Jus novum ( c. 1140 -1563)
50-524: Dál nAraidi ( Old Irish: [daːl ˈnaraðʲə] ; "Araide's part") or Dál Araide , sometimes latinised as Dalaradia or anglicised as Dalaray , was a Cruthin kingdom, or possibly a confederation of Cruthin tribes, in north-eastern Ireland during the Middle Ages . It was part of the over-kingdom of Ulaid , and its kings often contended with the Dál Fiatach for the over-kingship of
100-550: A collection of abbreviations, Latin words and names used in English historical manuscripts and records which included a chapter "Latin forms of English Surnames". He acknowledged in compiling his list the assistance of an anonymous work The Norman People and their Existing Descendants (London, 1874). In the preface, p. xi, Martin stated of that chapter: "Many of the [place names and] surnames have been found in classes of records which contain documents in both languages referring to
150-597: A latinization of the family name of Coenraad Jacob Temminck to "Temminckius." Another example, Acisoma attenboroughi , Latinizes the name of Sir David Attenborough as if "Attenboroughus." Deanery Jus novissimum ( c. 1563 -1918) Jus codicis (1918-present) Other Sacraments Sacramentals Sacred places Sacred times Supra-diocesan/eparchal structures Particular churches Juridic persons Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law Clerics Office Juridic and physical persons Associations of
200-399: A membership of all clergy who are licensed to a parish within the deanery, plus elected lay members from every parish. They were established in the 1970s. The term is also often used to refer to the house, or official residence, of the dean of a cathedral. The term is also used to apply to the ecclesiastical districts of Jersey and Guernsey , which are Royal Peculiars and whose deans hold
250-814: A process of gradual infiltration by marital and military alliances as well as growing pressure from the encroaching Cenél nEógain, they moved their power east of the Bann. Once they had come to prominence in Antrim the Ua Flainn styled themselves as king of Dál nAraidi (in Tuaiscirt), Dál Riata, and Fir Lí, alongside their own Uí Tuirtri. Tribes and septs of the Dál nAraidi include amongst others: The following locations have all been cited to have been within Dál nAraidi: List of Latinised names The Latinisation of names in
300-595: A surname nor a patronymic surname as per their region of origin. However, academics came to Central European universities from all corners of Europe, with surnames from rare languages, so clarity in distinguishing students was necessary. Some Latinizations and Grecizations are exact vernacular translations of profession surnames or dwelling names, but others seem to bear no known connection or resemblance. Humanist names reached varying degrees of stability and heritability, and some exist to this day. Recent articles and dissertation by Daniel Kroiß have systematically categorized
350-664: A “Humanistenname” or “Gelehrtenname” was common for many an academic, cleric, and secular administrative who wished to ascend in societal rank. The other region where the practice became equally common was 1600s Scandinavia and the Swedish Baltic colonies where this practice was called 'lärda namn' or 'humanistnamn'. Further reasons for assuming such internationally recognisable names, especially in Scandinavia, included leaving agrarian conditions behind and embracing an urban and cosmopolitan way of life. Some academics never had
400-903: Is an ecclesiastical entity in the Catholic Church , the Eastern Orthodox Church , the Anglican Communion , the Evangelical Church in Germany , and the Church of Norway . A deanery is either the jurisdiction or residence of a dean . In the Catholic Church , Can.374 §2 of the Code of Canon Law grants to bishops the possibility to join together several neighbouring parishes into special groups, such as vicariates forane , or deaneries. Each deanery
450-521: Is first recorded in the Annals of the Four Masters under the date 680 as Ratha moiré Maighe Line . Neighbouring Ráith Mór was Ráith Beag (meaning "little fort", anglicised as Rathbeg), and is attested location where Áed Dub mac Suibni, king of Dál nAraidi and Ulaid, killed High King Diarmait mac Cerbaill in 565. By the 16th century Ráith Mór became known as Ráth Mór Mag Ullin , meaning "great fort of
