In those places, trams running on mixed rights-of-way are not regarded as a light rail but considered distinctly as streetcars or trams. However, the requirement for saying that a rail line is "separated" can be quite low—sometimes just with concrete "buttons" to discourage automobile drivers from getting onto the tracks. Some systems such as Seattle's Link had on-road mixed sections but were closed to regular road traffic, with light rail vehicles and buses both operating along
8288-462: The light rail concept was the "Shaker Heights Rapid Transit" which started in the 1920s, was renovated in 1980-81 and is now part of RTA Rapid Transit . Many original tram and streetcar systems in the United Kingdom , United States , and elsewhere were decommissioned starting in the 1950s as subsidies for the car increased. Britain abandoned its tram systems, except for Blackpool , with
8400-491: The lines also leave Murray and briefly enter unincorporated Salt Lake County. Continuing north and slightly to the west, the lines cross West Central Avenue and then West 3900 South. At West 3900 South the lines leave unincorporated Salt Lake County and enter South Salt Lake. Immediately north of West 3900 South is Meadowbrook . From this station the lines head directly north until they cross West 3300 South ( SR-171 ) and immediately reach Millcreek . Continuing north from Millcreek
8512-533: The lines cross West Gregson Avenue, West 2950 South, and West 2700 South, before crossing under I-80 . From I-80 the lines continue north and cross West Haven Avenue before the junction with the TRAX Green Line . The previous station for the Green Line is River Trail , having originated in West Valley City . Just after the junction all three lines head north and reach Central Pointe , which
8624-713: The lines turn north and continue down the center median of that street and cross West 600 South (Martin Luther King Jr Boulevard/ SR-269 eastbound), pass between the Grand America Hotel and the Little America Hotel, and then cross West 500 South (Cesar E Chavez Boulevard/SR-269 westbound). Just north of West 500 South and slightly west of the Scott Matheson Courthouse , is the first station within
8736-486: The median of East 400 South, it crosses South 300 East, South 400 East, South 500 East, and South 600 East before reaching Trolley located between the 4th South Market and Family Center shopping centers but named for the Trolley Square mall located two blocks away. After crossing South 700 East and South 800 East, but just before crossing South 900 East is the next station, 900 East & 400 South . Continuing in
8848-498: The median of the street, the Red Line heads east, but does a jog to the south as East University Boulevard heads south at 1000 East and then east again at 500 South. (This jog to the south is also where the Red Line ascends the east bench.) Continuing east in the median of East 500 South, it crosses South 1100 East and South 1300 East before reaching the University of Utah campus. The Red Line then turns north to briefly run along
8960-473: The median. After passing the stadium and crossing South 1500 East, it heads southeast, crossing through the roundabout at the north end of Campus Center Drive (South 1580 East). Remaining in the median of the street, it then passes the Utah Museum of Fine Arts on the north and crosses South 1725 East (Campus Center Drive/Research Road) and heads northeast until it reaches University South Campus , which
9072-651: The middle of South Grandville Avenue, until it reaches about 5600 West and 10900 South, at which point South Grandville Avenue (now South 5200 West) heads north. Shortly thereafter, it reaches the next station, South Jordan Parkway . Continuing north, it crosses over Bingham Creek and then leaves the Daybreak Community and South Jordan and enters West Jordan just before reaching the next station 5600 W Old Bingham Hwy . It then heads northwest just south of and paralleling West Old Bingham Highway. After crossing South 5200 West and South 4800 West, it immediately reaches
9184-545: The middle of that street, passing the Frank E. Moss United States Courthouse on the south before crossing State Street ( US Highway 89 ). After passing the Salt Lake City and County Building on the south it crosses South 200 East and reaches Library , which is just north of the Salt Lake City Public Library . Library is the last station on the Red Line that is within the Free Fare Zone. Continuing in
9296-543: The neighborhood of Rose Park in the northwestern portion of the city; the second southbound lane is lost north of 1300 North. The highway crosses the Jordan River before exiting the county. Entering Davis County and North Salt Lake , SR-68 reaches a second interchange with I-215 at its Exit 27. Originally a diamond interchange , this has been reconfigured to a diverging diamond interchange . The road briefly turns northeast before drifting north again and gaining one lane in each direction. Before passing Skypark Airport ,
9408-553: The next station 2700 West Sugar Factory Road . Maintaining its northeastern course, the Red Line runs north of, but parallel to, Sugar Factory Road (West 8250 South) as it crosses over the South Jordan Canal and then immediately crosses South 2200 West. Thereafter, it continues northeast, while Sugar Factory Road heads due east. After crossing South Redwood Road (South 1700 West/ SR-68 ), it reaches West Jordan City Center . Briefly before and after West Jordan City Center
9520-485: The next station, 4800 W Old Bingham Hwy . Continuing northeast and still paralleling West Old Bingham Highway, it crosses Wasatch Meadows Drive (South 4490 West), West 9000 South (with the Provo Reservoir Canal running under this crossing), and South 4000 West. After crossing over Bangeter Highway (SR-154), it continues on its northeastern course. Just after West Old Bingham Highway heads directly north
