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63-499: A developed version of the original V-173 prototype, the XF5U-1 was a larger aircraft. Of all-metal construction, it was almost five times heavier, with two 1,400 hp (1,193 kW) Pratt & Whitney R-2000 radial engines. The configuration was designed to create a low aspect ratio aircraft with low takeoff and landing speeds but high top speed. The aircraft was designed to keep the low stall speed and high angle of attack from

126-712: A crêpe . In Scotland and North America, a leavening agent is used (typically baking powder ) creating a thick fluffy pancake. A crêpe is a thin pancake of Breton origin cooked on one or both sides in a special pan or crepe maker to achieve a lacelike network of fine bubbles. A well-known variation originating from southeast Europe is palatschinke , a thin moist pancake fried on both sides and filled with jam, cream cheese, chocolate, or ground walnuts, but many other fillings—sweet or savoury—can also be used. Commercially prepared pancake mixes are available in some countries. Like waffles , commercially prepared frozen pancakes are available from companies like Eggo . When buttermilk

189-599: A wrecking ball . General characteristics Performance Armament Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists Vought V-173 The Vought V-173 "Flying Pancake" is an American experimental test aircraft built as part of the Vought XF5U program during World War II . Both the V-173 and the XF5U featured an unorthodox "all-wing" design consisting of

252-424: A beach. As the pilot made his final approach, he noticed two bathers directly in his path. The pilot locked the aircraft's brakes on landing, causing the aircraft to flip over onto its back. Remarkably, the airframe proved so strong that neither the plane nor the pilot sustained any significant damage. Despite their inability to stall the aircraft they did find low speed handling to be a persistent issue largely due to

315-513: A common breakfast food item in the Punjab . Most of the pitha in Assam are types of pancakes served on occasions such as Bihu festivals . The Bengali semi-sweet pancake pati-shapta is stuffed with grated coconut or thickened milk. In Western India, the multi-grain thalipeeth is popular. In Goa, a traditional crêpe -like pancake known as alebele or alle belle is eaten at tea-time. It

378-706: A distinctive spherical shape. (The name literally means "apple slices" in Danish , although apples are not an ingredient.) Æbleskiver are cooked on the stove top by baking in a special cast iron pan with several hemispherical indentations. Batter is poured into the oiled indentations and as the æbleskiver begin to cook, they are turned with a knitting needle, skewer or fork to give the cakes their characteristic spherical shape. Æbleskiver are not sweet themselves but are traditionally served dipped in raspberry, strawberry, lingonberry or blackberry jam and sprinkled with powdered sugar. Finnish pancakes greatly resemble plättar (see

441-428: A flat, somewhat disk-shaped body (like a pancake flying, hence the nickname) serving as the lifting surface. Two piston engines buried in the body drove propellers located on the leading edge, at the wingtips. In the 1930s, Charles H. Zimmerman was a noted aeronautical engineer who advocated the concept of "discoidal" aircraft, the so-called "Zimmer Skimmer" and worked on a variety of projects on his own and with

504-428: A low aspect ratio will suffer from very poor performance due to the degree of induced drag created at the wingtips, as the higher pressure air below spills around the wingtip to the lower-pressure region above. In a conventional aircraft, these wingtip vortices carry a lot of energy with them and hence create drag. The usual approach to reducing these vortices is to build a wing with a high aspect ratio, i.e. one that

567-471: A main course. On Shrove Tuesday , it is customary to eat pancakes with one of the usual toppings. Yorkshire pudding is made from a similar recipe, but baked instead of fried. This batter rises because the air beaten into the batter expands, without the need for baking powder; the result is eaten as part of the traditional roast beef dinner. Staffordshire oatcakes are a savoury variety of pancake particularly associated with that county. A variation of pancake

630-477: A near-vertical takeoff- and landing-capable fighter had been proven. This project would be improved upon including the addition of potential armament with the Chance Vought XF5U . This project would improve on many of the weaknesses discovered during the testing of the V-173 prototype. As of April 2012, after undergoing a long restoration by Vought Aircraft Heritage Foundation volunteers, the V-173

693-675: A small tailwheel gave the aircraft a 22° "nose-high" angle. The disc wing design featured a low aspect ratio that overcame the built-in disadvantages of induced drag created at the wingtips with the large propellers actively canceling the drag-causing tip vortices. The propellers were arranged to rotate in the opposite direction to the tip vortices, allowing the aircraft to fly with a much smaller wing area. The small wing provided high maneuverability with greater structural strength. The empennage consisted of two vertical fins with rudders, all-moving stabilizers with anti-servo tabs , and two large elevator/trim surfaces on either side of centerline on