500-413: Is headed by a vicar forane , also called a dean or archpriest , who is—according to the definition provided in canon 553 —a priest appointed by the bishop after consultation with the priests exercising ministry in the deanery. Canon 555 defines the duties of a dean as: Additionally, the dean must follow the particular norms of the diocese . Canon 555 also particularly mentions that a dean must visit
550-486: The Annals of Ulster under the year 824. Between 646 and 792, the Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt held the overkingship of Dál nAraidi seven times, with two of that number becoming overkings of Ulaid. Cathussach mac Ailello , king of Eilne and Dál nAraidi, and claimed as having ruled the over-kingdom of Ulaid for sixteen years, was killed at Ráith Beithech (Rathveagh, County Antrim) in 749. Eochaid mac Bressal, who died in 832,
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#1732790348793600-679: The Cenél nGabráin of Scottish Dál Riata in 697. Throughout the 7th century, the Cruthin had gradually lost their lands west of the River Bann, allowing Dál nAraidi to become the sole Cruthin dynastic grouping in County Antrim. After 776, the annals no longer refer to the Dál nAraidi as being of Cruthin stock, but to be of the Ulaid population-grouping instead, being called the fir-Ulaid ,
650-703: The Norman Conquest of England , it was used by the Anglo-Norman clerics and scribes when drawing up charters. Its use was revived in the Renaissance when the new learning was written down in Latin and drew much on the work of Greek, Arabic and other non-Latin ancient authors. Contemporary Italian and European scholars also needed to be Latinised to be quoted in such treatises. The different eras produced their own styles and peculiarities. Sophistication
700-560: The hundreds . The title "dean" (Latin decanus ) may derive from the custom of dividing a hundred into ten tithings . In medieval times rural deans acted as officers of the diocesan bishop , but archdeacons gradually took over most of their duties. However, the office was revived during the 19th century. Modifications to deanery boundaries may be made according to the provisions of the Archdeaconries and Rural Deaneries Act 1874 ( 37 & 38 Vict. c. 63). The deanery synod has
750-403: The trícha cét of An Tuaiscert . It also became an Anglo-Norman cantred called Twescard, which later would absorb the cantred (county subdivision) of Dalrede (based on Dál Riata), with these two combined cantreds forming the basis for the rural deanery of Twescard. A sub-division of in Tuaiscirt called Cuil an Tuaiscirt , meaning the "nook/corner" of Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt, was located in
800-532: The vernacular was a procedure deemed necessary for the sake of conformity by scribes and authors when incorporating references to such persons in Latin texts. The procedure was used in the era of the Roman Republic and Empire . It was used continuously by the Papacy from the earliest times, in religious tracts and in diplomatic and legal documents. It was used by the early European monasteries . Following
850-585: The "men of Ulster". In the 8th century the kingdom of Dál Riata was overrun by the Dál nAraidi. Concurrently the Dál Fiatach extended their territory cutting off the Dál nAraidi from the Uí Echach Cobo. By the end of the 9th century the Dál nAraidi had taken control of Ulaid from the Dál Fiatach. This however only lasted until 972, when Eochaid mac Ardgail restored Dál Fiatach's dominance. In 1005, Brian Boru , marched north to accept submissions from
900-473: The 15th century with the rediscovery of ancient literature. Thereby writers would seek connection to the ancient writers by taking up surnames or international pen names. We encounter names that follow naming conventions of those ancient languages, especially Latin and Greek, so the occasional Greek names for the same function are also included here. Especially in the German-speaking regions the use of
950-417: The 9th century, the Dál nAraidi had granted this church to Saint Patrick . The Airgíallan dynasty of Uí Tuirtrí that lay west of the River Bann had been active east of it from as early as 776, and by the 10th century had taken control of Eilne. Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt is said to have corresponded to the later baronies of Dunluce Lower and North East Liberties of Coleraine , and appears to correspond to
