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34-508: United Presbyterian may refer to: United Presbyterian Church of North America United Presbyterian Church of Scotland United Presbyterian Church in the United States of America Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title United Presbyterian . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

68-413: A Particular Baptist , introduced hymn-singing in his congregation in 1673, leading to a debate with Isaac Marlow , who opposed congregational singing altogether. By the end of the seventeenth century, hymn-singing was on its way to being acceptable among English Baptists. In 1719, Isaac Watts , an early eighteenth-century English Congregationalist minister, published Psalms of David, Imitated in

102-746: A hendiatris , referring to the various titles of the Psalms as used in the Septuagint . Another basis would be the Christology of the Psalms, especially seen in Hebrews 2:12 quoting Psalm 22:22 as the words of Christ, demonstrating Christ being among the congregants during worship. The clean, pure and holy one of Psalm 24, who is able to stand perfectly before the Father, would also be the King of glory, and

136-517: A "Hallelujah", indicating a similar liturgical purpose for its ancient users. The Psalms of David formed the core of liturgical music for the early church, to which other songs from the Old and New Testaments ( canticles ) were added. In addition, early Christians wrote original compositions for singing in worship alongside biblical texts. Soon after the New Testament period, psalmody took

170-561: A bishop in the Church of Pakistan. They have included Christian craftsmen, artisans, teachers, professors, doctors and nurses. After the partition of India, mission schools were nationalized by the Muslim Pakistani government; the training future leadership faces a difficult future. Exclusive psalmody Exclusive psalmody is the practice of singing only the biblical Psalms in congregational singing as worship . Today it

204-578: A mostly ethnic Scottish denomination, but after some years it grew more ethnically diverse, although universally English-speaking, and was geographically centered in Western Pennsylvania and eastern Ohio , areas of heavy Scottish and Scotch-Irish settlement on the American frontier. Within that territory, a large part of its adherents lived in rural areas, which amplified the denomination's already traditionalist worldview. The founders of

238-577: A preferred position in the worship of the church. There was some hymn-writing in Eastern churches , but in the West psalms and canticles were used almost exclusively until the time of Ambrose of Milan at the end of the fourth century. Even then, the psalms were not completely replaced by original hymns. During the Protestant Reformation , new church music was written in order to revive

272-535: A principle in his justification for the practice. Later exclusive psalmodists contended that since God has given Christians a collection of 150 worship songs and provides scriptural examples of them being sung, God requires these songs to be used in public worship and forbids others to be sung (2 Chronicles 5:13, 2 Chronicles 20:21, 2 Chronicles 29:30, Ezra 3:11, Exodus 15:1). As such, "psalms, hymns and spiritual songs" in Ephesians 5:19 and Colossians 3:16 would serve as

306-520: A tradition of English-language hymnody. Works like the 1562 English Sternhold and Hopkins Psalter were popular among the Reformed. Literal translations of the Psalms began to be preferred by the Reformed over the looser translations of the Genevan and Sternhold and Hopkins psalters in the latter part of the sixteenth century. Some of the most influential psalters of the seventeenth century were

340-532: Is practised by several Protestant, especially Reformed denominations. Hymns besides the Psalms have been composed by Christians since the earliest days of the church, but psalms were preferred by the early church and used almost exclusively until the end of the fourth century. During the Protestant Reformation , Martin Luther and many other reformers, including those associated with the Reformed tradition, used hymns as well as psalms, but John Calvin preferred

374-535: The Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America .) The church moderated some of its stances in the twentieth century, such as when it released its Confessional Statement and Testimony (1925), abandoning compulsion of such practices as exclusive psalmody . Around this time, the UPCNA sought mergers with various other Reformed churches and agreed to merge with the much larger PCUSA in 1958,

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408-736: The Regulative Principle of Worship is as follows: 1. The Psalms are a trustworthy guide to proper worship. 2. The Psalms command that we sing of the works and deeds of the Lord: [Psalm 9:11 ESV] Sing praises to the LORD, who sits enthroned in Zion! Tell among the peoples his deeds! [Psalm 105:2 ESV] Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works! [Psalm 107:22 ESV] And let them offer sacrifices of thanksgiving, and tell of his deeds in songs of joy! 3. The works and deeds of