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756-498: A snack option. Chinese pancakes may be either savoury or sweet, and are generally made with dough rather than batter. The dough mostly consists of water, flour, and vegetable oil. The dish can be served as a side, usually alongside duck, or as a snack, topped with scallions along with hot and sour sauce. In Japan, okonomiyaki are made from flour, egg, cabbage and a choice of ingredients. Oyaki are pancakes often stuffed with anko , eggplant , or nozawana . Dorayaki are

819-772: A sort of sandwich made from Western-style pancakes and anko. Sweet crepes are also very popular. The Japanese have also created a soufflé-style cooked-in rings-pancake, which is taller and fluffier than the American pancakes it is inspired by, and found in Singapore, Toronto , Australia, and the United Kingdom. In Korea, pancakes include savoury buchimgae (Korean pancakes) and jeon (egged and battered pan-fries, sometime pancakes), bindae-tteok (pan-friend mung bean cakes), as well as sweet hotteok (filled sweet pancake). These may be served during all times of

882-726: A thick but light caramelized pancake popular in Bavaria and regions of the former Austria-Hungary , is usually split into pieces, filled with fruits or nuts, sprinkled with powdered sugar and served with a fruit sauce. It is believed that this was first prepared for Kaiser Franz Joseph I of Austria . In Swabia , pancakes sliced into ribbons ( Flädle ) are often served in soup. English pancakes have three key ingredients: plain flour, eggs, and milk, though Gervase Markham 's 1615 version in The English Huswife used water instead of milk, and added sweet spices . The batter

945-581: A thin crepe, which is made from flour, eggs and coconut milk, with turmeric added to give a yellow color. Banana pancakes are a menu item in backpacker -oriented cafes in Southeast Asia. This has given rise to the term Banana Pancake Trail or Banana Pancake Circuit , given to the growing routes travelled by backpackers across Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. Pancakes in Indonesia are called panekuk . The Indonesian pancake serabi

1008-528: A very limited ability to shift their center of lift up and down to aid the aircraft in maneuvering. Initially, the aircraft used propellers originally designed for the V-173 prototype. These propellers would be replaced with propellers taken from the Vought F4U-4 Corsair . An ejection seat was fitted to allow the pilot to clear the massive propellers in the event of an in-flight emergency. Although

1071-509: A wheat flour-based batter. North Indian salty pancakes are made using batter prepared from gram flour or green gram paste ( moong daal ) and are sometimes garnished with paneer , a cottage-style cheese. Dosa , appam , neer dosa and uttapam are pancakes made in a south Indian cooking style. They are prepared by fermenting rice batter and split-skinned urad bean (black lentil) blended with water. Meetha pooda – sweet pancakes often eaten with pickles and chutney – are

1134-565: Is a potato pancake . Pancakes may be served at any time of the day or year with a variety of toppings or fillings, but they have developed associations with particular times and toppings in different regions. In North America, they are typically considered a breakfast food and serve a similar function to waffles . In Britain and the Commonwealth , they are associated with Shrove Tuesday , commonly known as "Pancake Day", when, historically, perishable ingredients had to be used up before

1197-425: Is a flat cake, often thin and round, prepared from a starch -based batter that may contain eggs, milk, and butter, and then cooked on a hot surface such as a griddle or frying pan . It is a type of batter bread . Archaeological evidence suggests that pancakes were probably eaten in prehistoric societies. The pancake's shape and structure varies worldwide. In England, pancakes are often unleavened and resemble

1260-770: Is a similar dish called crespella or scrippella . In this country are also popular some traditional waffle cookies called pizzelle and in some part of Tuscany there are typical thin crispy pancakes named brigidini , made with aniseed. In Brittany , a galette (or galette bretonne ) is a large thin pancake made of buckwheat flour, often cooked on one side only. Crêpes are popular in many South American countries such as Argentina , Brazil , and Chile . They are consumed with sweet fillings (marmalade, dulce de leche ) or with salty fillings (ground meat (Brazil), vegetables, tomato sauce, cheese). They have also become popular East Asian countries, including Japan , South Korea and China , and Southeast Asian countries, such as

