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57-641: Upper Village is the colloquial name for the western end of Main Street in Yarmouth, Maine , centered around its intersection with Elm Street . It is also known as the Corner . Businesses and residences in the Upper Village and the area around the intersection of Main and Elm Street, which officially became known as Yarmouthville in 1882, are listed below, roughly from west to east. A house that stood at

114-449: A cake or loaf of bread that would be shared among many people, candies are usually made in smaller pieces. However, the definition of candy also depends upon how people treat the food. Unlike sweet pastries served for a dessert course at the end of a meal, candies are normally eaten casually, often with the fingers, as a snack between meals. Each culture has its own ideas of what constitutes candy rather than dessert. The same food may be

171-624: A candy in one culture and a dessert in another. The word candy entered the English language from the Old French çucre candi ("sugar candy"). The French term probably has earlier roots in the Arabic qandi , Persian qand and Sanskrit khanda , all words for sugar. Sugarcane is indigenous to tropical South and Southeast Asia . Pieces of sugar were produced by boiling sugarcane juice in ancient India and consumed as khanda . Between

228-400: A candy. Candy is the source of several cultural themes. Adults worry that other people will use candy to poison or entice children into harmful situations. Stranger danger warnings include telling children not to take candy from strangers, for fear of the child being abducted. Poisoned candy myths persist in popular culture, especially around trick-or-treating at Halloween , despite

285-475: A different construction than what later occupied the location). Bert set up the town's telephone service in 1895. Elmer Ring's " washerette " later stood in the Coombs location, and it was he who changed the roofline and façade of the building. He also ran a hardware store, a heating and plumbing service, and a coal yard. In 2020, the town gave permission for developers to tear down the historic building. The building

342-408: A hard sugar coating. In 1847, the invention of the candy press (also known under the surprising name of a toy machine ) made it possible to produce multiple shapes and sizes of candy at once. In 1851, confectioners began to use a revolving steam pan to assist in boiling sugar. This transformation meant that the candy maker was no longer required to continuously stir the boiling sugar. The heat from

399-431: A high glycemic index (GI), which means that it causes a rapid rise in blood sugar levels after ingestion. This is chiefly a concern for people with diabetes , but could also be dangerous to the health of non-diabetics. Some kinds of candy have been contaminated with an excessive amount of lead in it. Claims of contamination have been made since shortly after industrial-scale candy factories began producing candy in

456-456: A particular sugar concentration. These are called sugar stages . In general, higher temperatures and greater sugar concentrations result in hard, brittle candies, and lower temperatures result in softer candies. Once the syrup reaches 171 °C (340 °F) or higher, the sucrose molecules break down into many simpler sugars, creating an amber -colored substance known as caramel . This should not be confused with caramel candy , although it

513-463: A protein found in skin and bones, and is thus avoided by vegans and some vegetarians . " Kosher gelatin " is also unsuitable for vegetarians and vegans, as it is derived from fish bones. Other substances, such as agar , pectin , starch and gum arabic may also be used as setting and gelling agents, and can be used in place of gelatin. Other ingredients commonly found in candy that are not suitable for vegetarian or vegan diets include carmine ,

570-435: A recognizable name brand on it became a sign of safety. Packaging helps market the product as well. Manufacturers know that candy must be hygienic and attractive to customers. In the children's market quantity, novelty, large size and bright colors are the top sellers. Many companies redesign the packaging to maintain consumer appeal. Because of its high sugar concentration, bacteria are not usually able to grow in candy. As

627-482: A red dye made from cochineal beetles, and confectioner's glaze , which contains shellac , a resin excreted by female lac bugs . Candy generally contains sugar, which is a key environmental factor in the formation of dental caries (cavities). Several types of bacteria commonly found in the mouth consume sugar, particularly Streptococcus mutans . When these bacteria metabolize the sugar found in most candies, juice, or other sugary foods, they produce acids in

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684-533: A replacement for unsweetened breakfast cereals and also for eating as a snack or as candy, using three animated cartoon bears as the mascots: Candy, Handy, and Dandy. The early slogans said, "As a cereal it's dandy—for snacks it's so handy—or eat it like candy!" In more recent times, a variety of snack bars have been marketed. These include bars that are intended as meal replacements as well as snack bars that are marketed as having nutritional advantages when compared to candy bars, such as granola bars . However,