442-692: The Scottish Psalter of 1635 and the Bay Psalm Book of 1640, which was the first book printed in America. Seventeenth-century Reformed theologians did not reach a consensus on the propriety of hymns in worship, and several argued that they were permissible, including John Ball and Edward Leigh . Thomas Ford also seems to have favored an inclusive rather than exclusive psalmody, while clearly preferring biblical psalms. Benjamin Keach ,

476-570: The Arab world. However, due to Religious Controversies and the waning interest in evangelicalism by the university's founder Charles A. Watson , the relationship slowly deteriorated and now the university is no longer connected to the UPCNA. From the beginning, the goal of the Sialkot Mission of the UPCNA, established in 1854, was the encouragement and nurturing of leadership for the Synod of

510-693: The Associate Presbyterian Church of North America, nicknamed the "Seceders" , were direct immigrants from Scotland, and reflected the numerous quarrels and divisions which rent Scottish Presbyterianism. Even after the Scot Seceders had made their peace with other elements in the mother country, American Seceders retained their separate identity until 1858, when most of them united with much of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church to form

544-613: The Associate Reformed missionaries had 600 converts in a network of stations by 1875, and 4600 members by 1895, seeking to convert Copts , with occasional outreach to Muslims as well. Local government officials were hostile but by 1917, the " American Mission " was the largest Protestant group in Egypt, and had spent over £E800,000 on its missionary efforts. The American Mission was the largest Protestant operation in Egypt. It trained local clerics, built schools, and by 1894 reached

578-455: The Language of the New Testament, in which "imitated" means "interpreted," rather than being a strict translation. Some complained that his psalms were not translations at all, but paraphrases. Watts also wrote many hymns, many of which imitated the psalms. The rise of pietism in the eighteenth century led to an even greater dominance of hymns, and many of the Reformed reintroduced hymns in

612-583: The Lord Jesus are most fully revealed in the New Testament. 4. The Psalms command new songs (Psalms 33:3, Psalms 40:3, Psalms 96:1, Psalms 98:1, Psalms 144:9, Psalms 149:1). Therefore, the argument goes, new songs concerning the works and deeds of Jesus from the NT are commanded and required for proper worship. Additionally, EP doctrine does not allow the "whole council of God" to be included in sung worship, vs allowing it in all other elements. One objection to

646-464: The Old Testament, including the Psalms, only speak of Jesus in "types and shadows", not directly using His revealed NT name. The argument claims that to rightfully sing of Jesus as Lord and Savior, one must sing incorporating the proper name of Jesus (i.e., Joshua, Yeshua, Ἰησοῦς, ישוע) to refer to the revealed Jesus, which the Psalms do not do. An additional objection to the doctrine aligned to

680-537: The Psalms and they were the only music allowed for worship in Geneva . This became the norm for the next 200 years of Reformed worship . Hymnody became acceptable again for the Reformed in the middle of the nineteenth century, though several denominations, notably the Reformed Presbyterians , continue the practice of exclusive psalmody. The singing of psalms was included in the synagogue service at

714-885: The Punjab in colonial India , which was later partitioned in 1947 between independent India and the newly created state of Pakistan. In the Punjab Province of undivided India, United Presbyterian churches were established in the cities of Rawalpindi (1856), Gujranwala (1863), Gurdaspur (1872), Jhelum (1874), Zafarwal (1880), Pathankot (1882), Pasrur (1884), Dhariwal (1890), Lyallpur (1895), Sangla Hill (1901), Sargodha (1905), Lahore (1913), and Badomali (1915), Campbellpur (1916), Martinpur (1918), Taxila (1921), Sheikhupura (1923). Christian missionaries established hospitals, schools, technical training centers, and colleges as well. These leaders have ranged from illiterate village elders to pastors of important city congregations, as well as

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748-830: The United Presbyterian Church of North America. Historian William L. Fisk traces the history of the Associate Reformed Church in the Old Northwest from its formation by a union of Associate and Reformed Presbyterians in 1782 to the merger of this body with other groups to form the United Presbyterian Church in 1858. It became the Associate Reformed Synod of the West and remain centered in the Midwest. It withdrew from