1323-522: Is a similar kind of flatbread eaten in Somalia and Yemen . In Eritrea and Ethiopia, injera are usually served with one or more stews known as wat or with salads (especially, for instance, during periods of Ethiopian Orthodox fasting) or with other injera ( injera firfir ). The right hand is used to tear small pieces from the injera to use to pick up and eat the stews or salads. The injera under these stews soaks up juices and flavours and, after

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1386-473: Is a subtype of bibingka (Philippine baked rice cakes). Panyalam , a similar rice pancake from Mindanao , is deep-fried rather than baked. Traditional savory pancakes in the Philippines include pudpod (smoked fish flake pancakes) and okoy (a pancake made of battered shrimp, pumpkin, or sweet potatoes). The American style of pancakes is also a common offering in fast-food establishments in

1449-479: Is a variety of dishes that are called pancakes ( bánh xèo , bánh khọt , which are sometimes called Vietnamese pancakes), as well as similar dishes such as bánh căn and bánh khoái in central Vietnam . In Austria, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia , pancakes are called palatschinke , palačinka and palacinka , respectively (plural: palatschinken , palačinky , and palacinky ). Kaiserschmarrn

1512-583: Is also known as the Newari Pizza , as it is served and eaten similarly to American pizza . Besides being served with meat or eggs, it can also be served plain. In Pakistani cuisine , rishiki is a pancake, slightly thicker than a crepe, which is made from whole wheat flour, water and eggs and usually served with honey. It is widely consumed in the far north and is a staple of Chitrali cuisine . Sri Lankan Coconut Pancakes or පොල් පැණි පෑන්කේක් ( pol pani pancake ) are spiced sweet coconut filling wrapped in

1575-621: Is an Austrian pancake including raisins, almonds, apple jam or small pieces of apple, split into pieces, and sprinkled with powdered sugar. In Romania , they are called clătită (plural: clătite ). In countries of former Yugoslavia , they are called palačinka (plural: palačinke ). In these languages, the word derives from the Latin placenta , meaning "cake". These pancakes are thin and filled with apricot, plum, lingonberry , apple or strawberry jam, chocolate sauce, or hazelnut spread. Eurokrem , Nutella , and Lino-Lada fillings are favourite among

1638-491: Is baked in a rice flour batter immersed in jaggery , coconut shavings and garnished with sesame seeds, peanuts and poppy seeds . In the Philippines , traditional dessert pancakes include salukara , a rice pancake made from glutinous rice, eggs, and coconut milk . The batter is placed in a clay pot or pan lined with banana leaves or greased with oil (traditionally lard ), and is baked over hot coals. Salukara

1701-402: Is called Pek Nga or Lempeng Kelapa . Cooked very similarly to an American or Canadian –style pancake, albeit without a rising agent, it is a savoury pancake usually served during the breakfast hours with fish curry , coconut sticky rice, dried fish , rendang , or sambal . The traditional Burmese pancake is called bein mont , and is a traditional Burmese snack or mont . The pancake

1764-647: Is eaten as a dessert, there are savory spinach pancakes ( pinaattilettu , pl. pinaattiletut ), which are eaten as a main course, typically with boiled potatoes and lingonberry jam . These are available ready-made from multiple brands. Crêpes , popular in France , Belgium , Switzerland and Portugal , are made from flour, milk, and eggs. They are thin pancakes and are served with a sweet (fruit, ice cream, jam, chocolate spread, powdered sugar) or savoury filling (cheese, ham, seafood, spinach). In Francophone Europe, crêpes are often sold in special stands. In Italy there

1827-407: Is either allowed to dissolve into and soften them or, if their crispy texture is to be retained, eaten immediately. They are a staple at Dutch Reformed Church fêtes. Plaatkoekies ("flapjacks", or lit. "plate cookies") are American-style "silver dollar" pancakes. In Uganda , pancakes are locally made with bananas (one of the staple foods of the country) and usually served as a breakfast or as

1890-404: Is long and narrow. However, such wings compromise the maneuverability and roll rate of the aircraft, or present a structural challenge in building them stiff enough. The XF5U attempted to overcome the tip vortex problem using the propellers to actively cancel the drag-causing tip vortices. The propellers are arranged to rotate in the opposite direction to the tip vortices, with the aim of retaining

1953-701: Is made from rice flour and coconut milk. The dish is often served with kinca , a thick, brown-colored coconut sugar syrup. Other toppings may include sugar , ground peanuts , sliced bananas , jackfruit , and other fruits, and chocolate . Other variations include cheddar cheese , corned beef , shredded chicken , and sausage . Other types of pancakes in Indonesia are burgo , dadar gulung , kue ape , kue apem , kue cubit , kue cucur , kue leker , kue terang bulan , laklak , martabak , pannenkoek , poffertjes , roti canai , and roti jala . The traditional Malay pancake in Malaysia

