90-640: The Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation (UPMRC) is a joint venture company that operates the Lucknow Metro , Kanpur Metro and Agra Metro .The Varanasi Metro , Prayagraj Metro , Gorakhpur Metro , and Bareilly Metro are proposed by UPMRC. The company's headquarters is at Vipin Khand, Gomti Nagar in Lucknow , Uttar Pradesh , India . The Noida Metro , although located in Uttar Pradesh ,
180-717: A multi-modal transport hub by directly connecting with the adjoining transport systems and facilities in vicinity, like the Sarai Kale Khan - Nizamuddin metro station of the Delhi Metro , the Sarai Kale Khan Inter-State Bus Terminus (ISBT), and the Hazrat Nizamuddin railway station , to facilitate smooth and hassle-free movement of commuters. The Anand Vihar station will be also like this due to its location beside
270-439: A 2.2 percent average ROA, while wholly owned and controlled affiliates in the U.S. only realized a 0.7 percent ROA." In European law , the term "joint venture" is an exclusive legal concept, better defined under the rules of company law . In France , the term "joint venture" is variously translated as "association d'entreprises", "entreprise conjointe", "coentreprise" or "entreprise commune". A JV can be brought about in
360-674: A 50:50 joint venture between the Government of India and the Government of Uttar Pradesh . As a result, the LMRC board was reconstituted with five nominee directors being nominated by both Government of India and Government of Uttar Pradesh each, apart from the three full-time directors. Additionally, the Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh was replaced by the Union Urban Development Secretary as
450-713: A JV aimed at defining standards or serving as an "industry utility" that provides a narrow set of services to industry participants. Some major joint ventures include United Launch Alliance , Vevo , Hulu , Virgin Media O2 , Penske Truck Leasing , and Owens-Corning . According to Gerard Baynham of Water Street Partners, there has been much negative press about joint ventures, but objective data indicate that they may actually outperform wholly owned and controlled affiliates . He writes, "A different narrative emerged from our recent analysis of U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) data, collected from more than 20,000 entities. According to
540-526: A company. By its formation, the JV becomes a new entity with the implications that: On the receipt of the Certificate of Incorporation, a company can commence its business. This is a legal area and is fraught with difficulty as the laws of countries differ, particularly on the enforceability of "heads of" or shareholder agreements. For some legal reasons, it may be called a Memorandum of Understanding . It
630-416: A day. Noida, Greater Noida and Ghaziabad Metro are run by Delhi Metro Rail Corporation. While Meerut Metro and Delhi Meerut RRTS are operated by National Capital Region Transport Corporation. Another RRTS connecting Ghaziabad, Noida, Greater Noida and Jewar is expected to also start construction, Geographical survey and DPR preparation is currently underway. The Uttar Pradesh government will fund 50% of
720-399: A former Canadian company in railway manufacturing, now acquired by Alstom , a global French company in railway manufacturing since January 2021, emerged as the lowest bidder among a group of three bidders to supply and maintain 210 coaches for a 15-year period, with a price bid of ₹ 2,577 crore (US$ 310 million). The 210 coaches include 180 coaches consisting of 30 six-car trains for
810-754: A global French company in railway manufacturing, won the bid to make the trains for the RRTS and the Meerut Metro. The company will supply 210 coaches consisting of 30 trainsets with six coaches each, which could be extended to eight coaches based on demand. The trains are being manufactured in the company's plant in Savli , Gujarat . Of the entire length, 68.03 km (42.27 mi) will be elevated, 14.12 km (8.77 mi) will be underground and 1.45 km (0.90 mi) will be at-grade for connections to two depots, to be located at Duhai and Modipuram . In
900-496: A principal disadvantage is absence of an interested and influential Chinese party. As of the 3rd Quarter of 2004, WFOEs had replaced EJVs and CJVs as follows: (*)=Financial Vventures by EJVs/CJVs (**)=Approved JVs These enterprises are formed under the Sino-Foreign Investment Act. The capital is composed of value of stock in exchange for the value of the property given to the enterprise. The liability of
990-533: A remarkable reduction of 15,375 tonnes over its lifetime. Out of the 25,000 solar panels, it is estimated that 16 of the project’s 26 stations with the Meerut Metro can get approximately 1,100 panels on their rooftops, while the remaining nine smaller stations can get approximately 400 panels. The solar panels will together account for 70% of the total energy requirement. Being a rail-based transit system and reduced friction owing to steel-to-steel rolling contact,
