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97-763: Ultra-high-definition television (also known as Ultra HD television , Ultra HD , UHDTV , UHD and Super Hi-Vision ) today includes 4K UHD and 8K UHD , which are two digital video formats with an aspect ratio of 16:9 . These were first proposed by NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories and later defined and approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The Consumer Electronics Association announced on October 17, 2012, that "Ultra High Definition", or "Ultra HD", would be used for displays that have an aspect ratio of 16:9 or wider and at least one digital input capable of carrying and presenting native video at

194-424: A Consumer Electronics Show (CES) 2016 press conference its "Ultra HD Premium" specification, which defines resolution, bit depth, color gamut, high dynamic range (HDR) performance required for Ultra HD (UHDTV) content and displays to carry their Ultra HD Premium logo. Ultra-high-definition television is also known as Ultra HD, UHD, UHDTV, and 4K. In Japan, 8K UHDTV will be known as Super Hi-Vision since Hi-Vision

291-573: A Matrox G200 MMS PCI-32 video card and two power supplies. To achieve native resolution the screen is sectioned into four columns of 960×2400 pixels or four tiles of 1920x1200 pixels. The monitor's native refresh rate is 41 Hz. This is a revised model of the original T220. Notable improvements include using only one power adapter instead of two and support for more screen modes. However, power consumption increased from 111 to 135 watts (111 to 150 at maximum.) They were initially available as 9503-DG1 and 9503-DG3 models. The 9503-DG1 model came with

388-439: A color depth of 12   bits per component. As ultra-high-definition broadcasts at full resolution are designed for large, wall-sized displays, there is a possibility that fast-moving subjects may not be clear when shot at 60   fps, so the option of 120   fps has been standardized for these situations. To handle the sensor output of approximately 4 billion pixels per second with a data rate as high as 51.2   Gbit/s,

485-536: A 20-minute broadcast would require roughly 4  TB of storage. The SMPTE first released Standard 2036 for UHDTV in 2007. UHDTV was defined as having two levels, called UHDTV1 ( 3840 × 2160 ) and UHDTV2 ( 7680 × 4320 ). In May 2007, the NHK did an indoor demonstration at the NHK Open House in which a UHDTV signal ( 7680 × 4320 at 60   fps) was compressed to a 250   Mbit/s MPEG2 stream. The signal

582-813: A 25 Mbit/s connection. In late 2015 and January 2016, three of Canada's television providers – including Quebec -based Vidéotron , Ontario-based Rogers Cable , and Bell Fibe TV , announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes that can stream 4K content to subscribers over gigabit internet service. On October 5, 2015, alongside the announcement of its 4K set-top box and gigabit internet, Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications announced that it planned to produce 101 sports telecasts in 4K in 2016 via its Sportsnet division, including all Toronto Blue Jays home games, and "marquee" National Hockey League games beginning in January 2016. Bell Media announced via its TSN division

679-401: A 4K feed, with its first broadcast being the 2015 FA Community Shield football match. Two production units were used, producing the traditional broadcast in high-definition, and a separate 4K broadcast. As the network did not want to mix 4K footage with upconverted HD footage, this telecast did not feature traditional studio segments at pre-game or half-time, but those hosted from the stadium by

776-612: A Matrox G200 MMS graphics card and two LFH-60 connector cables. The 9503-DG3 model came with one cable connecting from one or two DVI ports on the graphics card to the T221's LFH-60 sockets. The 9503-DG1 model T221 originally ran at maximum resolution in four 960×2400 stripes. Later firmware permitted a 1920×1200 tile mode as well. The supported maximum refresh rates, at native resolution, depend on how many TMDS links are used. Single, double, and quad-link support 13, 25, 41 Hz refresh rates, respectively. With reduced blanking periods,

873-615: A TV, monitor, or projector with the following characteristics: The CEA definition does allow manufacturers to use other terms—such as 4K —alongside the Ultra HD logo. Since the resolution in CEA's definition is only a minimum requirement, displays with higher resolutions such as 4096 × 2160 or 5120 × 2880 also qualify as "Ultra HD" displays, provided they meet the other requirements. Some 4K resolutions, like 3840 × 2160 , are often casually referred to as 2160p . This name follows from

970-427: A broadcast engineering e-newsletter. Individuals at NHK and elsewhere projected that the timeframe for UHDTV to be available in domestic homes varied between 2015 and 2020 but Japan was to get it in the 2016 time frame. On November 2, 2006, NHK demonstrated a live relay of a UHDTV program over a 260 kilometer distance by a fiber-optic network . Using dense wavelength division multiplex (DWDM) , 24   Gbit/s speed

1067-532: A color depth of up to 12   bpc with 4:2:2 chroma subsampling. Audio output can be up to 7.1 channels. Content is distributed online using the ODEMAX video service. External storage can be connected using eSATA , Ethernet , USB , or a Secure Digital memory card. On January 6, 2013, the NHK announced that Super Hi-Vision satellite broadcasts could begin in Japan in 2016. On January 7, 2013, Eutelsat announced

