62-521: Uberlândia ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ubɛʁˈlɐ̃dʒiɐ] ) is a municipality in the state of Minas Gerais , southeastern Brazil . It is the second largest municipality in the state of Minas Gerais after the state capital Belo Horizonte . Its population in 2020 was 699,097, making it the sixth largest city of the interior region of Brazil. The city is located on the Brazilian Highlands 2,802 feet (854 m) above sea level. It
124-817: A suffragan diocese of the Archdiocese of Manaus , is the only Catholic diocese in the state of Roraima. It belongs to the Ecclesiastical Province of Manaus and the Northern Regional Episcopal Council of the National Conference of Bishops of Brazil . The episcopal see is in the Cristo Redentor Cathedral, in the city of Boa Vista . In addition to the majority Catholic Church, there are dozens of different Protestant denominations in
186-468: A century later, with the gold and diamond mines that attracted migratory waves from different regions of the country. This disorderly immigration and exploitation resulted in many conflicts and deaths due to illnesses and murders in the locality. Currently, almost all of the state's indigenous reserves are approved. Roraima is a state in the North Region of Brazil , being the northernmost state in
248-472: A dry season between December and March. The state of Roraima has extensive hydrography. Its territory is abundantly irrigated by 14 rivers, being these: Água Boa do Univiní , Ailã , Ajarani , Alalaú , Branco , Catrimani , Cauamé , Itapará , Mucajaí , Surumu , Takutu , Uraricoera , Urubu and Xeruini . The hydrography of Roraima is part of the Amazon River basin and is basically based on
310-492: A low slope towards the river channels. The third degree is formed by elevations that can reach an altitude of 400 metres. There are mountain ranges such as Serra da Lua, Serra Grande, Serra da Batata and others. The fourth degree is characterized by elevations that can vary from 600 to 2,000 metres of altitude, formed mainly by the Pacaraima mountain range , Serra do Parima and Serra do Urucuzeiro. These mountains are joined in
372-635: A significant increase of 95.51% in population growth. The municipalities that showed the highest population growth were Boa Vista , the capital, and Rorainópolis . As for the annual population growth in Roraima, the state ranks among the fastest-growing in Brazil, with a rate of 4.6%, much higher than the national average of 1.6% growth. In this regard, it is second only to Amapá , which registers more than 5% annual growth. However, this high population growth has been declining in recent years. An example of this
434-484: A total area of 18,864.20 square kilometres (7,283.51 sq mi). The population density (2000) was 43.38 inhabitants/km. Due to its location and transport links, Uberlândia has been chosen as a point for the Free Economic Zone of Manaus , the first ever such distribution point. According to the modern (2017) geographic classification by Brazil's National Institute of Geography and Statistics ( IBGE ),
496-540: Is also the state with the lowest population density in Brazil, with 2.01 inhabitants per square kilometre. Its economy, based mainly on the tertiary sector , registers a high growth rate, although its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the lowest in the country, with R$ 16.024 billion, representing only 0.20% of the Brazilian economy. The history of Roraima is strongly linked to the Branco River , which allowed
558-426: Is an important logistic hub between São Paulo and Brasília . The city sits within the Brazilian cerrado and has eight protected zones of tropical savanna vegetation. Uberlândia is served by Uberlândia–Ten. Cel. Av. César Bombonato Airport . Uberlândia is located in the western part of the state of Minas Gerais , in the region called Triângulo Mineiro , one of the richest agricultural regions of Brazil, between
620-479: Is divided into only 62 municipalities), and therefore they cover large areas incorporating several separated cities or towns that do not necessarily conform to one single conurbation. Southern and eastern states on the other hand, are divided into many small municipalities (e.g. Minas Gerais ), and therefore large urban areas usually extend over several municipalities which form one single conurbation. The Federal District cannot be divided into municipalities , which
682-466: Is one of the 26 states of Brazil . Located in the country's North Region , it is the northernmost and most geographically and logistically isolated state in Brazil. It is bordered by the state of Pará to the southeast, Amazonas to the south and west, Venezuela to the north and northwest, and Guyana to the east. The state covers an area of approximately 223,644.527 square kilometres (86,300 sq mi), slightly larger than Belarus , being