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#17327728660221080-404: Is allowed to enter into contracts with appropriate government authorities to acquire land use rights, rent buildings, and receive utility services. In this it is more similar to a CJV than an EJV. WFOEs are expected by PRC to use the most modern technologies and to export at least 50% of their production, with all of the investment is to be wholly provided by the foreign investor and the enterprise
1170-402: Is also currently working as an interim consultant for implementation of Agra Metro , Prayagraj Metro , and Varanasi Metro and also Gorakhpur Metro projects. Along with this number of ropeway projects are also under implementation stage including Varanasi Ropeway Project. Kanpur Metro has faced criticism for its low ridership. It had daily average ridership of only 8,000 to 10,000 passengers
1260-559: Is also repairing and revamping the roads beneath the viaduct sections after completing works to ensure enhanced flow of traffic without interruptions. Other measures include the installation of 25,000 solar panels on the roofs of all stations and depots to generate 11 MW of electricity through solar power. These installations are expected to generate approximately 666,000 units of solar energy per year over its estimated lifespan of 25 years. The panels will together reduce carbon dioxide emissions by an estimated 615 tonnes per year, contributing to
1350-721: Is around 12,000 passengers per day, which is an increase of about five times than before. In May 2024, the corridor crossed the record of 1 million passengers since its opening in October 2023. It is expected to go up to 800,000 per day after the entire 82.15 km (51.05 mi)-long corridor from Sarai Kale Khan to Modipuram becomes operational by June 2025. The RRTS corridor will begin from Jangpura and take its course from Sarai Kale Khan , both in Delhi . Then, it will pass through Ghaziabad , from which three more corridors to Jewar , Hapur and Khurja have been planned to connect
1440-604: Is described below. The EJV Law is between a Chinese partner and a foreign company. It is incorporated in both Chinese (official) and in English (with equal validity), with limited liability. Prior to China's entry into WTO – and thus the WFOEs – EJVs predominated. In the EJV mode, the partners share profits, losses, and risk in equal proportion to their respective contributions to the venture's registered capital. These escalate upwardly in
1530-470: Is done in parallel with other activities in forming a JV. Though dealt with briefly for a shareholders' agreement , some issues must be dealt with here as a preamble to the discussion that follows. There are also many issues which are not in the Articles when a company starts up or never ever present. Also, a JV may elect to stay as a JV alone in a "quasi partnership" to avoid any nonessential disclosure to
1620-671: Is expected to be completed by the end of 2024. In November 2021, the NCRTC decided to build a station, as the terminating station of the corridor, in Jangpura in the Delhi section. Originally, it was planned to have the stabling yard and operations control centre (OCC) for looking after the three corridors originating from Sarai Kale Khan, but the station plan was created to provide people living in Jangpura and adjoining localities connectivity to
1710-530: Is expected to become operational by the end of 2024. After the addition of Jangpura as the starting station of the corridor, which is slated to open after the opening of the entire corridor, the number of stations became 16 from the previous plan of 14. The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) has divided the civil construction work of the RRTS project into eight packages and 30 packages for all stations, ramps, tunnel sections and technical facilities, consisting of 16 stations and two depots . Of
1800-568: Is not operated by UPMRC and is instead operated by the Noida Metro Rail Corporation (NMRC), a separate company. Similarly, Meerut Metro and Delhi Meerut RRTS also located in Uttar Pradesh are not operated by UPMRC and are instead operated by National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC). The LMRC was formed as a special purpose vehicle by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in 2013 to build and operate
1890-589: Is the first of the four rapid rail corridors planned under the first phase of the RapidX project managed by the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC). Designed to allow a maximum speed of 180 km/h (110 mph), the distance between Delhi and Meerut will be covered in less than 60 minutes. The project is being executed at a cost of ₹ 30,274 crore (US$ 3.6 billion). It will start from Jangpura as
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#17327728660221980-470: Is what will happen if the firm is dissolved, if one of the partners dies, or if the firm is sold. Often, the most successful JVs are those with 50:50 partnership with each party having the same number of directors but rotating control over the firm, or rights to appoint the Chairperson and Vice-chair of the company. Sometimes a party may give a separate trusted person to vote in its place proxy vote of