741-404: A result, the shelf life is longer for candy than for many other foods. Most candies can be safely stored in their original packaging at room temperature in a dry, dark cupboard for months or years. As a rule, the softer the candy or the damper the storage area, the sooner it goes stale. Shelf life considerations with most candies are focused on appearance, taste, and texture, rather than about

798-460: A role in its adoption as the most popular treat given away during trick-or-treating for Halloween in the US. In the 1940s, most treats were homemade. During the 1950s, small, individually wrapped candies were recognized as convenient and inexpensive. By the 1970s, after widely publicized but largely false stories of poisoned candy myths circulating in the popular press, factory-sealed packaging with

855-439: A sea captain, town clerk and state representative. 343 Main Street was the home of Smith's General Store for "much of the 1900s". It also had a couple of American Oil Company gas pumps just off the sidewalk. 339 Main Street was the home of local miller Amassa Baker, built in 1800. Coombs Bros. (Albert and George) candy and grocery store (located at 298 Main Street in the building between Railroad Crossing and South Street in

912-432: A transfer of water vapor while being lightweight, non-toxic and odor proof. Vegetable parchment lines boxes of high-quality confections like gourmet chocolates. Cardboard cartons are less common, though they offer many options concerning thickness and movement of water and oil. Packages are often sealed with a starch-based adhesive derived from tapioca, potato, wheat, sago, or sweet potato. Occasionally, glues are made from

969-406: A wide variety of textures, from soft and chewy to hard and brittle. The texture of candy depends on the ingredients and the temperatures that the candy is processed at. The final texture of sugar candy depends primarily on the concentration of sugar. As the syrup is heated, it boils, water evaporates, the sugar concentration increases and the boiling point rises. A given temperature corresponds to

1026-429: Is a confection that features sugar as a principal ingredient. The category, also called sugar confectionery , encompasses any sweet confection, including chocolate , chewing gum , and sugar candy . Vegetables , fruit , or nuts which have been glazed and coated with sugar are said to be candied . Physically, candy is characterized by the use of a significant amount of sugar or sugar substitutes . Unlike

1083-516: Is a common term for this packaging. Packaging preserves aroma and flavor and eases shipping and dispensation. Wax paper seals against air, moisture, dust, and germs, while cellophane is valued by packagers for its transparency and resistance to grease, odors and moisture. In addition, it is often resealable. Polyethylene is another form of film sealed with heat, and this material is often used to make bags in bulk packaging. Plastic wraps are also common. Aluminum foils wrap chocolate bars and prevent

1140-656: Is banned by some countries. Non-nutritive toy products such as chocolate eggs containing packaging with a toy inside are banned from sale in the US. If the material attached to confectionery has a function and will not cause any injury to the consumer, it is allowed to be marketed. In the EU, however, the Toy Safety Directive 2009/48/EC specifies that toys contained in food only need separate packaging that cannot be swallowed. Global sales of candies were estimated to have been approximately US$ 118 billion in 2012. In

1197-462: Is cooked in large kettles fashioned for melting and molded, dried and sugared like gum drops . They are soaked for a time in sugar syrup to allow crystals to form. Sugar candies can be classified into noncrystalline and crystalline types. Noncrystalline candies are homogeneous and may be chewy or hard; they include hard candies, caramels, toffees, and nougats. Crystalline candies incorporate small crystals in their structure, are creamy that melt in

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1254-441: Is not a significant source of nutrition or food energy for most people. The average American eats about 1.1 kg (2.5 pounds) of sugar or similar sweeteners each week, but almost 95% of that sugar—all but about 70 grams (2.5 ounces)—comes from non-candy sources, especially soft drinks and processed foods. Candy is considered a source of empty calories , because it provides little or no nutritional value beyond food energy. At

1311-704: Is still served in this form today, though now it is more typically seen as a type of garnish . Before the Industrial Revolution , candy was often considered a form of medicine , either used to calm the digestive system or cool a sore throat . In the Middle Ages candy appeared on the tables of only the most wealthy at first. At that time, it began as a combination of spices and sugar used as an aid to digestion . Banquet hosts typically served these types of 'candies' at banquets for their guests. One of these candies, sometimes called chamber spice ,

1368-438: Is the candy's main flavoring. Most candies are made commercially. The industry relies significantly on trade secret protection, because candy recipes cannot be copyrighted or patented effectively, but are very difficult to duplicate exactly. Seemingly minor differences in the machinery, temperature, or timing of the candy-making process can cause noticeable differences in the final product. Candy wrapper or sweets wrapper