782-578: The West and of the cities, and a declining interest in maintaining the unique characteristics of its immigrant past. Its theology was a conservative Calvinism and also held the distinctives of the Covenanters and Seceders, such as public covenanting, adherence to the Solemn League and Covenant , and exclusive use of the Psalms in singing. (These are similar to a sister body that still exists,

816-670: The adoption of "modern" Western attitudes. The independent, postcolonial church grew out of the political and social environment of Egypt. The synod became the Coptic Evangelical Church, and was wholly controlled by Egyptians in 1957. Separately the American Mission also created the American University in Cairo in 1919, which quickly became a center for Americanization and modernization in

850-497: The early eighteenth century. Hymnody became acceptable for Presbyterians and Anglicans around the middle of the nineteenth century, though the Reformed Presbyterians continue to insist on exclusive a cappella psalmody. The practice of exclusive psalmody is sometimes based on a strict (sometimes called ' Puritan ') interpretation of the regulative principle of worship , the teaching that only scriptural elements may be included in worship. However, John Calvin did not invoke such

884-415: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Presbyterian&oldid=933226529 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages United Presbyterian Church of North America It began as

918-503: The only Mediator who can lead the congregation to worship the Father (John 14:6). One counterargument to the doctrine is the fact that exclusive psalmody (EP) implicitly prohibits the New Testament (NT) revealed name of Jesus in sung worship. The EP position is that the word ישוע ("yeshua") is used many times in the Psalms and it is the root source of the name of Jesus. The assertion is that this satisfies any requirement concerning

952-639: The parent body in 1820 because of the drift of the Eastern churches toward assimilation into the larger Presbyterian Church. The Associate Reformed Synod of the West maintained the characteristics of an immigrant church with Scotch-Irish roots, emphasized the Westminster standards, used only the psalms in public worship, was Sabbatarian, and was strongly abolitionist and anti-Catholic. In the 1850s it exhibited many evidences of assimilation. It showed greater ecumenical interest, greater interest in evangelization of

986-748: The practice of congregational singing, which had been replaced by the singing of monastic choirs in Latin. Martin Luther and leaders of the Reformed wing of the Reformation in Strasbourg , Constance , and elsewhere wrote music for psalm texts as well as original hymns, but John Calvin in Geneva used biblical psalms almost exclusively in the Genevan Psalter , though it contained some gospel canticles and catechetical songs. This psalter

1020-530: The status of a synod with four presbyteries. By 1926 it became the "Evangelical Church in Egypt," and while still part of the UPC it was self-governing, and operated its own seminary. However, with the "Anti-Missionary Campaign" of the 1930s, the Americans were forced to rethink their strategy. There were tensions between Egyptian ministers and American missionaries, particularly over the idea of converting Muslims and

1054-479: The time of Jesus. Early Christians appropriated this tradition, as well as many other elements of synagogue worship. The whole congregation may have sung , or there may have been a cantor who would sing each verse with the congregation responding by singing " Hallelujah ." Such a pattern appears outside the psalms; each song in the obscure early Christian poetry collection known as the Odes of Solomon concludes with

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1088-505: The use of Jesus' name in sung worship. The complication arises when the context of the word in the Psalms is considered. ישוע is always used to speak of salvation, not directly as the name of the One who is the revealed source and author of salvation, namely Jesus. This may be theological/linguistic gymnastics to support a false conclusion. It is widely understood by the Christian community that

1122-698: The year of its centennial, to form the UPCUSA. Most UPCNA-heritage congregations entered into the present Presbyterian Church (USA) which succeeded the UPCUSA in 1983, but some local churches of more evangelical conservative orientation departed in the 1970s to denominations such as the Presbyterian Church in America (founded 1973) and the Evangelical Presbyterian Church (1981). American missionaries first came to Egypt in 1854; British Protestant missions already existed but

1156-639: Was to become a prototype for Reformed worship , but Calvin did not object to the use of original hymns in other churches, and he did not appeal to scripture in his preface to the psalter justifying his preference for the Psalms. Once the Genevan Psalter was translated into German in 1573, exclusive psalmody became the dominant mode of Reformed congregational singing for 200 years following John Calvin everywhere but in Hungary . Anglicans had no theological objection to hymns, but they failed to nurture

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