2070-515: Is within his total control. WFOEs are typically limited liability enterprises. Like with EJVs, but the liability of the directors, managers, advisers, and suppliers depends on the rules which govern the Departments or Ministries which control product liability, worker safety or environmental protection. An advantage the WFOE enjoys over its alternates is enhanced protection of its know-how but
2160-544: The Anand Vihar Terminal railway station , while the Ghaziabad station will act as another hub for interchanging with three more proposed corridors– Ghaziabad–Jewar , Ghaziabad – Bulandshahr – Khurja and Ghaziabad – Hapur . Since August 2024, the 42 km (26 mi)-long Sahibabad – Meerut South section is operational. The 16.60 km (10.31 mi)-long section from Sarai Kale Khan to Sahibabad
2250-651: The Blue Line at New Ashok Nagar . It will be again connected to the Pink Line and Blue Line at Anand Vihar . After that, it has an interchange with the Red Line at Ghaziabad through which it currently runs till Meerut South . From here, it will have three stations in the Meerut section, with interchanges with the Meerut Metro at Shatabdi Nagar , Begumpul and Modipuram , after which it will share its trains with
2340-595: The Delhi section, inter-state bus terminals (ISBTs) of the Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (UPSRTC) at Anand Vihar , Sahibabad and Shaheed Sthal at Ghaziabad , Indian railway stations, Meerut Metro stations in the Meerut section, cabs, auto-rickshaw stands, parking spaces, etc. All services are provided to passengers on-board the trains and travellers in the stations by RapidX . In November 2023,
2430-529: The Delhi Metro and provide commuters with a faster alternative option as a last-mile connectivity to reach their destination. These systems will be similar to other regional transit systems in the world, like London 's Crossrail , Paris ' RER and Munich 's S-Bahn . Initially, eight corridors traversing the NCR of at least 1,000 km (620 mi) were planned to be implemented, which now increased to nine, of which four corridors are being tracked to implement in
2520-618: The National Capital Region (NCR). This makes the metro the first metro in India to run along and directly integrate with a regional transit system . The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) has decided to equip the corridor along with the Meerut Metro with ETCS L2 signalling, one of the most advanced signalling systems used in Europe . Tenders for its procurement were invited on 17 April 2020, and Alstom
2610-512: The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) introduced online booking facilities through which passengers can book tickets online, with a mobile app named 'RRTS Connect'. For the very first time in India, the NCRTC has introduced a "one-tap ticketing" feature to commute in the Namo Bharat trains through the 'RRTS Connect' app. This feature allows commuters to generate a QR code swiftly on this app from anywhere within 300 metres of
2700-495: The National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) were approved by the Government of Uttar Pradesh in May 2017. In February 2019, the Government of India approved the project to be implemented, and also approved the funding of ₹ 30,274 crore (US$ 3.6 billion). Therefore, On 8 March 2019, Prime Minister Narendra Modi laid the foundation stone of the corridor and the Meerut Metro projects, and construction for both
2790-658: The Swadeshi Jagaran Manch for the Government to cancel the bid of a Chinese company involved in constructing and manufacturing the trains of the RRTS. Although the Chinese company was not abstained from constructing a tunnel portion of the RRTS, the trains were decided to be built by another company. Hence, a re-bidding was conducted by the NCRTC, and Bombardier Transportation , a former Canadian company in railway manufacturing, now acquired by Alstom ,
Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation - Misplaced Pages Continue
2880-486: The World Trade Organization (WTO) around 2001 has had profound effects on foreign investment. Not being a JV, they are considered here only in comparison or contrast. To implement WTO commitments, China publishes from time to time updated versions of its "Catalogs Investments" (affecting ventures) prohibited, restricted. The WFOE is a Chinese legal person and has to obey all Chinese laws. As such, it
2970-505: The ex-officio Chairman of LMRC. In 2017. the Lucknow Metro was inaugurated and opened to the public. In 2018, LMRC was reconstituted to cover and implement other metro projects in the state and renamed as Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation. In 2021, the Kanpur Metro was open to the public. This was the fastest built and commissioned metro system in the world built in 24 months. On 6 March 2024, PM Narendra Modi inaugurated
3060-464: The oil and gas industry , are "unincorporated" joint ventures that mimic a corporate entity. With individuals, when two or more persons come together to form a temporary partnership for the purpose of carrying out a particular project, such partnership can also be called a joint venture where the parties are " co-venturers ". The venture can be a business JV (for example, Dow Corning), a project/asset JV intended to pursue one specific project only, or
