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25-539: The traditional territory of the Utkuhiksalingmiut / Utkuhikhalingmiut / Ukkusiksalingmiut / Utkusiksalinmiut / Ukkuhikhalinmiut (meaning "the people of the place where there is soapstone" or "people who have cooking pots") people lay between Chantrey Inlet and Franklin Lake. They made their pots ( utkuhik ~ utkusik ) from soapstone of the area, therefore their name. Utkuhiksalik has been analysed as

50-598: A full member and later became president of the Academy. The centennial year of the Academy was honoured by a 35 cent, 3 colour postage stamp. The stamp features an image of the original centre block of the Parliament Buildings and the text "Royal Canadian Academy of Arts, 1880–1980", with the name " Thomas Fuller ", a member of the Academy and the Dominion Architect of Canada who had designed

75-533: A permanent basis. During a brief visit to the area in 2009 by one of survivors of the Garry Lake starvation, a bag and some small items that were still fresh, were found in the old Catholic mission that had been manned by Father Joseph Buliard. In Baker Lake, the Utkuhikhalingmiut were forced to change their nomadic lifestyle. They became a small minority in the hamlet where they were known as

100-626: A subdialect of Natsilik within the Western Canadian Inuktun (Inuvialuktun) dialect continuum. While Utkuhiksalik has much in common with the other Natsilik subdialects, the Utkuhiksalingmiut and the Natsilingmiut were historically distinct groups. Today there are still lexical and phonological differences between Utkuhiksalik and Natsilik. Utkuhiksalik closely related to Natsilik. The comparison of some words in

125-432: Is a Canadian arts -related organization that was founded in 1880. The title of Royal Canadian Academy of Arts was received from Queen Victoria on 16 July 1880. The Governor General of Canada , John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne , was its first patron. The painter Lucius O’Brien was its first president. The objects of the Academy as stated in the 1881 publication of the organization's constitution were three-fold: In

150-555: Is very remarkable that all the natives west of Boothia depend much more on fish than do any other tribes of the Central Eskimo. He considered the Ukusiksalik (Wager River) to be one of "five principal settlements" which included the "Aivillirmiut are Pikiulaq (Depot Island), Nuvung and Ukusiksalik (Wager River), Aivillik (Repulse Bay), Akugdlit (Committee Bay), and Maluksilaq (Lyon Inlet). They may be divided into two groups,

175-707: The 1980s, CBC radio aired a segment in which Jessie Oonark , OC RCA (March 2, 1906 – March 7, 1985)—a prolific and influential artist—described that encounter in the Utkuhiksalik language, which Oonark spoke fluently. Oonark was one of three Inuit artists—along with Marion Tuu'luq (1910–2002) and Luke Anguhadluq (1895–1982)—the Utkuhikhalingmiut camp leader —whose artworks reflect Utkuhiksalingmiut oral history and legends. By 1949, Roman Catholic mission post had been established in an island in Garry Lake Hanningajuq , an outflow of

200-567: The 48 Nunavutmiut groups and uses the spelling Utkuhiksalingmiut. During his Fifth Thule Expedition, the Danish explorer, Knud Rasmussen , visited a Utkuhikhalingmiut camp. This represented the first time the Utkuhikhalingmiut made contact with non-Inuit. Rasmussen, whose mother was Inuk, traversed the Arctic region from Hudson Bay to the Bering Strait in dogsled from 1921 to 1924. In

225-714: The Back River on Chantrey Inlet to their caribou hunting camp in the Garry Lake area, living in winter snow houses ( igloos ) and caribou skin tents in the summer. They subsisted mainly on trout ( lake trout and Arctic char ), whitefish , and barren-ground caribou . In his 1888 Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Smithsonian Institution , which was based on his trip to Cumberland Sound and Davis Strait and on "extracts from

250-650: The Back River people. In 2015, Nunavut Arctic College published Jean L. Briggs 700-page dictionary of the rare Utkuhiksalingmiut dialect, a multi-year, collaborative process. Rosie Kigeak, who became Briggs' mentor in the early 1960s when she came to live with a family camp to understand to the Utkuhiksalingmiut culture, became Brigg's "most trusted collaborator on the dictionary". [REDACTED] Africa [REDACTED] Eurasia [REDACTED] North America [REDACTED] Oceania [REDACTED] South America Royal Canadian Academy of Arts The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts ( RCA )

275-580: The Back River. In the late 1950s, there was a shift in the migratory patterns of the Beverly herd of the barren-ground caribou upon which the Utkuhikhalingmiut depended, causing a famine. During the winter months of 1957–1958, of the Utkuhikhalingmiut at Garry Lake—the Hanningajurmiut—58 people died before the federal government intervened. The Canadian armed forces airlifted 31 survivors to Baker Lake . Most never returned to Garry Lake on

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300-753: The Canadian Arctic, often by dogsled, visited the Jessie Oonark's camp when she was just a teenager. For the remote Utkuhikhalingmiut, he represented the first white contact. In the 1980s, Mame Jackson taped Jessie Oonark speaking in Utkuhiksalik and describing this encounter. The interview was broadcast on CBC radio. Well-known first generation Inuit artists, such as Jessie Oonark , CM OC RCA ( ᔨᐊᓯ ᐅᓈᖅ ; 2 March 1906 - 7 March 1985), Luke Anguhadluk and Marion Tuu'luuq were known as fluent speakers of Utkuhiksalik. Their art work like that of