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1164-499: A dual-link DVI signal, re-synchronizes, buffers, and splits it into two single-link signals - one carrying odd pixels plus sync, and the other even pixels plus sync. A third party connector adapter, previously available in Japan, buffers and splits only the TMDS sync signal. Internal dual-link retrofits included an unbuffered hardwire jumper-split of the TMDS sync signal which resulted in impedance mismatch, and an unbuffered hardwire split of

1261-403: A faster analog-to-digital converter has been developed to process the data from the pixels, and then a high-speed output circuit distributes the resulting digital signals into 96 parallel channels. This 1.5 in (38 mm) CMOS sensor is smaller and uses less power when compared to conventional ultra-high-definition sensors, and it is also the world's first to support the full specifications of

1358-412: A fringe on one side of red, on the other of green—except that the fringe takes on another color as the next line of pixels overlaps too. 4K UHD or 1080p pixel shifting cannot reveal the fine detail of a true 4K projector such as those Sony ships in the business, education, and home markets. JVC has one true 4K at $ 35,000 (in mid-2017) and another for $ 120,000. While projecting UHD, it might look as though

1455-456: A limited ability to discern improvements in resolution when picture elements are already small enough or distant enough from the viewer. At some home viewing distances and current TV sizes, HD resolution is near the limits of resolution for the eye and increasing resolution to 4K has little perceptual impact, if consumers are beyond the critical distance ( Lechner distance ) to appreciate the differences in pixel count between 4K and HD. One exception

1552-710: A little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video. The large files (≈40   GB), distributed through consumer broadband connections, raise concerns about data caps. In 2014, Netflix began streaming House of Cards , Breaking Bad , and "some nature documentaries" at 4K to compatible televisions with an HEVC decoder. Most 4K televisions sold in 2013 did not natively support HEVC, with most major manufacturers announcing support in 2014. Amazon Studios began shooting their full-length original series and new pilots with 4K resolution in 2014. They are now currently available though Amazon Video . In March 2016

1649-441: A maximum upload resolution of 4096 × 3072 pixels (12.6 megapixels, aspect ratio 4:3). Vimeo's 4K content is currently limited to mostly nature documentaries and tech coverage. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC or H.265) should allow streaming 4K content with a bandwidth of 20 to 30 Mbit/s . In January 2014, Naughty America launched the first adult video service streaming in 4K. On February 11, 2024, Super Bowl LVIII

1746-638: A minimum resolution of 3840 × 2160 . In 2015, the Ultra HD Forum was created to bring together the end-to-end video production ecosystem to ensure interoperability and produce industry guidelines so that adoption of ultra-high-definition television could accelerate. From just 30 in Q3 2015, the forum published a list up to 55 commercial services available around the world offering 4K resolution. The "UHD Alliance", an industry consortium of content creators, distributors, and hardware manufacturers, announced during

1843-429: A much lower price than native 4K projectors. This technology of non-native 4K had its fourth generation in 2016. JVC further used the same technology to provide 8K flight simulation for Boeing that met the limits of 20/25 visual acuity. The first pixel-shifted 4K UHD projectors adopted by the market are Optoma, BenQ, Dell, et al., for those adopt a 2718×1528 pixel structure. The amount of data these projectors process

1940-573: A price of US$ 19,999 though the retail store was selling it for US$ 16,999. On November 29, 2012, Sony announced the 4K Ultra HD Video Player—a hard disk server preloaded with ten 4K movies and several 4K video clips that they planned to include with the Sony XBR-84X900. The preloaded 4K movies are The Amazing Spider-Man , Total Recall (2012), The Karate Kid (2010), Salt , Battle: Los Angeles , The Other Guys , Bad Teacher , That's My Boy , Taxi Driver , and The Bridge on

2037-409: A resolution of 3840×2400. In order to support such a high resolution, it features an unusual connector arrangement. On the rear of the display are two LFH-60 connectors. A pair of cables supplied with the monitor attaches to the connectors and splits into two single-link DVI connectors each, for a total of four DVI channels. One, two or four of the connectors may be used at once. IBM T220 came with

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2134-528: A result of leading manufacturers producing 4K cameras. Users could view 4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December 2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu. In November 2013, YouTube began to use the VP9 video compression standard, saying that it was more suitable for 4K than High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Google , which owns YouTube, developed VP9. Theaters began projecting movies at 4K resolution in 2011. Sony

2231-600: A slate of 4K telecasts to begin on January 20, 2016, including selected Toronto Raptors games and regional NHL games. On January 14, 2016, in cooperation with BT Sport, Sportsnet broadcast the first ever NBA game produced in 4K – a Toronto Raptors / Orlando Magic game at O2 Arena in London , England . On January 20, also during a Raptors game, TSN presented the first live 4K telecast produced in North America. Three days later, Sportsnet presented