3150-450: The "constitution" of a company in these countries. The articles of association regulate the interaction between shareholders and the directors of a company and can be a lengthy document of up to 700,000 or so pages. It deals with the powers relegated by the stockholders to the directors and those withheld by them, requiring the passing of ordinary resolutions , special resolutions and the holding of Extraordinary General Meetings to bring
3240-454: The 17 km (11 mi)-long stretch from Sahibabad to Duhai Depot from October 2023, the initial ridership varied between 2,500 and 3,000 passengers per day. As of May 2024, following the extension of the corridor by another 17 km (11 mi) from Duhai Depot to Modinagar North in March 2024, which brought the total operational length to about 34 km (21 mi), the ridership
3330-459: The DOC data, foreign joint ventures of U.S. companies realized a 5.5 percent average return on assets (ROA), while those companies' wholly owned and controlled affiliates (the vast majority of which are wholly owned) realized a slightly lower 5.2 percent ROA. The same story holds true for investments by foreign companies in the U.S., but the difference is more pronounced. U.S.-based joint ventures realized
3420-470: The ETCS L2 signalling. This is the first time in the world that an LTE network is being used along with ETCS L2 signalling. On 26 January 2024, the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) drafted a plan to extend the RRTS corridor from its terminating point in Meerut to Haridwar through Muzaffarnagar , in a meeting of the National Capital Region (NCR) planning board. The officials of
3510-640: The Founder at board meetings. Recently, in a major case the Indian Supreme Court has held that Memorandums of Understanding (whose details are not in the articles of association) are "unconstitutional" giving more transparency to undertakings. A JV is not a permanent structure. It can be dissolved when: Joint ventures are risky forms of business partnerships . Literature in business and management has paid attention to different factors of conflict and opportunism in joint ventures, in particular
3600-409: The JV's life, giving the option to the foreign investor, by holding higher equity, obtains a faster rate of return with the concurrent wish of the Chinese partner of a later larger role of maintaining long-term control. The parties in any of the ventures, EJV, CJV or WFOE prepare a feasibility study outlined above. It is a non-binding document – the parties are still free to choose not to proceed with
3690-610: The Lucknow Metro. The formation of LMRC was formally approved by the Cabinet of Uttar Pradesh Government in June 2013. The SPV was incorporated under Companies Act, 1956 on 25 November 2013, and it got the certificate to commence business on 24 December 2013. The authorised capital of the company was decided to be ₹ 2,000 crore (US$ 240 million). In 2016, to speed up clearance processes for Lucknow Metro , LMRC became
Uttar Pradesh Metro Rail Corporation - Misplaced Pages Continue
3780-533: The NCR. This was included in the Integrated Transport Plan for NCR 2032, with special emphasis on Regional Rapid Transit System (RRTS) connecting regional centres. In 2013, The Governments of India and Delhi decided to create a comprehensive plan for developing a regional railway that will connect Delhi directly with the adjoining cities and regions of the NCR and beyond. Therefore, the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC)
3870-463: The NCRTC announced that the section would be likely opened by March 2024, thereby taking the operational length to about 42 km (26 mi). Therefore, the section was opened till Modinagar North on 6 March 2024, and till Meerut South on 18 August 2024, thus increasing the operational length to about 34 km (21 mi) and presently to 42 km (26 mi). Another 16.6 km (10.3 mi)-long section from Sarai Kale Khan to Sahibabad
3960-402: The NCRTC stated that if the plan is executed, then the travel time from Delhi to Haridwar would decrease to only 2 hours from the current 3-4 hours by road and 5-6 hours by rail. The officials decided to conduct a physical survey of the proposed section to assess the feasibility and execution of the project. A Detailed Project Report (DPR) will be prepared to further analyse the practicality of
4050-534: The RRTS and the Meerut Metro will be integrated together for stops. The corridor has currently 8 stations and one depot functional, and 8 more along with the Meerut Metro and another depot under construction. The stations' exterior designs are inspired by the feather colours of the Peacock , the national bird of India . The following list shows the stations, their integration with existing transport modes and their statuses. On 1 May 2020, Bombardier Transportation ,