325-542: The Dangerous Rapids of Back River. Schwatka counted seven families at the former and nine at the latter place. Their principal food consisted of fish, which are caught in abundance in Back River (Klutschak, p. 164). It is said that they have no fuel during the winter. Undoubtedly they use some kind of fuel, and I rather doubt the implication that they do not hunt seals at all. The musk ox and fish, however, are their main food, according to both Klutschak and Gilder. It

350-584: The Ukusiksalirmiut ever lived in that part of the country, and I cannot agree with Klutschak. I may add Parry's remark, that beyond Ukusiksalik (Wager River) another Ukusiksalik (Back River) was known to the natives of Winter Island. The reports on their mode of life are very deficient. They were met by Schwatka a little above the great bend of Hayes River in May, 1879; he also met another party in December at

375-579: The former comprising the southern settlements, the latter the northern ones. Every one of these settlements has certain well known sites, which are frequented at the proper seasons." Their team was not able to make the sledge journeys by ice from Nuvung to Ukusiksalik in the winter of 1864-1865 because large water holes were formed at "the entrance of the bay." In his appendix Boas included Ukusiksalik , "the place with pot stone" and Ukusiksalirmiut , "inhabitant of Ukusiksalik." The Danish explorer, Knud Rasmussen during his Fifth Thule Expedition, when he crossed

400-506: The membership had more than doubled by 1890. Members were drawn from all areas of the country and included anglophones and francophones. Men continued to out-number women and those female members were identified as painters not as designers or architects. As Academicians joined, they donated an example of their work to the National Gallery of Canada, building the collection of the as-yet unincorporated institution. A temporary home

425-469: The next generation, which includes many of Oonark's children, reflects many aspects of the Utkuhikhalingmiut culture. A complete dictionary of Utkuhiksalik was first published in 2015, marking an important contribution to the preservation of the sub-dialect. Jean Briggs , an anthropologist and expert on Inuit languages , helped to compile the dictionary. Utkuhiksalingmiut The Utkuhiksalingmiut Ukukhalingmiut , Utkukhalingmiut —the people of

450-605: The place where there is soapstone —is one of 48 groups of Inuit in what is now Nunavut , Canada. Their traditional land was around Chantrey Inlet ( Tariunnuaq ) area, near the estuary of the Back River in, what was then called, the Keewatin District of the Northwest Territories . The Utkuhiksalingmiut followed the traditional hunter-nomadic life moving from fishing the camp near the mouth of

475-619: The remains of a strong tribe which formerly inhabited Adelaide Peninsula but was supplanted by the Netchillirmiut and the Ugjulirmiut. Klutschak calls them Ukusiksalik; Gilder, sometimes Ukusiksalik, sometimes Ugjulik. The latter author relates that a single family living on Hayes River (Kugnuaq) had formerly had its station on Adelaide Peninsula, but had retired to this country when the warlike Netchillirmiut began to visit King William Land and Adelaide Peninsula. Schwatka could identify

500-464: The reports of other travelers", the anthropologist Franz Boas listed three Inuit groups—the Netchillirmiut, Ugjulirmiut, and Ukusiksalirmiut as the Boothia Felix and Back River Inuit, calling them tribes of the "Central Eskimo", terms that are no longer in use. The 2008 publication Uqalurait , an "authoritative and comprehensive compilation of the traditional knowledge of Inuit elders", lists

525-554: The same man with one of those whom Back had seen in the estuary of the river in 1833 (Gilder, p. 78). Therefore they must have lived in this district a long time before the Netchillirmiut began to move westward. According to Back the party with which he fell in did not know the land beyond the estuary of Back River, which indicates that they were neither from Ugjulik nor Netchillik. As the Ugjulirmiut lived on Adelaide Peninsula when Ross wintered in Boothia, I do not consider it probable that

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550-571: The same publication, two levels of membership were described: Academicians and Associates. No more than forty individuals could be Academicians at one time, while the number of Associates was not limited. All Academicians were required to give an example of their work to the collection of the National Gallery . They were also permitted to show more pieces in Academy-sponsored exhibitions than Associates. The inaugural exhibition

575-464: The two sub-dialects: Franz Boas included the Ukusiksalirmiut as a tribe of the "Central Eskimo" in the 1888 Sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ethnology to the Smithsonian Institution , The last tribe of the Central Eskimo, the Ukusiksalirmiut, inhabit the estuary of Back River. They were met by Back and by Anderson and Stewart. Recently Schwatka and his party communicated with them on their visit to King William Land. Klutschak affirms that they are

600-545: Was found for the collection in a building next to the Supreme Court of Canada and the first curator, John W.H. Watts , RCA was appointed to begin organizing exhibitions. The third objective—to encourage the teaching of art and design in Canada—was found to be more challenging to address with the limited financial resources available to them. Canadian landscape painter Homer Watson was elected as an associate, became

625-926: Was held in Ottawa and the first Academicians were inducted, including the first woman Academician, Charlotte Schreiber . Through the next 10 years, the Academy held annual exhibitions, often in cooperation with regional artists' societies. Exhibitions in Toronto were a joint project of the Academy and the Ontario Society of Artists , while those held in Montreal were held in partnership with the Art Association of Montreal . Exhibitions were also held in St. John, New Brunswick , and Halifax , Nova Scotia . Additional academicians and associates were added each year until

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