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#1732775714427744-664: Is predominantly flat. About 60% of the area is below 200 m (700 feet), about 25% averages between 200 and 300 metres, 14% from 300 to 900 metres and only 1% has elevations over 900 metres above sea level . There are also two geomorphological structures: the Wavy Plateau and the Northern Escarpments, which are part of the Guiana Shield . Its Wavy Plateau is a large pediplain, formed by isolated and dispersed massifs and peaks. Because of its variations,
806-492: Is the highest point in the state and one of the highest in the country, with 2,875 m (9,400 feet). The relief in the state is quite varied. Near the borders of Venezuela and Guyana are the mountains of Parima and Pacaraima , where Mount Roraima is located, with an altitude of 2,875 m (9,400 feet). As it is in the far north of Brazil, its points in the far north are the Uailan River and Mount Caburaí. Roraima
868-421: Is the rate presented in 2000 when Roraima showed 49.09% of population growth with 1991. In the last census, in 2010, that number dropped to 31.13%. Of the total population of the state in 2010, 229,343 inhabitants are men and 221,884 inhabitants are women. In recent years, the growth of the urban population has intensified significantly, exceeding the total rural population. According to the 2000 estimate, 80.3% of
930-662: Is the result of the miscegenation of the three basic ethnic groups that make up the population in the state: the Indigenous, the Europeans and the Africans, thus forming the mestizos of the region ( caboclos ). Later, with the arrival of migrants, especially from the Northeast of Brazil , a "broth" of singular culture was formed, which characterizes a large part of the population, its values and way of life. According to
992-490: Is why its territory is composed of several administrative regions . These regions are directly managed by the government of the Federal District, which exercises constitutional and legal powers that are equivalent to those of the states , as well as those of the municipalities, thus simultaneously assuming all the obligations arising from them. The 1988 Brazilian Constitution treats the municipalities as parts of
1054-881: The 2022 census , the total population of Roraima was composed of Pardos ( mixed-race , 57.3%), Whites (20.7%), Indigenous (14.1%), Afro-Brazilians (7.7%) and Asians (0.1%). Roraima also recognizes mestizo identity. Mestizo Day (June 27) is an official date in the state. According to data from 2010, from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), the main religious denominations of Roraima were: Catholicism (50.5%), Protestantism (30.3%), no religion (12.98%), Indigenous religions (2.75%), Spiritism (0.91%), Buddhism (0.13%), Candomblé (0.08%), Esoteric traditions (0.03%), Judaism and Islam (0.03% each), Umbanda (0.02%) and Hinduism (0.01%). The Roman Catholic Diocese of Roraima with 22 parishes under Bishop Evaristo Pascoal Spengler (2023),
1116-690: The Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church , Jehovah's Witnesses , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Islam , Buddhism , indigenous beliefs, Umbanda and Candomblé , (all below 1% of Uberlândia's population). The city has architectural, culture, and natural values. Here are the main attractions in the city: Municipalities of Brazil Recent elections The municipalities of Brazil ( Portuguese : municípios do Brasil ) are administrative divisions of
1178-495: The Brazilian states . Brazil currently has 5,570 municipalities, which, given the 2019 population estimate of 210,147,125, makes an average municipality population of 37,728 inhabitants. The average state in Brazil has 214 municipalities. Roraima is the least subdivided state, with 15 municipalities, while Minas Gerais is the most, with 853. Northern states are divided into small numbers of large municipalities (e.g. Amazonas
1240-668: The Federative Republic of Brazil . It has 1,922 kilometres of border with South American countries. It is bordered by the state of Pará to the southeast for 107 km, Amazonas to the south and west for about 1,200 km partly across the Jufari, Jauaperi and Alalau rivers, Venezuela to the north and northwest for 1,403 km across the Serra Parima and north across the Serra Pacaraima, and Guyana to