2328-563: A spatial pixel offset method to bring it to 7680 × 4320 . Subsequently, an improved and more compact system was built using CMOS image sensor technology and the CMOS image sensor system was demonstrated at Expo 2005 , Aichi , Japan, the NAB 2006 and NAB 2007 conferences, Las Vegas , at IBC 2006 and IBC 2008 , Amsterdam , Netherlands , and CES 2009 . A review of the NAB 2006 demo was published in

2425-485: A vertical resolution of at least 2,160 pixels and a horizontal resolution of at least 3,840 pixels. The Ultra HD label also requires the display to have an aspect ratio of 16:9 or wider and to have at least one digital input that can carry and present a native video signal of 3840 × 2160 without having to rely on a video scaler . Sony announced they would market their 4K products as 4K Ultra High-Definition (4K UHD) . On October 23, 2012, Ortus Technology Co., Ltd announced

2522-545: A wide variety of shooting situations. The single-chip sensor uses a Bayer color-filter array, where only one color component is acquired per pixel. Researchers at NHK also developed a high-quality up-converter, which estimates the other two color components to convert the output into full resolution video. Also in May 2012, NHK showed the ultra-high-definition imaging system it has developed in conjunction with Shizuoka University, which outputs 33.2-megapixel video at 120   fps with

2619-555: Is a rebadged version of this monitor. The IBM T221-DG5 was discontinued in June 2005. IBM T221 started out as an experimental technology from the flat panel display group at IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center . In 2000, a prototype 22.2 in TFTLCD, code-named "Bertha", was made in a joint effort between IBM Research and IBM Japan. This display had a pixel format of 3840×2400 (QUXGA-W) with 204 ppi. On 10 November 2000, IBM announced

2716-511: Is compliant with draft 4 of the HEVC standard and has a maximum bit rate of 340   Mbit/s. The HEVC encoder was shown at the NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories Open House 2013 that took place from May 30 to June 2. At the NHK Open House 2013 the HEVC encoder used a bit rate of 85   Mbit/s, which gives a compression ratio of 350∶1. On May 21, 2013, Microsoft announced

2813-464: Is currently focusing on the implementation of the UHD-1 standard. DVB finalized UHD-1 Phase 2 in 2016, with the introduction of service by broadcasters expected in 2017. UHD-1 Phase 2 adds features such as high dynamic range (using HLG and PQ at 10 or 12 bits), wide color gamut ( BT. 2020 / 2100 colorimetry), and high frame rate (up to 120   Hz). YouTube, since 2010, and Vimeo allow

2910-569: Is more popular in the TV market due to the supposed 4K UHD marketed resolution but still being incapable of achieving true 4K UHD resolution as defined by the CTA as 3840x2160 active pixels with 8-bit per color. This negatively impacts the rendering of text, making it a bit fuzzier, which is especially noticeable when a TV is used as a PC monitor. In 2019, Sony was granted the CinemaWide trademark by

3007-418: Is most commonly used in reference to the 4K UHDTV resolution of 3840 × 2160 due to its association with the well-known 720p and 1080p HDTV formats. Although 3840 × 2160 is both a 4K resolution and a 2160p resolution, these terms cannot always be used interchangeably since not all 4K resolutions are 2160 pixels tall, and not all 2160p resolutions are ≈4000 pixels wide. However, some companies have begun using

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3104-574: Is sometimes referred to as "2160p", based on the naming patterns established by the previous 720p and 1080p HDTV standards. IBM T220 The IBM T220 and T221 are LCD monitors that were sold between 2001 and 2005, with a native resolution of 3840×2400 pixels ( WQUXGA ) on a screen with a diagonal of 22.2 inches (564 mm). This works out to 9,216,000 pixels, with a pixel density of 204 pixels per inch (80 dpcm , 0.1245 mm pixel pitch ), much higher than contemporary computer monitors (about 100 pixels per inch) and approaching

3201-417: Is that even if resolution surpasses the resolving ability of the human eye, there is still an improvement in the way the image appears due to higher resolutions reducing spatial aliasing . UHDTV provides other image enhancements in addition to pixel density. Specifically, dynamic range and color are greatly enhanced, and these impact saturation and contrast differences that are readily resolved greatly improve

3298-438: Is true 4K, but they overlap the pixels, which is what pixel shifting is. In fact, each of those pixels is far larger. In fact, each one has 50% more area than true 4K. Pixel shifting projectors. This way, they project a pixel and shift it up to the right by a half diameter and project it again with modified data—the second pixel overlaid on the first. This would result in adjacent red and green pixels effectively forming yellow, with

3395-513: The 2014 FIFA World Cup (via private tests and public viewings in the host city of Rio de Janeiro ), the 2018 FIFA World Cup was the first FIFA World Cup in which all matches were produced in 4K. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast cut on each match would come from 4K cameras (covering the majority of main angles), with instant replays and some camera angles being upconverted from 1080p sources. These broadcasts were made available from selected rightsholders, such as