4140-674: The RRTS have similar facilities like that of an airport . They have several facilities to fulfill the requirements of travellers and on-board passengers to ensure smooth and hassle-free experience, like booking counters, ticket and food vending machines, on-board catering and washrooms, check-in kiosks, baggage checking counters, CCTVs, platform screen doors (PSDs), washrooms, retiring rooms, restaurants, retail stores, free WiFi, child care facilities, emergency and medical facilities, facilities for physically challenged passengers like wheelchairs, escalators, elevators and connecting facilities to other existing transport modes like Delhi Metro stations in
4230-517: The RRTS station premise, with just one tap and without bothering about destination, thus saving them time and effort to book tickets in advance. This is also the first time in the world that such a ticketing feature is being provided in any public transport system. In line with the NCRTC’s efforts to ensure a seamless and hassle-free travel experience, this initiative lets commuters travel with spontaneity and allows flexibility in changing destinations during
4320-516: The RRTS, and 30 coaches consisting of 10 three-car trains for the Meerut Metro. In September 2020, the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) released the design of the RRTS train, which is inspired by the Lotus Temple . Designed in Hyderabad , the trains have a design speed of 180 km/h (110 mph) and an operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), making them
4410-468: The RRTS, through the densely congested Mathura Road. Upon this addition, the number of stations on the corridor increased to 16. The station will be underground, and will be completed and opened after the completion of the rest of the corridor. The rest of the corridor till Modipuram is expected be operational by June 2025. Following the Galwan Valley skirmish on 15 June 2020, there were calls by
4500-536: The US) covering know-how and trademarks and supply-of-equipment agreements. The minimum equity is prescribed for investment truncated, where the foreign equity and debt levels are: There are also intermediary levels. The foreign investment in the total project must be at least 25%. No minimum investment is set for the Chinese partner. The timing of investments must be mentioned in the Agreement and failure to invest in
4590-461: The cases, the status of the formed enterprise is that of a legal Chinese person which can hire labor directly as, for example, a Chinese national contactor. The minimum of the capital is registered at various levels of investment. Other differences from the EJV are to be noted: Convenience and flexibility are the characteristics of this type of investment. It is therefore easier to find co-operative partners and to reach an agreement. With changes in
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#17327728660224680-545: The coming years, including the Delhi–Meerut, Delhi–Alwar , Delhi–Panipat and Ghaziabad–Jewar corridors. The Delhi–Meerut corridor was chosen to be implemented first, due to high frequency of travellers and traffic between Delhi and Meerut, so, the central, state governments and the NCRTC began studies and cleared its construction. The feasibility study and the Detailed Project Report (DPR) prepared by
4770-460: The corridor. During construction, the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC) has managed the pace of the work on the RRTS, which has become among the fastest infrastructure projects being executed in India , while simultaneously taking extensive pollution control measures in and around the construction sites. A dedicated team of experts appointed by the NCRTC are regularly monitoring
4860-622: The death of Mao Zedong in 1976, initiatives in foreign trade began to be applied, and law applicable to foreign direct investment was made clear in 1979, while the first Sino-foreign equity venture took place in 2001. The corpus of the law has improved since then. Companies with foreign partners can carry out manufacturing and sales operations in China and can sell through their own sales network. Foreign-Sino companies have export rights which are not available to wholly Chinese companies, as China desires to import foreign technology by encouraging JVs and
4950-497: The densely populated areas of Delhi and Meerut , the route will be underground including near the Yamuna river at Anand Vihar . The entire route is designed for a maximum speed of 180 km/h (110 mph), with an operating speed of 160 km/h (100 mph). The average speed is approximately 100 km/h (62 mph). The corridor will start from Jangpura and will take its main course from Sarai Kale Khan station ,
5040-503: The directors' decision to bear. A Certificate of Incorporation or the Articles of Incorporation is a document required to form a corporation in the U.S. (in actuality, the state where it is incorporated) and in countries following the practice. In the US, the "constitution" is a single document. The Articles of Incorporation is again a regulation of the directors by the stock-holders in