1000-668: The Cenél Talain mentions that they had an ancestor who fought alongside Fiacha Araide, the eponymous ancestor of the Dál nAraidi; the Crothraidi , who according to tradition descended from the western province of Connacht , however migrated to Ulaid and after 600AD had joined the Uí Erca Céin; Crothraidi Buaingine , who are said to descend from Munster; and the Dál Coirb Fobair , a portion of whom where located in
1050-584: The County Antrim and Down branches of the Cruthin from each other. As a result, the County Down branch consolidated into the kingdom of the Uí Echach Cobo , based at Magh Cobo, "the plain of Cobo". They were styled as kings of Cuib. According to the medieval genealogies they are descended from the Dál nAraidi, though this link is tenuous. By the 10th century Uí Echach Cobo was counted amongst the twelve tuatha of Ulaid. Uí Echach Cobo's territory formed
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#17327903487931100-618: The Cruthin suffered a devastating defeat. Afterwards the Northern Uí Néill settled their Airgíalla allies in the Cruthin territory of Eilne , which lay between the River Bann and the River Bush . The defeated Cruthin alliance meanwhile consolidated itself within the Dál nAraidi dynasty. In 565, Áed Dub mac Suibni , king of Dál nAraidi and Ulaid, killed High King Diarmait mac Cerbaill at Raith Bec (Rathbeg, County Antrim). The Dál nAraidi king Congal Cáech took possession of
1150-754: The In Tuasicirt branch, along with their allies, the Cianachta Glenn Geimin of northern County Londonderry led by Cenn Fáelad, were killed at Dún Cethirinn by Máel Dúin mac Máele Fithrich of the Cenél Meic Ercae of Cenél nEógain . Some form of combination of the Dál nAraidi, the Cianachta Glenn Geimin and the Cenél Feradaig was suspected of involvement in the death of Eochaid mac Domangairt , king of
1200-532: The Latinization of English names: "When a clerk had to render a name in a charter he usually sought for the nearest Latin equivalent, sometimes took a correct one, as "de Bello Campo" for " Beauchamp "; sometimes a grotesque one" . The latter refers to the mediaeval Anglo-Norman family of Orescuilz , which held amongst others the Somersetshire manor of Sandford Orcas (named after it), whose surname
1250-488: The MacQuillans", and was burnt to the ground by Art mac Hugh O'Neill in 1513 after which it was never restored. Cráeb Telcha, usually linked to modern-day Crew Hill near Glenavy , was the inauguration site of the Dál Fiatach kings of Ulaid, however it appears to have also been the same for the Dál nAraidi prior to the 9th-century contraction of their territory. By the late 8th century, Dál Fiatach expansion had cut off
1300-426: The Northern Uí Néill and severely weakened both Dál nAraidi and Dál Riata. The Annals of Ulster record that in 668, the battle of Bellum Fertsi (modern-day Belfast ) took place between the Ulaid and Cruthin, both terms which then referred to the Dál Fiatach and Dál nAraide respectively. Meanwhile, the Dál nAraidi where still resisting the encroaching Northern Uí Néill. In 681, the Dál nAraidi led by Dúngal Eilni of
1350-568: The Ulaid, which including marching upon the Dál nAraidi capital Ráith Mór where he received only the submissions of their king. By the beginning of the 12th century the Dál nAraidi, ruled by the Ó Loingsigh (O'Lynch), had lost control of most of Antrim to the Uí Fhloinn (O'Lynn) and became restricted to the territory of Magh Line. The Uí Fhloinn were the ruling sept of the Airgíallan Uí Tuirtri as well as rulers of Fir Lí, and in
1400-473: The area in the late 14th century. By the 10th century Dál mBuinne was counted amongst the twelve tuatha of Ulaid. After the Viking era, Dál Sailni and its church at Connor, the principal church of Dál nAraidi was lost to the encroaching Uí Tuirtri . The royal seat of the Dál nAraidi Magh Line was Ráith Mór (meaning "great fort", anglicised as Rathmore), located near Lough Neagh in the civil parish of Donegore. It
1450-426: The basis of the medieval deanery and Norman cantred of Oveh, as well as the diocese of Dromore. Their territory was later anglicised as Iveagh. Their 14th-century expansion formed the basis for the later barony of Iveagh. Also spelt as Uí Dercco Céin and Uí Dearca Chein , the Uí Erca Céin where a branch of the Dál nAraidi, and according to the 10th-century Lebor na Cert , one of the twelve minor principalities under
1500-475: The church of Bangor. At some point they disappear from Latharna and by the 14th century are found in the territory of Leath Cathail in central County Down. The Uí Erca Céin had five vassal tribes all of different origins: the Cenél Talain and Dál Fhocha nUchtar , both of whom appear to also have been of the Cruthin, and possibly refugees driven from their home that went to "Dercco Chen". A tradition of