1302-556: The countryside ). Municipalities can be split or merged to form new municipalities within the borders of the state, if the population of the involved municipalities expresses a desire to do so in a plebiscite . However, these must abide by the Brazilian Constitution , and forming exclaves or seceding from the state or union is expressly forbidden. Roraima Roraima ( Brazilian Portuguese: [ʁoˈɾajmɐ] or [ʁoˈɾɐ̃jmɐ] )
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#17327757144271364-516: The fourteenth largest Brazilian state by area . The city of Boa Vista is the capital and largest city in the state, and is the only capital in the country located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere . Antônio Denarium , a member of the conservative Progressistas party, has been the governor of the state since 2019. Roraima is the least populous state in Brazil , with an estimated population of 631,181 inhabitants as of 2020. It
1426-418: The tropical climate . The average temperature during the year varies from 20 °C (68 °F) in points of relief with higher altitudes, to 38 °C (100 °F) in areas of smooth or flat relief. The rainfall index in the eastern part is about 2000 millimetres. In the western part, it is approximately 1500 millimetres. In the capital and nearby areas, the indexes reach 2600 millimetres. In general,
1488-579: The Branco River in search of consolidation of the borders and indigenous labour. For this, they organized rescue troops (purchase of indigenous people transformed into slaves during wars of opposing ethnic groups), war troops (punishment and enslavement of indigenous people who attacked Portuguese nuclei or prevented evangelization) and the search for Brazilian products for sale, the so-called sertão drugs. Also, they promoted descents – villages of missionaries and indigenous volunteers or compulsory. In
1550-500: The Branco River sub-basin of 45,530 km (17,600 square miles), the largest and most important in the state. This river is one of the tributaries of the Negro River . Most of the rivers in the region have a large number of beaches in the summer, ideal for tourism and leisure. Besides, there are rapids rivers located in the north of the state, which are an option for water sports, such as canoeing . Almost all water sources in
1612-460: The Federation and not simply dependent subdivisions of the states. Each municipality has an autonomous local government, comprising a mayor ( prefeito ) and a legislative body called municipal chamber ( câmara municipal ). Both the local government and the legislative body are directly elected by the population every four years. These elections take place at the same time all over the country;
1674-502: The Paranaíba and Grande rivers. It is connected to major cities by the following federal highways: BR-050, BR-365, BR-455, BR-452, and BR-497. Uberlândia is about 580 km away from São Paulo , connected by a modern and safe double trace highway ( BR-050 ). The capital of the state of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte , is 560 kilometres (350 mi) away and Brasília , the capital of the country, lies just 440 kilometres (270 mi) to
1736-568: The São Marcos farm belongs to the indigenous people and is located in front of the place where Fort São Joaquim was located. For a year, between 1810 and 1811, English soldiers entered the Valley but were expelled by the commander of São Joaquim Fort. The border between Brazil and Guyana , whose border demarcation process had already been closed, needed to be re-marked, due to the great English invasions that occurred in that period. Therefore,
1798-503: The Winds" and "Cashew Mountain". It would be the junction of roro ( parrot ) and imã (father, former). In that language, roro - or also rora - means "green", and imã means mountain or peak, thus forming the word "Green Peak", reflecting the natural landscape of that specific region. There is a possibility that the word "Roraima" has two other meanings: "Mother of the Winds" and "Cashew Mountain". The first meaning comes from
1860-629: The arising fear from the Dutch expeditions in Suriname to trade and imprison indigenous peoples. The demarcations foresaw by the Treaty of Madrid, of 1750 , also lead to a great extent: with the creation of a new administrative unit in the region, the intention was to implement, in practice, the colonization of the Upper Negro River , creating the necessary infrastructure for the meeting and
1922-559: The city is the main municipality in the Intermediate Geographic Region of Uberlândia . According to the 2010 census its citizens are members of the Roman Catholic Church (54.73%), while Evangelical Christians comprise the second largest religious affiliation in the city (25.23%). There are also minorities of Spiritists (7.80%) and not religious (7.80%). There are smaller minorities adhering