5130-423: The effectiveness of these measures and step-up the activities wherever necessary. Construction is being done within barricaded zones of adequate height and thorough cleanliness is being maintained on these sites. Anti-smog guns and water sprinklers are deployed to settle the dust generated from the works. All the raw materials and debris are kept covered with loose, thin sheets properly at their marked sites. The NCRTC
5220-468: The eight packages, two packages in the Meerut section are also part of the Meerut Metro project. The list of all packages, their contractors and statuses is as follows: Note: Package-1 and Package-2 are part of the priority section of the RRTS, and Package-7 and Package-8 are part of the Meerut Metro. • Lot-1: 2000 MT of UIC 60/60E-1/60 KG 1080 Grade Head Hardened Rails • Lot-2: 4000 MT of 60 KG 880 Grade Rail Class-A All stations and trains of
5310-561: The fastest rapid transit train in India, at an operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph). Due to increasing population, traffic, congestion, pollution, demand and risk of accidents and mishaps in the National Capital Region (NCR), in 2005, the Planning Commission formed a task force under the Chairmanship of Secretary, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) to develop a multi-modal regional transit system for
5400-469: The fastest rapid transit trains in India. Each fully air-conditioned, six-car trainset, which could be extended to eight coaches based on demand, consists of one premium coach and one coach reserved for women, and is be able to carry 1,750 passengers. It is compatible with a host of train protection systems like automatic train protection (ATP) and automatic train control (ATC) systems, and also has features like regenerative braking . The trains are
5490-544: The first-ever rapid transit trains in India to have an aerodynamic and sleek design and ergonomically designed seats. They have several facilities and amenities to cater the needs of the passengers, such as on-board catering, ticket scanners, food vending machines, information display systems, hand rests on the sides of the seats, adequate walking space, window blinders, charging points, fire alarms, washrooms, CCTVs, separate seats for and wheelchairs for physically challenged passengers. The trains were named as Namo Bharat after
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#17327728660225580-471: The following major ways: In the UK , India , and in many common law countries, a joint-venture (or else a company formed by a group of individuals) must file its memorandum of association with the appropriate authority. This is a statutory document which informs the public of its existence. It may be viewed by the public at the office in which it is filed. Together with the articles of association , it forms
5670-423: The government or the public. Some of the issues in a shareholders' agreement are: There are many features which have to be incorporated into the shareholders' agreement which is quite private to the parties as they start off. Normally, it requires noтуОЧ submission to any authority. The other basic document which must be articulated is the Articles, which is a published document and known to members. This repeats
5760-510: The inauguration of the corridor. The entire rolling stock is being manufactured in India at Alstom's plant in Savli , Gujarat , and the first trainset was delivered to the NCRTC in May 2022. As of February 2024, of the 30 trains of the RRTS, more than 10 trains have been received and are in operation. The RRTS, after starting from Jangpura , will be connected to the Delhi Metro 's Pink Line at Sarai Kale Khan before taking its course towards Meerut . Then, it will have an interchange with
5850-567: The indicated time, draws a penalty. Co-operative Joint Ventures (CJVs) are permitted under the Sino-Foreign Co-operative Joint Ventures. Co-operative enterprises are also called Contractual Operative Enterprises. The CJVs may have a limited structure or unlimited – therefore, there are two versions. The limited-liability version is similar to the EJVs in status of permissions – the foreign investor provides
5940-602: The influence of parent control structure, ownership change, and volatile environment. Government procurement regulations, such as the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in the United States, may specify how joint ventures are to be approached as suppliers or confirm that a joint venture or other form of contractor partnering is seen as a "desirable" arrangement for supplying to government. The FAR states that The Government will recognize
6030-405: The integrity and validity of contractor team arrangements [including joint ventures], provided the arrangements are identified and company relationships are fully disclosed in an offer or, for arrangements entered into after submission of an offer, before the arrangement becomes effective. The Government will not normally require or encourage the dissolution of contractor team arrangements. Under
6120-504: The journey. In May 2024, the NCRTC announced to install electric vehicle charging points at all stations of the entire corridor, and launched the first charging points in Sahibabad station . All stations of the RRTS have similar features like that of an airport . They have several technologically advanced features to enhance and give passengers a smooth and streamlined experience, as follows: The RRTS, after starting operations on