3492-438: The 2016 Juno Awards in 4K as the first awards show presented in the format. In February 2016, Spanish-language Univision trialed 4K by producing a closed-circuit TV broadcast of a football friendly between the national teams of Mexico and Senegal from Miami (America) in the format. The broadcast was streamed privately to several special viewing locations. Univision aimed to develop a 4K streaming app to publicly televise

3589-458: The 2024 Summer Olympics , USA Network's "4K" coverage was sourced from host broadcaster Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS) in 4K, but downconverted to 1080p when received by NBC Sports ' studios, and then upconverted to 4K for distribution. Most "K" resolutions are the result of multiplying a base width of either 960 or 1024 pixels by a simple, often integer factor and then may come in a variets of heights and aspect ratios. In some other cases,

3686-781: The ARTC HD63484 graphics processor, which was capable of displaying up to 4K resolution when in monochrome mode. The resolution was targeted at the bit-mapped desktop publishing market. The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic purposes was the Dalsa Origin , released in 2003. 4K technology was developed by several research groups in universities around the world, such as University of California, San Diego , CALIT2 , Keio University , Naval Postgraduate School and others that realized several demonstrations in venues such as IGrid in 2004 and CineGrid . YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010 as

3783-958: The BBC in the UK, and selected television providers in the United States. Technical limitations in distributing 4K broadcasts (including the increased cost of 4K-compatible production equipment) have led to some broadcasters deciding against the format in favour of emphasizing 1080p/HDR broadcasts instead. After having broadcast UEFA Euro and the Champions League final in the format, UEFA discontinued 4K coverage for both in 2024, as broadcasters elected to put resources behind HDR and other on-air features instead. Some U.S. broadcasters, such as CBS Sports , Fox Sports , and USA Network have broadcast events promoted as having "4K" feeds, but are actually 1080p/HDR broadcasts upconverted to 4K. For

3880-578: The Digital Video Broadcasting Project released a new set of standards intended to guide the implementation of high resolution content in broadcast television. Dubbed DVB-UHDTV , it establishes two standards, known as UHD-1 (for 4K content) and UHD-2 (for 8K content). These standards use resolutions of 3840 ×  2160 and 7680 ×  4320 respectively, with framerates of up to 60   Hz, color depth up to 10   bpc (30   bit/px), and HEVC encoding for transmission. DVB

3977-564: The EBU Technology and Development Department (who chairs the ITU working group that created Rec. 2020), told The Hollywood Reporter that South Korea plans to begin test broadcasts of 4K UHDTV next year. Wood also said that many broadcasters have the opinion that going from HDTV to 8K UHDTV is too much of a leap and that it would be better to start with 4K UHDTV. In the same article, Masakazu Iwaki, NHK Research senior manager, said that

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4074-503: The IBM T220/T221 LCD monitors . NHK researchers built a UHDTV prototype which they demonstrated in 2003. They used an array of 16 HDTV recorders with a total capacity of almost 3.5   TB that could capture up to 18 minutes of test footage. The camera itself was built with four 2.5-inch (64 mm) CCDs , each with a resolution of only 3840 × 2048 . Using two CCDs for green and one each for red and blue, they then used

4171-617: The PlayStation 4 would support 4K resolution output for photos and videos but wouldn't render games at that resolution. On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) announced a call for proposals for the ATSC 3.0 physical layer that specifies support for 3840 × 2160 resolution at 60   fps. On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became

4268-606: The Snapdragon 800 chip. On January 8, 2013, Broadcom announced the BCM7445, an Ultra HD decoding chip capable of decoding High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) at up to 4096 × 2160 at 60   fps. The BCM7445 is a 28   nm ARM architecture chip capable of 21,000 Dhrystone MIPS with volume production estimated for the middle of 2014. On the same day THX announced the "THX 4K Certification" program for Ultra HD displays. The certification involves up to 600 tests and

4365-568: The Xbox One , which supports 4K resolution ( 3840 × 2160 ) video output and 7.1 surround sound . Yusuf Mehdi, corporate vice president of marketing and strategy for Microsoft, has stated that there is no hardware restriction that would prevent Xbox One games from running at 4K resolution. On May 30, 2013, Eye IO announced that their encoding technology was licensed by Sony Pictures Entertainment to deliver 4K Ultra HD video. Eye IO encodes their video assets at 3840 × 2160 and includes support for

4462-428: The Xbox One X , which supports 4K streaming and gaming, though not all games are rendered at native 4K. Though the price of the viewing devices began to drop rapidly from 2013, the home cinema digital video projector market saw little expansion as very few manufacturers had full 4K-capable lineups. Native 4K projectors were quoted in five figures well into 2015 before finally dropping below US$ 10,000, with Sony being

4559-640: The xvYCC color space. In mid-2013, a Chinese television manufacturer produced the first 50-inch UHD television set costing less than $ 1,000. 4K resolution#Resolutions The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically throughout 2013 and 2014. The term "4K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 4,000. Several different 4K resolutions have been standardized by various organizations. The terms "4K" and "Ultra HD" are used more widely in marketing than "2160p". While typically referring to motion pictures, some digital camera vendors have used