1550-747: The dominance of earlier tribal groupings. In 563, according to the Annals of Ulster, an apparent internal struggle amongst the Cruthin resulted in Báetán mac Cinn making a deal with the Northern Uí Néill , promising them the territories of Ard Eólairg ( Magilligan peninsula ) and the Lee, both west of the River Bann. As a result, the battle of Móin Daire Lothair (modern-day Moneymore ) took place between them and an alliance of Cruthin kings, in which
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1600-614: The faithful Pars dynamica (trial procedure) Canonization Election of the Roman Pontiff Academic degrees Journals and Professional Societies Faculties of canon law Canonists Institute of consecrated life Society of apostolic life Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: A deanery (or decanate )
1650-465: The genitive of the traditional Latin form Carolus for the first name of the Swedish explorer Karl Johan Andersson . In most cases, the names are "one-off" Latinized forms produced by adding the genitive endings -ii or -i for a man, -ae for a woman, or -orum in plural, to a family name, thereby creating a Latinized form. For example, a name such as Macrochelys temminckii notionally represents
1700-548: The king of Ulaid. They appear to have been based near Semne in Latharna, with their base possibly being Carrickfergus , and a list of Uí Erca Céin kings are given as having ruled Latharna until the mid-7th century, though there are records of kings down to around 900 AD. A branch of the Uí Erca Céin line of kings, the Síl Fingín, also twice held the overkingship of Dál nAraidi. After 750, the Uí Erca Céin became associated with
1750-477: The mid-7th century the Dál nAraidi of Magh Line, ruled by the Uí Chóelbad dynasty, conquered Eilne (alias Mag Eilne) to their north-west and a branch of their dynasty seems to have settled there. This branch of the Uí Chóelbad descended from Fiachra Cáech (d. 608), brother of Fiachnae Lurgan , king of Dál nAraidi and over-king of Ulaid. Dungal Eilni, great-grandson of Fiachra Cáech and king of Dál nAraidi,
1800-469: The most abundant sources of Latinized names is in biological taxonomic nomenclature , particularly binomial nomenclature . Many thousands of species are named after individuals, chiefly but not exclusively scientists. This most often involves, in principle, creating a Latinized equivalent of the name in question. In some cases this will involve a traditional latinization; for example, the grey penduline tit , Anthoscopus caroli , derives its specific name from
1850-488: The name of an original population grouping. It was also known as Mocu Aridi. Their territory at its height spanned southern County Antrim and northern County Down containing the tuatha of Magh Line, Dál mBuinne , and Dál Sailni. It was later known as Trian Congaill , meaning the "third of Congal Claen" (Caech), and became an alias for the territory of Clandeboye, named as such after the Clandeboye O'Neill's who conquered
1900-503: The north-west of the petty-kingdom near Coleraine . Its territory would form the basis of the later barony of North East Liberties of Coleraine . The Dál nAraidi Magh Line, or the Dál nAraidi of Moylinny (modern-Irish Maigh Line , meaning "plain of Line") was the predominant dynasty of the Dál nAraidi. It was centered in southern County Antrim, with Ráith Mór its royal seat. In the 10th century they are counted as one of twelve tuatha (a territory or its people) of Ulaid. Line may represent
1950-463: The origin of Humanist names and their declension patterns in the German and Dutch speaking regions. Some humanist names derived from common professions as replacements of the vernacular term, and were found throughout Central European university cities. They included: Some humanist surnames that were not clearly based on profession or location included: The Complete Peerage (1913) states concerning
2000-523: The over-kingship of Ulaid in 626, and in 628 killed the High King of Ireland , Suibne Menn of the Northern Uí Néill in battle. In 629, Congal led the Dál nAraidi to defeat against the same foes. In an attempt to have himself installed as High King of Ireland , Congal made alliances with Dál Riata and Strathclyde , which resulted in the disastrous Battle of Moira in 637, in modern-day County Antrim, which saw Congal slain by High King Domnall mac Áedo of