1425-430: Is treated as a separate branch, it also includes confections whose classification is otherwise difficult, being neither exactly candies nor exactly baked goods, like chocolate-dipped foods, tarts with chocolate shells, and chocolate-coated cookies. Sugar candy is made by dissolving sugar in water or milk to form a syrup , which is boiled until it reaches the desired concentration or starts to caramelize . Candy comes in

1482-592: The Brick Store for around a century. Located next door to Marston's was Leone R. Cook's apothecary, where Frank Bucknam was an apprentice. Cook arrived in Yarmouth around 1880. Harold Roy "Snap" Moxcey's barbershop, which he ran with his father Clarence ("Pop"), was located at the corner of Main and Center Streets, across Center Street from the Baptist church. The building was moved around 1990 and now stands on

1539-483: The candy store became a favorite of the child of the American working class . Penny candies epitomized this transformation of candy. Penny candy became the first material good that children spent their own money on. For this reason, candy store-owners relied almost entirely on the business of children to keep them running. Even penny candies were directly descended from medicated lozenges that held bitter medicine in

1596-620: The 1920s and 1930s, candy bars selling for five cents were often marketed as replacements for lunch. At the 1904 World Fair, the Quaker Oats Company made a candy-coated puffed cereal, a wheat-based product similar to Cracker Jack 's candy-coated popcorn. The product concept was re-introduced unsuccessfully in 1939 by another business as Ranger Joe , the first pre-sweetened, candy-coated breakfast cereal . Post Foods introduced their own version in 1948, originally called Happy Jax and later Sugar Crisp . They marketed it as both

1653-808: The 6th and 4th centuries BCE, the Persians , followed by the Greeks , discovered the people in India and their "reeds that produce honey without bees ". They adopted and then spread sugar and sugarcane agriculture . Before sugar was readily available, candy was based on honey . Honey was used in Ancient China , the Middle East , Egypt , Greece and the Roman Empire to coat fruits and flowers to preserve them or to create forms of candy. Candy

1710-577: The United States, $ 2 is spent on chocolate for every $ 1 spent on non-chocolate candy. Because each culture varies in how it treats some foods, a food may be considered a candy in one place and a dessert in another. For example, in Western countries, baklava is served on a plate and eaten with a fork as a dessert, but in the Middle East, Northern Africa, and Eastern Europe, it is treated as

1767-725: The actual nutritional value is often not very different from candy bars, except for usually a higher sodium content, and the flavors (most popularly, chocolate, fudge, and caramel) and the presentation mimic candy bars. Among the Bengali people , candy may be eaten for an entire meal, especially during festivals. Candy may also be offered to vegetarian guests in lieu of fish or meat dishes in India. Most candy contains no meat or other animal parts, and many contain no milk or other animal products. Some candy, including marshmallows and gummi bears , contains gelatin derived from animal collagen,

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1824-461: The addition of hazardous substances for which there was no legal regulation: green ( chromium(III) oxide and copper acetate ), red ( lead(II,IV) oxide and mercury sulfide ), yellow ( lead chromate ) and white ( chalk , arsenic trioxide ). In an 1885 cover cartoon for Puck , Joseph Keppler satirized the dangers of additives in candy by depicting the "mutual friendship" between striped candy, doctors, and gravediggers . By 1906, research into

1881-445: The amount of sugar they contain and their chemical structure . Hard-boiled candies made by the vacuum cooking process include stick candy , lemon drops and horehound drops . Open-fire candy, like molasses taffy and cream taffy, is cooked in open kettles and then pulled. Pan work candies include nuts and other candies like jelly beans and sugar-coated almonds, made by coating with sugar in revolving copper kettles. Gum work candy

1938-452: The bones and skin of cattle and hogs for a stronger and more flexible product, but this is not as common because of the expense. Prior to the 1900s, candy was commonly sold unwrapped from carts in the street, where it was exposed to dirt and insects. By 1914, there were some machines to wrap gum and stick candies, but this was not the common practice. After the polio outbreak in 1916, unwrapped candies garnered widespread censure because of

1995-428: The corner of Main and East Elm was moved to 45 Baker Street around 1890. In the mid-to-late 1870s, diagonally across from where Thoroughfare now is, was Jeremiah Mitchell's "Temperance House" tavern . Mitchell died in 1869, aged about 31. The inn's location later became the site of Wilfred W. Dunn's house, then, between 1959 and 1972, Norton's Texaco gas station. It is now Latchstring Park. After his death in 1811,