4656-657: The "K" resolution applies a desired aspect ratio like "21:9" to a multiple of a base height of either 720 or 1080 lines. The resolution of 3840 × 2160 is the dominant 4K resolution in the consumer media and display industries. This is the resolution of the UHDTV1 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1, as well as the 4K UHDTV format defined by ITU-R in Rec. 2020 , and is also the minimum resolution for CEA's definition of Ultra HD displays and projectors. The resolution of 3840 × 2160

4753-521: The 4K UHDTV system, with the shutter-glasses stereoscopic 3D technology priced at US$ 24,999.99. On August 22, 2012, LG announced the world's first 3D UHDTV using the 4K system. On August 23, 2012, UHDTV was officially approved as a standard by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), standardizing both 4K and 8K resolutions for the format in ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 . On September 15, 2012, David Wood, Deputy Director of

4850-711: The BBC announced that the BBC Natural History Unit would produce Survival —the first wildlife TV series recorded in 4K resolution. This was announced after the BBC had experimented with 8K during the London Olympics. On January 27, 2013, Asahi Shimbun reported that 4K Ultra HD satellite broadcasts would start in Japan with the 2014 FIFA World Cup . Japan's Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications decided on this move to stimulate demand for 4K Ultra HD TVs. On February 21, 2013, Sony announced that

4947-578: The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), in which the trademark covers 'Class 9' electronic devices, including smartphones. According to Sony and SID, the standard defines a CinemaWide 4K product with the following characteristics: Sony Xperia smartphones are the most widely known products that equipped with CinemaWide 4K display, such as Xperia 1 , Xperia 1 II , Xperia 1 III , Xperia 1 IV and Xperia 1 V . Video sharing website YouTube and

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5044-527: The NHK plan to go with 8K UHDTV is for economic reasons since directly going to 8K UHDTV would avoid an additional transition from 4K UHDTV to 8K UHDTV. On October 18, 2012, the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) announced that it had been unanimously agreed by the CEA's Board of Industry Leaders that the term "Ultra High-Definition", or "Ultra HD", would be used for displays that have a resolution of at least 8 megapixels with

5141-576: The Rec. 709 color space covers only 35.9%. UHDTV's increases in dynamic range allow not only brighter highlights but also increased detail in the greyscale. UHDTV also allows for frame rates up to 120 frames per second (fps). UHDTV potentially allows Rec. 2020, higher dynamic range, and higher frame rates to work on HD services without increasing resolution to 4K, providing improved quality without as high of an increase in bandwidth demand. The first displays capable of displaying 4K content appeared in 2001, as

5238-640: The River Kwai . Additional 4K movies and 4K video clips will be offered for the 4K Ultra HD Video Player in the future. On November 30, 2012, Red Digital Cinema Camera Company announced that they were taking pre-orders for the US$ 1,450 REDRAY 4K Cinema Player, which can output 4K resolution to a single 4K display or to four 1080p displays arranged in any configuration via four HDMI   1.4 connections. Video output can be DCI 4K ( 4096 × 2160 ), 4K Ultra HD, 1080p, and 720p at frame rates of up to 60   fps with

5335-412: The TMDS sync signal with a 24 Ohm series resistor on each leg. Using just one dual-link DVI interface through a converter box allows a refresh rate of 24 Hz or 25 Hz. When the converter box is used in parallel with a third single-link DVI input, a refresh rate of 48 Hz can be achieved. In this mode the dual-link DVI drives the left 2624×2400 portion of the screen and the single-link DVI drives

5432-511: The UK in the UHDTV format, before broadcasting over the internet to Japan. On May 19, 2011, Sharp in collaboration with NHK demonstrated a direct-view 85 in (220 cm) LCD display capable of 7680 × 4320 pixels at 10 bits per channel. It was the first direct-view Super Hi-Vision-compatible display released. Before 2011, UHDTV allowed for frame rates of 24, 25, 50, and 60   fps. In an ITU-R meeting during 2011, an additional frame rate

5529-400: The availability of the 9503-DG5 model. IBM and Chi Mei Group of Taiwan formed a joint venture called IDTech in 2001 to manufacture the T221 in Japan. ViewSonic and iiyama OEMed the T221 and sold it under their brand names. Both matte and glossy versions were produced by IDTech. The production line of IDTech at Yasu Technologies was sold to Sony in 2005 and the fate of the T221

5626-530: The cinema industry predates the publication of the DCI standard, and they are generally understood as casual terms for any resolution approximately 2000 or 4000 pixels in width, rather than names for specific resolutions. In 2007, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers published SMPTE ST 2036-1 , which defines parameters for two UHDTV systems called UHDTV1 and UHDTV2 . The standard defines

5723-470: The development of the world's smallest 3840 × 2160 pixel LCD panel with a size of 9.6 in (24 cm) and a pixel density of 458   px/in. The LCD panel is designed for medical equipment and professional video equipment. On October 25, 2012, LG Electronics began selling the first flat panel Ultra HD display in the United States with a resolution of 3840 × 2160 . The LG 84LM9600 is an 84 in (210 cm) flat panel LED-backlit LCD display with