9632-521: The north end of SR-68 and the south end of SR-153 together, and two years later SR-68 was extended north to absorb SR-153. In 1953, Redwood Road north of 2300 North became SR-249, which turned east at 500 South in Davis County to end at US-89/US-91 (500 West) in Bountiful. To provide for route continuity on a truck bypass route of Salt Lake City, SR-68 and SR-249 were swapped in 1960, bringing
9744-411: The north end of SR-68 to Bountiful and making SR-249 a short connection on 2300 North. At the same time, SR-68 was extended south from the intersection with SR-73 around the west side of Utah Lake to US-6 at Elberta, with the portion east to Lehi becoming an extension of SR-73. SR-249 was extended west along a proposed roadway to 2200 West and 2200 North in 1961, "in order to provide an adequate road from
9856-484: The north to the Salt Lake City municipal airport ", but in 1969 the entire route was removed from the state highway system. SR-68 was extended slightly east at its north end, from 500 West (US-89) to 200 West ( SR-106 ), in 1975, and, in 2001, with the removal of SR-106 through downtown Bountiful from the state highway system, SR-68 was extended south along 200 West, formerly SR-106, to Parkin Junction on US-89. When
9968-465: The old and new systems. Since the 1980s, Portland, Oregon , has built all three types of system: a high-capacity light rail system in dedicated lanes and rights-of-way, a low-capacity streetcar system integrated with street traffic, and an aerial tram system . The opposite phrase heavy rail , used for higher-capacity, higher-speed systems, also avoids some incompatibilities in terminology between British and American English, for instance in comparing
10080-402: The parallel roadway on the south side is West 8045 South (which runs from South 1650 West to South 1500 West). The West Jordan City Hall, 3rd District Courthouse, West Jordan court building, and Jordan School District office building are northwest and north of this station. From South 1500 West, the Red Line maintains is northeastern course as it crosses South 1300 West and then passes south of
10192-525: The peak direction during rush hour. Utah State Route 68 State Route 68 ( SR-68 ) is a state highway in the U.S. state of Utah . It is a major thoroughfare throughout the Wasatch Front as it runs north–south for 70.8 miles (113.9 km), linking US-6 near Elberta to US-89 in Woods Cross . The route intersects several major freeways and highways in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area including I-215 , I-80 , and I-15 . The route
10304-523: The present SR-73 and then used SR-73 east to US-50 /US-89/ US-91 (now solely US-89) in Lehi. The state added 900 West and Warm Springs Road from US-40 north to US-89/US-91 at Becks as SR-153 in 1933. Becks is the name of a rail siding , 4 miles (6 km) north of downtown Salt Lake, that briefly served as the terminus of a commuter rail line to Beck's Hot Springs. In 1943 SR-153 was moved west to Redwood Road, returning to Becks via 2300 North. This brought
10416-556: The required clearance height can be reduced significantly compared to conventional light rail vehicles. Reference speed from major light rail systems, including station stop time, is shown below. However, low top speed is not always a differentiating characteristic between light rail and other systems. For example, the Siemens S70 LRVs used in the Houston METRORail and other North American LRT systems have
10528-680: The rest of the way north of this point, SR-68 is part of the National Highway System . The route then intersects Pony Express Parkway, which connects to Eagle Mountain , then the route continues north to intersections with Pioneer Crossing and SR-73 . Past the SR-73 intersection, the route turns northwest and intersects the east spur of the Mountain View Corridor (SR-85), then passes slightly east of Camp Williams . The highway then enters Salt Lake County and
10640-432: The right-of-way that is often separated from other traffic for part or much of the way. Light rail vehicles are typically driven electrically with power being drawn from an overhead electric line via a trolley [pole] or a pantograph ; driven by an operator onboard the vehicle; and may have either high platform loading or low-level boarding using steps." However, some diesel-powered transit is designated light rail, such as
10752-415: The road network might lead to increased travel times ( Downs–Thomson paradox , Braess's paradox ). By contrast, light rail vehicles can travel in multi-car trains carrying a theoretical ridership up to 20,000 passengers per hour in much narrower rights-of-way , not much more than two car lanes wide for a double track system. They can often be run through existing city streets and parks , or placed in
10864-401: The roads. Typically roadways have 1,900 passenger cars per lane per hour (pcplph). If only cars are allowed, the capacity will be less and will not increase when the traffic volume increases. When there is a bus driving on this route, the capacity of the lane will be higher and will increase when the traffic level increases. And because the capacity of a light rail system is higher than that of
10976-438: The route was extended north to US-89 at Beck's Hot Springs. SR-68 was routed onto Redwood Road in 1943, taking over what had been designated SR-153. In 1960, SR-68 switched alignments with SR-249 to follow Redwood Road and 2300 North to Bountiful; the route was extended south to Elberta at this time also. SR-249 was extended west along a proposed roadway to 2200 West and 2200 North in 1961 before being removed in 1969. In 2001, SR-68
11088-671: The same as the German term for the mode, Straßenbahn (meaning "street railway"). A further difference arose because, while Britain abandoned all of its trams after World War II except in Blackpool , eight major North American cities ( Toronto , Boston , Philadelphia , San Francisco , Pittsburgh , Newark , Cleveland , and New Orleans ) continued to operate large streetcar systems. When these cities upgraded to new technology, they called it light rail to differentiate it from their existing streetcars since some continued to operate both