2052-482: The dangers of additives, exposés of the food industry, and public pressure led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act , the first federal United States law to regulate food and drugs, including candy. Sugar candies include hard candies, soft candies, caramels , marshmallows , taffy , and other candies whose principal ingredient is sugar. Commercially, sugar candies are often divided into groups according to

2109-414: The dirt and germs. At the time, only upscale candy stores used glass jars. With advancements in technology, wax paper was adopted, and foil and cellophane were imported to the U.S. from France by DuPont in 1925. Necco packagers were one of the first companies to package without human touch. Kiosks and vending machines were introduced around the beginning of the 20th century. Candy packaging played

2166-483: The family of Dr. William Parsons moved into a colonial home, built around 1790 by its first occupant, Ebenezer Corliss, where the single-storey building now stands at the corner of Main and West Elm Streets. The house was torn down in 1945; the existing building, at today's 366, has since been widened. It formerly housed Peck's pool hall, Harriman's IGA Foodliner , and Turner's Television sales and service business. Edgar Read Smith's grocery store, later that of Sam York,

2223-555: The hotel; later Gad Hitchcock's coffin and casket showroom). Alson Brawn's jewelry shop (at what was then 73 Main Street; formerly Sidney Bennett's Yarmouth Market, now Hancock Lumber). 309 Main Street, at the eastern corner of Mill Street, is an 1850s–1880s house. An elm tree in front of Marston's store had a bulletin board nailed to it, upon which local residents posted, as early as 1817, public notices, circus posters and satirical comments about town affairs. Like almost all of Yarmouth's elms, it became afflicted by Dutch elm disease and

2280-501: The mid-19th century, although these early claims were rarely true. Contamination by infectious agents such as virus or bacteria is unlikely through sweets, including unwrapped sweets. This is in part because bacteria can not replicate in the very dry and sweet environment of candy. Hard, round candies are a leading cause of choking deaths in children. Some types of candy, such as Lychee Mini Fruity Gels , have been associated with so many choking deaths that their import or manufacture

2337-428: The mouth or are easily chewed; they include fondant and fudge. In 2022, flavorless candy was developed that was hard but not sweet. Chocolate is sometimes treated as a separate branch of confectionery. In this model, chocolate candies like chocolate candy bars and chocolate truffles are included. Hot chocolate or other cocoa-based drinks are excluded, as is candy made from white chocolate . When chocolate

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2394-520: The mouth that demineralize the tooth enamel and can lead to dental caries. Heavy or frequent consumption of high-sugar foods, especially lollipops, sugary cough drops , and other sugar-based candies that stay in the mouth for a long time, increases the risk of tooth decay. Candies that also contain enamel-dissolving acids, such as acid drops , increase the risk. Cleaning the teeth and mouth shortly after eating any type of sugary food, and allowing several hours to pass between eating such foods, reduces

2451-410: The potential for food poisoning ; that is, old candy may not look appealing or taste very good, even though it is very unlikely to make the eater sick. Candy can be made unsafe by storing it badly, such as in a wet, moldy area. Typical recommendations are these: Most sugar candies are defined in US law as a food of minimal nutritional value . Even in a culture that eats sweets frequently, candy

2508-630: The property of 463 Lafayette Street, across from the Ledge Cemetery. Ernest C. Libby was an employee with the Moxceys for thirteen years before opening his own barber shop on Center Street. To the right of the barbershop was Claude Kingsley's candy-distribution business. A barber shop, beside the Baptist church, was owned by Charlie Reinsborough. The Italianate number 347 is significant for its association with Captain Richard Harding,

2565-621: The risk and improves oral health . However, frequent consumption of fruits and fruit juice, which contain both acid and sugars, may be a more significant factor in dental decay than candies. The link between candy and caries was formally identified through the Vipeholm experiments , where intellectually disabled people were fed copious amounts of candy and were found to develop poor dental health. The experiments are today considered to have violated multiple principles of medical ethics . Most candy, particularly low-fat and fat-free candy, has

2622-441: The start of the 20th century, when undernutrition was a serious problem, especially among poor and working-class people, and when nutrition science was a new field, the high calorie content was promoted as a virtue. Researchers suggested that candy, especially candy made with milk and nuts, was a low-cost alternative to normal meals. To get the food energy necessary for a day of labor, candy might cost half as much as eggs. During