5820-478: The experience of 4KTV compared to HDTV. UHDTV allows the future use of the new Rec. 2020 (UHDTV) color space which can reproduce colors that cannot be shown with the current Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space. In terms of CIE 1931 color space , the Rec. 2020 color space covers 75.8%, compared to coverage by the DCI-P3 digital cinema reference projector color space of just 53.6%, 52.1% by Adobe RGB color space , while

5917-463: The final of Copa América Centenario in 4K. In March 2016, DirecTV and CBS Sports announced that they would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the Masters golf tournament in 4K. In late 2016, Telus TV announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes. After having trialed the technology in limited matches at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , and

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6014-488: The first HEVC encoder for 8K Ultra HD TV, which is also called Super Hi-Vision (SHV). The HEVC encoder supports the Main 10 profile at Level 6.1 allowing it to encode 10   bpc video with a resolution of 7680 × 4320 at 60   fps. The HEVC encoder has 17 3G-SDI inputs and uses 17 boards for parallel processing with each board encoding a row of 7680 × 256 pixels to allow for real time video encoding. The HEVC encoder

6111-570: The first NHL game in 4K. Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), constructed a "side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared by Sportsnet and TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats. For the opening game of the 2016 Toronto Blue Jays season , Dome constructed "Trillium" – a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i high-definition units. Bell Media's CTV also broadcast

6208-648: The first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America. The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission to provide educational content. On April 19, 2013, SES announced the first Ultra HD transmission using the HEVC standard. The transmission had a resolution of 3840 × 2160 and a bit rate of 20   Mbit/s. On May 9, 2013, NHK and Mitsubishi Electric announced that they had jointly developed

6305-477: The first dedicated 4K Ultra HD channel. Ateme uplinks the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC channel to the Eutelsat 10A satellite. The 4K Ultra HD channel has a frame rate of 50   fps and is encoded at 40   Mbit/s. The channel started transmission on January 8, 2013. On the same day Qualcomm CEO Paul Jacobs announced that mobile devices capable of playing and recording 4K Ultra HD video would be released in 2013 using

6402-483: The first ever public live transmission of UHDTV, from London to the conference site in Amsterdam. On June 9, 2010, Panasonic announced that its professional plasma display lineup would include an 152-inch (3.9 m) plasma display with 4K resolution. At the time of announcement, it was the largest 4K display and the largest television. On September 29, 2010, the NHK partnered up and recorded The Charlatans live in

6499-552: The first players and discs for Ultra HD Blu-ray —a physical optical disc format supporting 4K resolution and high-dynamic-range video (HDR) at 60 frames per second—were released. On August 2, 2016, Microsoft released the Xbox One S , which supports 4K streaming and has an Ultra HD Blu-ray disc drive, but does not support 4K gaming. On November 10, 2016, Sony released the PlayStation 4 Pro , which supports 4K streaming and gaming, though many games use checkerboard rendering or are upscaled 4K. On November 7, 2017, Microsoft released

6596-510: The following characteristics for these systems: In 2012, the International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector published Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 , also known as the Ultra High Definition Television ( UHDTV ) standard. It adopts the same image parameters defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1. Although the UHDTV standard does not define any official names for the formats it defines, ITU typically uses

6693-540: The future, they would begin test broadcasts of UHDTV on channel 66 in Seoul . At the time of the announcement, the UHDTV technical details had not yet been decided. LG Electronics and Samsung are also involved in UHDTV test broadcasts. In May 2012, NHK showed the world's first ultra-high-definition shoulder-mount camera. By reducing the size and weight of the camera, the portability had been improved, making it more maneuverable than previous prototypes, so it could be used in

6790-483: The goal of the program is so that "content viewed on a THX Certified Ultra HD display meets the most exacting video standards achievable in a consumer television today". On January 14, 2013, Blu-ray Disc Association president Andy Parsons stated that a task force created three months ago is studying an extension to the Blu-ray Disc specification that would add support for 4K Ultra HD video. On January 25, 2013,

6887-439: The implementation of a new technology called M+ which is the addition of white subpixel along with the regular RGB dots in their IPS panel technology. The media and internet users later called this "RGBW" TVs because of the white sub pixel. Most of the new M+ technology was employed on 4K TV sets which led to a controversy after tests showed that the addition of a white sub pixel replacing the traditional RGB structure would reduce

6984-482: The match commentators using a 4K camera. BT envisioned that if viewers wanted to watch studio analysis, they would switch to the HD broadcast and then back for the game. Footage was compressed using H.264 encoders and transmitted to BT Tower , where it was then transmitted back to BT Sport studios and decompressed for distribution, via 4K-compatible BT TV set-top boxes on an eligible BT Infinity internet plan with at least