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1984-415: The climate varies according to the region. The south and west of the state have a tropical rainforest climate ( Af ). The average annual temperature ranges from 25 to 28 °C (77 to 82 °F). In the north and east, the prevailing climates are the tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) and tropical savanna climate ( Aw ), where the average temperature is similar to the other regions of the state, however
2046-579: The colonization of the Branco River was divided into four periods: From 1750 to the beginning of the 19th century, with the discovery of the Branco River; from the mid-19th century until the creation of the municipality of Boa Vista , in 1890; from 1890 until the creation of the Federal Territory of Rio Branco; and the creation of the Federal Territory of Rio Branco to elevate it to the category of Brazilian federative unit renamed Roraima. Decree-Law No. 5,812 of September 13, 1943, which dismembered
2108-660: The conditions imposed by the Portuguese, the villages did not develop. To guarantee the presence of the Portuguese settlers in the lands of the Branco River Valley, commander Manuel da Gama Lôbo d'Almada started breeding cattle and horses in the territory, in 1789. The farms of São Bento, São José and São Marcos, on the Uraricoera and Takutu rivers, respectively, were the first to permanently introduce cattle and equine breeding, between 1793 and 1799. Currently,
2170-412: The conquest of the Branco River by the Portuguese. The Fort, which no longer exists today, had the main purpose of providing the Portuguese with total sovereignty of Portugal over the lands of the Branco River Valley, which aroused international greed due to its little exploitation. The Portuguese colonizers, after assuming sovereignty and total control of the region, created several villages and towns in
2232-406: The east for 964 km. Roraima covers an area of approximately 223,644.527 km (86,300 square miles), slightly larger than Belarus , being the fourteenth largest Brazilian state by area . Approximately 104,018 km (40,200 square miles) of the state is composed of indigenous areas, representing almost half of the state's territory (46.37%). The area of environmental preservation in
2294-641: The first Portuguese settlers to arrive in the region. The Branco River Valley's strategic position made it coveted by the English and the Dutch , who entered Brazil through the Guiana Shield in search of indigenous people to be enslaved . The Spaniards also came to invade the northern part of the Branco River and the Uraricoera River through Venezuela. The Portuguese settlers defeated and expelled all invaders, establishing Portugal 's sovereignty over
2356-642: The form of chains and the rivers that form the Uraricoera river are born there. Finally, the fifth degree, groups the highest regions, formed by elevations that reach almost 3,000 metres of altitude. According to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification , the prevailing climate in Roraima is similar to that of other states in the North Region that shelter the Amazon rainforest : basic variations of
2418-502: The general fields of the Branco River and the savannas, there are anteaters , armadillos , tortoises , pampas deer , pacas , agouti , several species of snakes and other species. Among many species, the wild horses stand out, they are called cavalos lavradeiros (in English: savannah horses or steppe horses), one of the last populations of wild horses in the world. In the Branco River basin, where most fish species are found,
2480-461: The importance of the indigenous peoples in terms of ethnic contribution cannot be forgotten. It was the indigenous people who initiated human occupation in the Amazon region , and their descendants, the caboclos , developed in close contact with the environment, adapting to the regional peculiarities and opportunities offered by the forest. In its historical formation, the Roraiman demography
2542-399: The inhabitants lived in cities. The population density was 1.8 inhab./km in 2006. This mark is lower than the Brazilian density, 19.94 inhab./km . The distribution of the state population is uneven, with a greater concentration in the capital region and the south of the state. Five municipalities – Boa Vista, Rorainópolis, Alto Alegre, Caracaraí and Bonfim – concentrate more than half of