2679-587: The store in a new location across the street. St. Lawrence House – a hotel built, where the Mobil gas station near Camp Hammond stands today, to take advantage of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence Railroads coming through town. Circa 1872, it was renamed the Baker House, after its owner Jeremiah Baker (he previously lived at what is now 35 East Main Street, overlooking his shipyard, between 1857 and around 1871). It

2736-523: The surface of the pan was also much more evenly distributed and made it less likely the sugar would burn. These innovations made it possible for only one or two people to successfully run a candy business. As the path from producer to market became increasingly complicated, many foods were affected by adulteration and the addition of additives which ranged from relatively harmless ingredients, such as cheap cornstarch and corn syrup , to poisonous ones. Some manufacturers produced bright colors in candy by

2793-461: The very wealthy. Even the simplest form of candy – rock candy , made from crystallized sugar – was considered a luxury. The candy business underwent a drastic change in the 1830s when technological advances and the availability of sugar opened up the market. The new market was not only for the enjoyment of the rich but also for the pleasure of the working class. There was also an increasing market for children. While some fine confectioners remained,

2850-562: Was closed in 1928, and a village carrier system began at the central office. At the corner of Main and East Elm Streets stood a nail mill in 1807. (East Elm Street was known for a period as Mill Street, before today's incarnation was given its name.) In 1891, what was then Nathaniel Foster 's pottery was torn down, after about fifty years in existence, and a new building was constructed. Since then, more than thirty different business or owners have set up here, including, between 1906 and 1935, Arthur and Harry Storer's hardware store, Storer Bros. It

2907-510: Was cut down in 1980. Main Street (Yarmouth, Maine) Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.150 via cp1114 cp1114, Varnish XID 963690136 Upstream caches: cp1114 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:43:12 GMT Candy Candy , alternatively called sweets or lollies ,

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2964-790: Was demolished in 2024, to be replaced by sixteen condominiums. Captain Eben York's mansion at 326 Main Street (occupied since 1910 by the Parish Office of the Sacred Heart Catholic Church next door). Father Joseph Quinn held services in the barn until it burned in 1913. Where Peachy's Smoothie Cafe stands today at 301 Main Street was, from 1905 until 1913, Bernstein's Department Store. Robert Bernstein, born in Germany, saw his business burn down in July 1913. He reopened

3021-508: Was later John Ambrose Griffin's hardware store, and became Andy's Handy Store – named for proprietor, Leland "Andy" Anderson. In 1935, a 31-year-old Anderson combined the two wooden buildings of Griffin's and an adjacent grocery store (which sold produce "at Portland prices"). Colloquially named Handy Andy's , it became occupied by OTTO Pizza in 2014. Thoroughfare have occupied the entire building since early 2022. William Marston's dry goods store (founded in 1859; closed circa 1968). It occupied

3078-463: Was located above Jefferd's. Set back, behind number 358, is 350. It dates to 1890. At today's 356 Main Street was a barber shop called Quick Cut Charlie. The post office, opened in May 1882. Its first postmistress was W. L. Haskell, followed by Joseph Raynes in 1886. He remained in the position for 28 years, leaving the post in 1914 to Beecher True Lane. Anna Tibbetts Douglass followed in 1919. This branch

3135-508: Was located to the east of the Parsons residence. Bishops (better known as Goodies) was here in the 20th century. The building was erected in 1890; like the Parsons' residence, however, it is now gone. Adelaide Abbott's millinery shop, located to the east of York's. The building that housed George H. Jefferd's harness shop (today's 358 Main Street) was built in 1890. Isaac Johnson's barbershop

3192-402: Was made with cloves , ginger, aniseed , juniper berries , almonds and pine kernels dipped in melted sugar. The Middle English word candy began to be used in the late 13th century. The first candy came to America during the early 18th century from Britain and France . Only a few of the early colonists were proficient in sugar work and sugary treats were generally only enjoyed by

3249-406: Was the first of several name changes, including Royal River Hotel (when owned by O.E. Lowell in the late 19th century), U.S. House, Westcustogo House and Yarmouth Hotel. The expected tourists never materialized, and the hotel burned down in 1926. Grange Hall stood behind the hotel. Lowell Hall was in the second storey of the stable. James O. Durgan's daguerreotype salon (located just to the east of

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