6210-719: The latest technologies. Under Chinese law, foreign enterprises are divided into several basic categories. Of these, five will be described or mentioned here: three relate to industry and services and two as vehicles for foreign investment. Those five categories of Chinese foreign enterprises are: the Sino-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures (EJVs), Sino-Foreign Co-operative Joint Ventures (CJVs), Wholly Foreign-Owned Enterprises (WFOE), although they do not strictly belong to Joint Ventures, plus foreign investment companies limited by shares (FICLBS), and Investment Companies through Foreign Investors (ICFI). Each category
6300-480: The law, it becomes possible to merge with a Chinese company for a quick start. A foreign investor does not need to set up a new corporation in China. Instead, the investor uses the Chinese partner's business license, under a contractual arrangement. However, under the CJV, the land stays in the possession of the Chinese partner. There is another advantage: the percentage of the CJV owned by each partner can change throughout
6390-402: The majority of funds and technology and the Chinese party provides land, buildings, equipment, etc. However, there are no minimum limits on the foreign partner which allows him to be a minority shareholder. The other format of the CJV is similar to a partnership where the parties jointly incur unlimited liability for the debts of the enterprise with no separate legal person being created. In both
6480-469: The nearby towns and cities lying in Uttar Pradesh with the National Capital Region (NCR), cross Meerut simultaneously with the Meerut Metro and end in Modipuram . The corridor will have a total of 16 stations, with 9 more as intermediate stations of the Meerut Metro where the RRTS will not have any stops, except four stations at Meerut South , Shatabdi Nagar , Begumpul and Modipuram , where both
6570-409: The operations from the same day. The NCRTC named the provider of the services as RapidX and the trains as Namo Bharat , the fastest rapid transit train of India, at an operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph), soon after the inauguration of the corridor. In December 2023, after conducting trials runs on another 25 km (16 mi)-long section between Duhai Depot and Meerut South ,
6660-447: The overall operational length to about 34 km (21 mi) and currently to 42 km (26 mi). The owner of the corridor and its trains is the National Capital Region Transport Corporation (NCRTC), under whom the construction is also underway, while the operator is DB RRTS Operations India Pvt. Ltd., a subsidiary of Deutsche Bahn (DB). Upon opening, the RRTS became the first regional transit system of India, also consisting
6750-696: The priority corridor of the Agra Metro . Currently there are five operational systems in the state, Lucknow Metro, Kanpur Metro and Agra Metro that are operated by UPMRC and Noida Metro 's Aqua Line operated by NMRC. Under construction Approved Proposed 20 km (12 mi) 42 km (26 mi) Apart from operating Lucknow Metro , Kanpur Metro , UPMRC also provides consultancy services for Metro projects in Uttar Pradesh . UPMRC in association with RITES has prepared Detailed Project Reports (DPRs) for Metro in various cities of Uttar Pradesh. UPMRC
6840-704: The project, while 20% will come from the Centre and the remaining 30 will be borne by Yeida, and Greater Noida. Joint venture A joint venture ( JV ) is a business entity created by two or more parties, generally characterized by shared ownership , shared returns and risks , and shared governance. Companies typically pursue joint ventures for one of four reasons: to access a new market, particularly emerging market ; to gain scale efficiencies by combining assets and operations; to share risk for major investments or projects; or to access skills and capabilities. Most joint ventures are incorporated, although some, as in
6930-474: The project. The feasibility study must cover the fundamental technical and commercial aspects of the project, before the parties can proceed to formalize the necessary legal documentation. The study should contain details referred to earlier under Feasibility Study (submissions by the Chinese partner). There is basic law of the PRC concerning enterprises with sole foreign investment controls, WFOEs. China's entry into
7020-407: The projects began in June 2019. The metro has been added on the RRTS route in Meerut to provide local connectivity, covering 21 km (13 mi). The NCRTC planned for the 17 km (11 mi)-long priority section between Sahibabad and Duhai Depot to begin regular operations by March 2023. However, due to some works pending in the stations, especially in Ghaziabad , it got delayed, so it