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2604-504: The last municipal elections were held on 15 November 2020. Each municipality has the constitutional power to approve its own laws, as well as collecting taxes and receiving funds from the state and federal governments. However, municipal governments have no judicial power per se , and courts are only organised at the state or federal level. A subdivision of the state judiciary, or comarca , can either correspond to an individual municipality or encompass several municipalities. The seat of
2666-564: The locality, together with indigenous natives. Nossa Senhora da Conceição and Santo Antônio, on the Uraricoera River; São Felipe, on the Takutu River and Nossa Senhora do Carmo and Santa Bárbara, on the Branco River, were the main settlements created at the time, housing a significant population number. However, due to the conflicts between the indigenous and the colonizers, because the indigenous people did not accept to submit to
2728-724: The middle of the 18th century, the Portuguese Crown became concerned with the constant Spanish expeditions to the western region of the Amazon . Thus, the idea of creating the Royal Captaincy of São José do Rio Negro was considered, which occurred through the Royal Charter of March 3, 1755. The main reason for the creation of the captaincy was the fear of the Spanish threat from the Viceroyalty of Peru , and
2790-649: The municipal administration is a nominated city ( cidade ), with no specification in the law about the minimum population, area or facilities. The city always has the same name as the municipality, as they are not treated as distinct entities. Municipalities can be subdivided, only for administrative purposes, into districts (normally, new municipalities are formed from these districts). Other populated sites are villages, but with no legal effect or regulation. Almost all municipalities are subdivided into neighbourhoods ( bairros ), although most municipalities do not officially define their neighbourhood limits (usually small cities in
2852-406: The north. There are railways connecting Uberlândia via the north-south Centro-Atlântica line. Uberlândia is a statistical micro-region including the following municipalities: Araguari , Araporã , Canápolis , Cascalho Rico , Centralina , Indianópolis , Monte Alegre de Minas , Prata , Tupaciguara , and Uberlândia. In 2007 the population of these cities' agglomeration was 818,395 inhabitants in
2914-480: The population estimate of 2020 carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Roraima had a population of 631,181 inhabitants, which makes the state the least populous federative unit in Brazil. The capital, Boa Vista , concentrates 66.4% of the state's population. The population of Roraima has almost doubled in twenty years. In 1991, the state had only 217,583 inhabitants,
2976-593: The population of Roraima. In 2017, the Human Development Index (HDI) of Roraima was 0.752, considered high and placing the state in 12th position among the 26 states in Brazil. † Region seat †† State capital and region seat (2020) population Ethnicities of Roraima in 2022 Cultural, political and economic traits inherited from the Portuguese , Spanish and Dutch are influential in Roraima. Also,
3038-444: The population. In 2009, the state had a network of 585 elementary schools , of which 322 are state schools, 252 municipal, 10 private and 1 federal public school. The teaching staff consisted of 4,842 teachers, of whom 2,952 worked in state public schools, 1,627 in municipal public schools and 217 in private schools. 86,547 students studied in these schools, of which 82,208 in public schools and 4,339 in private schools. High school
3100-409: The rainfall index is lower, and the dry season is well defined. Despite the latitude, in the extreme northwest and northeast, in the highest areas of the state, it is possible to find climatic patterns compatible with those of humid subtropical climates ( Cfa and Cwa ), as in the region around Mount Roraima, which has an annual average temperature between 20 and 22 °C (68 and 72 °F), and
3162-605: The region of Roraima and part of the Amazonas. As a result of crisis in Venezuela since the 2010s, Roraima has become the leading entry point for Venezuelan refugees in Brazil. Displaced Venezuelans in Roraima are estimated to number around 100,000, approximately one-sixth of the state's population. The word " Roraima " comes from the Pemon language . Its etymology gives it three possible meanings: "Green Peak", "Mother of
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#17327757144273224-523: The region, to explore the Branco River Valley through the Guyanas . Portugal 's sovereignty over the region was only established after the Spaniards invaded the northern part of the Branco River, along with the Uraricoera River . From 1725, Carmelite missionaries began the task of converting the indigenous peoples in the region. The Portuguese occupation intensified from the 1730s when it traveled