7081-537: The monitor can be driven at maximum refresh rate at any resolution using four 1920×1200 tiles. The converter box does not work with earlier revisions of the monitor. Driving the monitor with four DVI cables requires a sufficiently powerful graphics card, for example the Matrox Parhelia HR256 legacy PCI-X card. The uncommon resolution, connection and screen splitting may require custom settings for systems not officially supported. The Viewsonic VP2290b-3

7178-528: The only major maker marketing a comprehensive 4K projection solution as of 2015. At normal direct-view panel sizes and viewing distances, critics claim the extra pixels of 4K are redundant with normal human vision . Projection home cinemas on the other hand use much larger screen sizes without necessarily increasing viewing distance to scale. The company has used a technique now called "e-shift" to extrapolate extra pixels from 1080p sources to either display 4K on screens via upscaling or from native 4K sources at

7275-399: The pixel structures would have 1/4 the area of 1080p; it just doesn't happen with pixel shifting. That much resolution is only carried by a true 4K projector. This is why "true" 4K costs so much more than 4K UHD projectors that have more or less similar feature sets. They produce smaller pixels, finer resolution—no loss of detail or color from the overlapping pixels. This is in stark contrast to

7372-411: The previous naming convention used by HDTV and SDTV formats, which refer to a format by the number of pixels/lines along the vertical axis (such as "1080p" for 1920 × 1080 progressive scan, or "480i" for the 480-line interlaced SDTV formats) rather than the horizontal pixel count (≈4000 or "4K" for 3840 × 2160 ). The term "2160p" could be applied to any format with a height of 2160 pixels, but it

7469-448: The remaining 1216×2400 portion. Alternatively, two converter boxes can be used simultaneously with two dual-link DVI ports to drive the DG5 as two 1920×2400 stripes at 48 Hz. For legacy AGP video cards with only three TMDS channels (such as most cards based on NVIDIA Quadro FX 3000 or NVIDIA GeForce 6 ) the converter box is needed to get the maximum refresh rate. With four TMDS links,

7566-473: The resolution by around 25%. After tests done by Intertek in which the technical aspects of LG M+ TVs were analyzed and they concluded that "the addressable resolution display is 2,880 X 2,160 for each red, green, blue", in other words, the LG TVs were technically 2.8K as it became known in the controversy. Although LG Display has developed this technology for use in notebook display, outdoor and smartphones, it

7663-431: The resolution of print media. The display family was nicknamed "Big Bertha" in some trade journals. Costing around $ 8,400 in 2003, the displays saw few buyers. Such high-resolution displays would remain niche products for nearly a decade until modern high-dpi displays such as Apple's Retina display line saw more-widespread adoption. The IBM T220 was introduced in June 2001 and was the first monitor to natively support

7760-532: The shipment of the prototype monitors to U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California. Later on 27 June 2001, IBM announced the production version of the monitor, known as T220. Later in November 2001, IBM announced its replacement, IBM T221. On 19 March 2002, IBM announced lowering the price of IBM T221 from US$ 17,999 to US$ 8,399. Later on 2 September 2003, IBM announced

7857-464: The single, double, and quad-TMDS-link can obtain 17.1, 33.72, and 41 Hz refresh. This model's internal refresh rate is always 41 Hz. The T221 9503-DG5/DGP(glossy)/DGM(matte) model was the final version, introduced in September 2003. The 9503-DG5/DGP/DGM model had a native refresh rate of 48 Hz and did not come with a graphics card but included an external converter box that receives

7954-495: The small variation in the aspect ratio difference, which would be capable of being noticeable in a few companies, such as Kaleidescape , offering media servers that enable 4K UHD Blu-ray movies with a wide dynamic range in a home theater. In November 2014, American satellite provider DirecTV (owned by AT&T) became the first pay-TV provider to offer access to 4K content, although limited to selected video-on-demand films. In August 2015, British sports network BT Sport launched

8051-582: The television industry have adopted 3840 ×  2160 as their 4K standard. As of 2014 , 4K content from major broadcasters remained limited. On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America. The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to provide educational content. By late 2014, 4K content

8148-668: The term "4K photo" for still photographs, making it appear like an especially high resolution even though 3840×2160 pixels equal approximately 8.3 megapixels, which is not considered to be especially high for still photographs. In 2005, Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI), a prominent standards organization in the cinema industry, published the Digital Cinema System Specification . This specification establishes standardized 2K and 4K container formats for digital cinema production, with resolutions of 2048 × 1080 and 4096 × 2160 respectively. The resolution of

8245-425: The term "4K" to describe devices with support for a 2160p resolution, even if it is not close to 4000 pixels wide. For example, many "4K" dash cams only support a resolution of 2880 × 2160 (4∶3); although this is a 2160p resolution, it is not a 4K resolution. Conversely, Samsung released a 5120 × 2160 ( 64∶27 ) TV, but marketed it as a "4K" TV despite its 5K-class resolution . In 2015, LG Display announced