11200-481: The segment between I-215 and 5400 West has increased 13 percent since 1998. A four-way intersection in Elberta with US-6 marks the southern terminus of the route as it starts north on a two-lane undivided highway. The highway exits Elberta and continues north along the sparsely-populated portion of western Utah County . The southwestern shore of Utah Lake appears as the road briefly turns northeast. The route passes
11312-408: The standard gauge is that standard railway maintenance equipment can be used on it, rather than custom-built machinery. Using standard gauges also allows light rail vehicles to be conveniently moved around using the same tracks as freight railways. Additionally, wider gauges (e.g. standard gauge) provide more floor clearance on low-floor trams that have constricted pedestrian areas at the wheels, which
11424-551: The system was a success with the public, gaining up to 190,000 passengers per day. Automatic train operation is employed on light rail networks, tracking the position and speed of a train and hence adjusting its movement for safety and efficiency. One line of light rail (requires 7.6 m, 25' right of way) has a theoretical capacity of up to 8 times more than one 3.7 m (12 foot) lane on a freeway, excluding busses, during peak times. Roads have ultimate capacity limits that can be determined by traffic engineering , and usually experience
11536-503: The trams, making it safe on city streets. Several systems in Europe and a few recently opened systems in North America use diesel -powered trains. When electric streetcars were introduced in the late 19th century, conduit current collection was one of the first ways of supplying power, but it proved to be much more expensive, complicated, and trouble-prone than overhead wires . When electric street railways became ubiquitous, conduit power
11648-460: The vast majority of light rail systems. This avoids the danger potentially presented by an electrified third rail . The Docklands Light Railway uses an inverted third rail for its electrical power, which allows the electrified rail to be covered and the power drawn from the underside. Trams in Bordeaux , France, use a special third-rail configuration where the power is only switched on beneath
11760-626: The west side of Mario Capecchi Drive as it ascends a bit more and briefly heads northeast and then northwest. At about 10 North 1900 East is the last station on the Red Line, University Medical Center . It is immediately south of Primary Children's Medical Center and southeast of the multiple buildings on the campus of University of Utah Medical Center . Many TRAX stations include free Park and Ride lots, with some lots having as few as six parking spaces and others having nearly 1200. However, there are certain restrictions for all lots (for example, no 24-hour parking). The only parking for which UTA charges
11872-641: The west side of the UTA's Lovendahl Rail Service Center and heading northeast under the southbound on ramp from I-215 to I-15 and then I-15 itself (leaving Midvale and entering Murray). The Red Line then crosses under the Union Pacific and FrontRunner tracks and under the I-15 northbound off ramps to I-215. (In railway terminology the Red Line's crossing under the Union Pacific and FrontRunner tracks
11984-434: The widest range of latitude of any rail system in the design, engineering, and operating practices. The challenge in designing light rail systems is to realize the potential of LRT to provide fast, comfortable service while avoiding the tendency to overdesign that results in excessive capital costs beyond what is necessary to meet the public's needs. The BART railcar in the following chart is not generally considered to be
12096-543: Was coined in 1972 by the U.S. Urban Mass Transportation Administration (UMTA; the precursor to the Federal Transit Administration ) to describe new streetcar transformations that were taking place in Europe and the United States. In Germany, the term Stadtbahn (to be distinguished from S-Bahn , which stands for Stadtschnellbahn ) was used to describe the concept, and many in UMTA wanted to adopt
12208-402: Was extended south on a former piece of SR-106 in Bountiful. On average , the most driven-on portion of SR-68 is between I-215 and 5400 South, with 66,635 cars-per-day traveling between these two points in 2007. The lowest traffic is recorded at the beginning point of the route through Elberta, with an average of 1,120 cars per day. Traffic along SR-68 in Elberta has increased 135 percent, and
12320-677: Was introduced in North America in 1972 to describe this new concept of rail transportation. Prior to that time the abbreviation "LRT" was used for " Light Rapid Transit " and " Light Rail Rapid Transit ". The first of the new light rail systems in North America began operation in 1978 when the Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta , adopted the German Siemens-Duewag U2 system, followed three years later by Calgary, Alberta , and San Diego, California . The concept proved popular, with there now being numerous light rail systems in
12432-632: Was the Gross-Lichterfelde tramway in Lichterfelde near Berlin in Germany, which opened in 1881. It was built by Werner von Siemens who contacted Pirotsky. It initially drew current from the rails, with overhead wire being installed in 1883. The first interurban to emerge in the United States was the Newark and Granville Street Railway in Ohio, which opened in 1889. An early example of
12544-527: Was used in those cities that did not permit overhead wires. In Europe, it was used in London, Paris, Berlin, Marseille, Budapest, and Prague. In the United States, it was used in parts of New York City and Washington, D.C. Third rail technology was investigated for use on the Gold Coast of Australia for the G:link light rail, though power from overhead lines was ultimately utilized for that system. In
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