3286-422: The relief is divided into five degrees: The first-degree houses areas of the state that can be flooded, which do not have a specific form of relief, but which are covered by a thin layer of water; the second degree would be the Branco River pediplain, an important unit of enormous expression in the state since it occupies a large part of its lands. In this pediplain, the altitudes vary from 70 to 160 metres and have
3348-442: The state of Amazonas , created the Federal Territory of Rio Branco. In 1962, the territory was called the Federal Territory of Roraima and elevated to the category of Brazilian federative unit by the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 . The colonization of the region was highly encouraged at the end of the 19th century, with the establishment of National Farms. However, the state's population only found stability after its emancipation,
3410-618: The state originate within its territory, except for two rivers with springs in Guyana . All Roraiman rivers flow into the Amazon Basin . The diversity of landscapes and biomes in Roraima contributes to the formation of the fauna in Roraima. In the Roraiman Amazon rainforest region, animals such as jaguars , tapirs , peccaries , alligators , margay cats , otters , deers , monkeys , and other species are found. In
3472-404: The state, from large to small ones. Among the large ones, the passarão (literally big bird) and the jabiru stand out. Among the small ones, guans , herons , crested caracara and others stand out. In Roraima, the flora is divided into three regions: In any of the regions, there are three different types of vegetation cover taking into account the river banks. These are: According to
3534-552: The state, under the responsibility of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio), is also extensive, with 18,879 km (7,300 square miles), 8.42% of Roraima's area. For this reason, Roraima is the Brazilian state with the second-highest percentage of territory formed by protected areas , behind only the state of Amapá . Mount Roraima , located in Pacaraima Mountains ,
3596-568: The state. In recent years, Eastern religions , Mormonism and evangelical denominations have grown considerably in the state. Among the Christian restorationist denominations, Jehovah's Witnesses (0.55%) and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (0.15%) stand out. Among the new Eastern religions, the Church of World Messianity stands out (0.06%). Other beliefs are shared by 1.47% of
3658-411: The variety of species is large. Among the main fish are the pacu , peacock bass , surubi , matrinxã , redtail catfish , tambaqui , acará , mandi , cachorra , piranha , traíra , piraíba , arowana and many other species. On the beaches of the lower Branco River, it is still possible to find species of turtles , such as the yellow-spotted river turtle . There are many species of birds in
3720-407: The windy climate in the region, where indigenous people believed that the winds that blew through southern Venezuela came from that place. The second, "Cashew Mountain", is due to the many mountains and hills that exist in the area. The first Portuguese settlers arrived in the region by the Branco River . Before the arrival of the Portuguese, the English and the Dutch were already attracted to
3782-541: The work of the Portuguese and Spanish demarcation committees, and this meeting never took place, having Portuguese moulds temporarily occupied the course of the lower Branco River in the meantime, carrying out plantations of manioc and other food, for the provisioning of the commission. The São Joaquim Fort, built in 1755 at the confluence of the Uraricoiera River with the Takutu River , was decisive in
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#17327757144273844-884: Was given in 100 establishments, with an enrollment of 17,512 students. Of the 17,512 students, 16,175 were in public schools and 1,337 in private schools. As for higher education, the Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), the State University of Roraima (UERR) and the Federal Institute of Roraima (IFRR) stand out. There are also private Higher Education establishments: Roraiman College of Higher Education (FARES), Estácio Atual College, Cathedral College and Faculty of Sciences, Education and Theology of Northern Brazil (FACETEN). About 14,500 pre-school students were also registered, divided into 270 teaching units. Of these, 258 were municipal, with none at
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