2050-474: The parishes of the district in accord with the regulations made by the diocesan bishop. In the Church of England and many other Anglican churches a deanery is a group of parishes forming a district within an archdeaconry . The more formal term, rural deanery , is less often used, though the superintendent of a deanery is the Rural Dean . Rural deaneries are very ancient and originally corresponded with
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2100-406: The place name ' Windsor ', and de Umbrosa Quercu (literally "from the shady oak") for the surname ' Dimock '. He went on to say that the list includes many names collected from Latin inscriptions on brasses, tombstones, and other monuments, many of them dating to the sixteenth century and later, and said that he had supplied the English equivalents of these from other sources of information. One of
2150-472: The province. At its greatest extent, the borders of Dál nAraidi roughly matched those of County Antrim , and they seemed to occupy the same area as the earlier Robogdii of Ptolemy 's Geography , a region shared with Dál Riata . Their capital was Ráth Mór outside Antrim , and their eponymous ancestor is claimed as being Fiachu Araide . The Mythological Dál nAraidi was centered on the northern shores of Lough Neagh in southern County Antrim . Dál nAraidi
2200-484: The same case, like the Chancery Proceedings, in which bills and answers are in English and writs in Latin." Martin stated that some of the Latin names were "due to the ingenuity" of officials and clerks inserting what they thought would be a translation of an English name, being ignorant of its real meaning and history. This led to spurious translations such as Ventus Morbidus (literally "sick wind") for
2250-609: The south Antrim territory of Dál mBuinne, and are claimed to have descended from a Leinster (southern province) prince called Cú Corb. By the start of the historic period in Ireland in the 6th century, the over-kingdom of Ulaid was largely confined to east of the River Bann in north-eastern Ireland. The Cruthin however still held territory west of the Bann in County Londonderry, and their emergence may have concealed
2300-546: Was Latinised as de Aureis Testiculis , from French "Couilles d'Or". A list of "Latin forms of English surnames" is included as an appendix in Andrew Wright's Court Hand Restored, or the Student's Assistant in reading Old Deeds, Charters, Records, etc. , published in 9 editions up to 1879. In 1910 Charles Trice Martin expanded on Wright's list (the 9th edition of which he had edited) in his The Record Interpreter:
2350-474: Was one of the more prominent sub-kingdoms of Ulaid , with its kings contending with the Dál Fiatach for the over-kingship of the province for some centuries. To the north of Dál nAraidi in County Antrim lay the Dál Riata, the boundary between which was marked out by the River Bush to Dál Riata's west, and the southern boundary running from Ravel Water to just north of Glynn on the east Antrim coast. In
2400-566: Was possibly the first of this branch to be based in Eilne, however in 681 was killed at Dún Ceithern (modern-day Giant's Sconce in the parish of Dunboe, west of the River Bann ). This branch of the Magh Line Dál nAraidi eventually became known as the Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt (Dál nAraidi of the North) and Dál nAraidi Mag nEilne . The first reference to Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt can be found in
2450-467: Was the last known king of the Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt to hold the over-kingship of the Dál nAraidi. The last known king of Dál nAraidi in Tuaiscirt is recorded in 883. The church (or monastery) of Cuil Raithin on the shore of the River Bann lay in Eilne and was said to have been founded by Cairbre, who subsequently became its bishop. According to the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick , written in
2500-507: Was the trademark of the Renaissance Latinisers. The Anglo-Norman scribes on the other hand were not so learned, and often simply translated the vernacular name into Latin words based on similar sounds, without much effort to make sense or to avoid absurdity, which produced some strange results due to the complexity. In central European circles of academia and ecclesial writers, a specific practice of Latinisation arose during
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