8342-489: The terms "4K", "4K UHD", or "4K UHDTV" to refer to the 3840 × 2160 system in public announcements and press releases (" 8K " for the 7680 × 4320 system). In some of ITU's other standards documents, the terms "UHDTV1" and "UHDTV2" are used as shorthand. In October 2012, the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) announced their definition of the term Ultra High-Definition (or Ultra HD ) for use with marketing consumer display devices. CEA defines an Ultra HD product as

8439-648: The ultra-high-definition standard. During the 2012 Summer Olympics in Great Britain, the format was publicly showcased by the world's largest broadcaster, the BBC , which set up 15-meter-wide screens in London, Glasgow, and Bradford to allow viewers to see the Games in ultra-high definition. On May 31, 2012, Sony released the VPL-VW1000ES 4K 3D Projector, the world's first consumer-prosumer projector using

8536-499: The video content inside follows the SMPTE 428-1 standard, which establishes the following resolutions for a 4K distribution: 2K distributions can have a frame rate of either 24 or 48   FPS , while 4K distributions must have a frame rate of 24   FPS. Some articles claim that the terms "2K" and "4K" were coined by DCI and refer exclusively to the 2K and 4K formats defined in the DCI standard. However, usage of these terms in

8633-445: The year 2015, Apple announced the iPhone 6s was released with the 12   megapixel camera that has the option to record 4K at 25 or 30 frames per second. In the years 2017 and 2018, mobile phone chipsets reached sufficient processing power that mobile phone vendors started releasing mobile phones that allow recording 2160p footage at 60 frames per second for a smoother and more realistic appearance. In 1984, Hitachi released

8730-471: Was achieved with a total of 16 different wavelength signals. On December 31, 2006, NHK demonstrated a live relay of their annual Kōhaku Uta Gassen over IP from Tokyo to a 450 in (11 m) screen in Osaka . Using a codec developed by NHK, the video was compressed from 24   Gbit/s to 180–600   Mbit/s and the audio was compressed from 28   Mbit/s to 7–28   Mbit/s. Uncompressed,

8827-482: Was added to UHDTV of 120   fps. On February 23, 2012, NHK announced that with Shizuoka University they had developed an 8K sensor that can shoot video at 120   fps. In April 2012, Panasonic, in collaboration with NHK announced a 145 in (370 cm) display ( 7680 × 4320 at 60   fps), which has 33.2 million 0.417   mm square pixels. In April 2012, the four major South Korean terrestrial broadcasters ( KBS , MBC, SBS, and EBS) announced that in

8924-447: Was also chosen by the DVB project for their 4K broadcasting standard, UHD-1 . This resolution has an aspect ratio of 16∶9, with 8,294,400 total pixels. It is exactly double the horizontal and vertical resolution of 1080p ( 1920 × 1080 ) for a total of 4 times as many pixels, and triple the horizontal and vertical resolution of 720p ( 1280 × 720 ) for a total of 9 times as many pixels. It

9021-675: Was available for streaming and broadcast on television, both in 4K, by CBS in the US. The first mobile phones to be able to record at 2160p ( 3840 × 2160 ) were released in late 2013, including the Samsung Galaxy Note 3 , which is able to record 2160p at 30 frames per second. In the year 2014, the OnePlus One was released with the option to record DCI 4K ( 4096 × 2160 ) at 24 frames per second, as well as LG G3 and Samsung Galaxy Note 4 with optical image stabilization . In

9118-658: Was becoming more widely available online, including on Apple TV, YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon. By 2013, some UHDTV models were available to general consumers in the range of US$ 600. As of 2015 , prices on smaller computer and television panels had dropped below US$ 400. On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee announced new proposals of a new standard called ATSC 3.0 which would implement UHD broadcasts at resolutions of up to 3840 × 2160 or 7680 × 4320 . The standard would also include framerates of up to 120   Hz, HEVC encoding, wide color gamut , as well as high dynamic range . In 2014,

9215-627: Was input to a 300   MHz wide band modulator and broadcast using a 500   MHz QPSK modulation. This "on the air" transmission had a very limited range (less than 2 meters), but shows the feasibility of a satellite transmission in the 36,000   km orbit. In 2008, Aptina Imaging announced the introduction of a new CMOS image sensor specifically designed for the NHK UHDTV project. During IBC 2008 Japan's NHK , Italy's RAI , BSkyB , Sony , Samsung , Panasonic Corporation , Sharp Corporation , and Toshiba (with various partners) demonstrated

9312-422: Was offering 4K projectors as early as 2004. The first 4K home theater projector was released by Sony in 2012. Despite this, there's not many finished films with 4K resolution as of 2023. Even for movies and TV shows shot using 6K or 8K cameras, almost all finished films are edited in HD resolution and enlarged to fit a 4K format. Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013 offering

9409-446: Was the term used in Japan for HDTV. In the consumer electronics market companies had previously only used the term 4K at the 2012 CES but that had changed to "Ultra HD" during CES 2013. "Ultra HD" was selected by the Consumer Electronics Association after extensive consumer research, as the term has also been established with the introduction of " Ultra HD Blu-ray ". Two resolutions are defined as UHDTV: The human visual system has

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