7110-549: The rules applicable to public procurement in the European Union , public bodies may insist that suppliers intending to provide goods and services through a joint partnership accept joint liability for the execution of the contract. According to a 2003 report of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development , China was the recipient of US$ 53.5 billion in direct foreign investment, making it
7200-440: The same proportion as the increase in registered capital. The JV contract accompanied by the articles of association for the EJV are the two most fundamental legal documents of the project. The Articles mirror many of the provisions of the JV contract. In case of conflict the JV document has precedence. These documents are prepared at the same time as the feasibility report. There are also the ancillary documents (termed "offsets" in
7290-435: The shareholders agreement as to the number of directors each founder can appoint to the board of directors; whether the board controls or the founders; the taking of decisions by simple majority (50%+1) of those present or a 51% or 75% majority with all directors present (their alternates/ proxy ); the deployment of funds of the firm; extent of debt; the proportion of profit that can be declared as dividends; etc. Also significant
7380-423: The shareholders, including debt, is equal to the number of shares purchased by each partner. Delhi Meerut RRTS The Delhi–Meerut Regional Rapid Transit System (Delhi–Meerut RRTS) is a partially operational 82.15 km (51.05 mi)-long semi high-speed rail and regional transit corridor that will connect the National Capital Region (NCR) cities of Delhi , Ghaziabad and Meerut . It
7470-533: The starting station, run through Sarai Kale Khan , the terminal for the three planned corridors, both in Delhi, and end in Modipuram in Meerut. It will have 16 stations and two depots at Duhai and Modipuram . The foundation stone for the project was laid by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in March 2019, and construction began in June 2019. The project's first phase, or the 17 km (11 mi)-long priority corridor from Sahibabad to Duhai Depot ,
7560-432: The terminal station for all the planned corridors, in Sarai Kale Khan , both in Delhi. The corridor will pass through areas of Delhi, Ghaziabad , and Meerut; terminating at Modipuram in Meerut. The Sarai Kale Khan station will be the biggest of all the stations with three levels, six platforms and six tracks for serving the three corridors to Meerut, Panipat and Alwar . Due to its terminal status and location, it will be
7650-498: The trains of the Meerut Metro at Modipuram depot. In the metro's first phase, the first line will run parallelly along the RRTS tracks on both sides, and the four of its 13 stations will be integrated with the RRTS, at Modipuram, Begumpul, Shatabdi Nagar and Meerut South, so that commuters can seamlessly connect with the metro and the Namo Bharat trains of the RRTS, providing them the ease of travel within Meerut and for connectivity to Delhi , Noida , Ghaziabad and adjoining parts of
7740-426: The world's largest recipient of direct foreign investment for the first time, to exceed the US. Also, it approved the establishment of nearly 500,000 foreign-investment enterprises. The US had 45,000 projects by 2004 with an in-place investment of over 48 billion. Until recently, no guidelines existed on how foreign investment was to be handled due to the restrictive nature of China toward foreign investors. Following
7830-527: Was awarded the contract worth approximately ₹ 937 crore (US$ 110 million) in January 2021. All operations and trains are controlled by RapidX in its operations control centre (OCC) at Duhai Depot . After the completion of the second OCC at Jangpura , the RapidX will have two OCCs to look after the operations. Nokia partnered with Alstom to implement the 4.9G/LTE private wireless network to support
7920-450: Was expected to become operational by March 2023. However, due to pending works in some stations, especially in Ghaziabad , it got delayed. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 October 2023, and the rest of the entire 82 km (51 mi)-long corridor will be opened by June 2025. The corridor was extended till Modinagar North from Duhai Depot on 6 March 2024 and till Meerut South on 18 August 2024, thereby increasing
8010-646: Was formed in July 2013, as a joint venture (JV) of the Governments of India and the states of Haryana , Rajasthan , Uttar Pradesh and Delhi. The objective of this company is to reduce dependence of commuters on road-based transportation and enhance regional connectivity within the NCR and beyond, and construct, own and operate the Regional Rapid Transit Systems (RRTS). Within Delhi, the RRTS systems will largely run underground, connect to
8100-427: Was inaugurated and opened by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 20 October 2023. In July 2022, the NCRTC selected Deutsche Bahn (DB), the national railway company of Germany , to operate and maintain the corridor for 12 years with a further five years' option, as part of the contract. Hence, after the opening of the corridor, the company formed a subsidiary named DB RRTS Operations India Pvt. Ltd., and began to look after
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