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2016-596: Is on loan from the Smithsonian Institution to the Frontiers of Flight Museum in Dallas, Texas. General characteristics Performance Related development Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era Related lists [REDACTED] Media related to Vought V-173 at Wikimedia Commons Pancake A pancake , also known as hotcake , griddlecake , or flapjack ,

2079-617: Is rolled or enveloped into a pre-fried blintz and then the blintz is lightly re-fried, sautéed, or baked. Traditionally, Ashkenazi Jews who, prior to 1945, lived in what is today Poland , portions of the Czech Republic , Hungary , and other portions of the former Pale of Settlement also created blintzes, with the key difference of always using a kosher cheese filling with no rennet . The majority of recipes are sweet and are often served with berries or sour cream. These crepe-like dishes would often be served during Shavuot , and today

2142-479: Is runny and forms a thin layer on the bottom of the frying pan when the pan is tilted. It may form some bubbles during cooking, which results in a pale pancake with dark spots where the bubbles were, but the pancake does not rise. English pancakes are similar to French crêpes and Italian crespelle. They may be eaten as a sweet dessert with the traditional topping of lemon juice and sugar, drizzled with golden syrup , or wrapped around savoury stuffings and eaten as

2205-511: Is used in place of or in addition to milk, the pancake develops a tart flavor and becomes known as a buttermilk pancake , which is common in Scotland, Ireland and the US. Buckwheat flour can be used in a pancake batter, making for a type of buckwheat pancake , a category that includes blini , kaletez , ploye , and memil-buchimgae . When potato is used as a major portion of the batter, the result

2268-537: Is usually filled with jaggery and coconut. In Eastern India, malpuas are sometimes prepared in the form of pancakes. In some regions of Middle India , thin green Cheelas are made with ginger or garlic leaves' paste, and rice flour batter. Other ingredients included are salt , cummin seeds, green chili, oil, curry leaves and coriander leaves. In Nepal , the Newar people have a savoury rice pancake called chataamari cooked with meat or eggs on top. This dish

2331-592: The German Pfanne and Kuchen meaning "pan" and "cake") except in Berlin, Brandenburg and Saxony, where Pfannkuchen are Berliner pastries and pancakes are known as Eierkuchen . They are generally thicker than French-style crêpes and usually served with sweet or, occasionally, savoury fillings. Usage of a leavening agent or yeast is uncommon. Fried apple rings covered by pancake dough and served with sugar and cinnamon are called Apfelküchle . Kaiserschmarrn ,

2394-510: The Horn of Africa ( Djibouti , Eritrea , Ethiopia and Somalia ) are known as injera (sometimes transliterated as enjera , budenaa ( Oromo ), or canjeero ( Somali )). Injera is a yeast-risen flatbread with a unique, slightly spongy texture. Traditionally, it is made out of teff flour and is a national dish in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Canjeero , also known as lahooh or lahoh ,

2457-546: The Philippines and Thailand , where they are sold in crêpe stands and kiosks. They are often served with whipped cream and fruits, or non-sweet spreads such as vegetables. Farinata are popular in Mediterranean regions, including Nice. Also called socca , these are pancakes made from chickpea flour and seasoned with black pepper. They are popular street food in Nice. German pancakes are known as Pfannkuchen (from

2520-623: The Vought company. After testing using scale models, including a remotely controlled, electrically powered large-scale model, designated the Vought V-162, the US Navy approached Zimmerman and offered to fund further development. Data and concept documentation was given to the Navy in 1939, with wind tunnel tests on full-scale models being completed in 1940-1941. The original prototype, designated

2583-467: The fasting period of Lent . The Ancient Greeks made pancakes called τηγανίτης ( tēganitēs ), ταγηνίτης ( tagēnitēs ) or ταγηνίας ( tagēnias ), all words deriving from τάγηνον ( tagēnon ), "frying pan". The earliest attested references to tagenias are in the works of the 5th-century BC poets Cratinus and Magnes . Tagenites were made with wheat flour , olive oil , honey, and curdled milk, and were served for breakfast. Another kind of pancake

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2646-448: The Philippines, usually as a breakfast fare, as well as in specialty restaurants like IHOP and the local restaurant brand Pancake House . The inexpensive local counterpart, called hotcakes , aside from being commonly prepared for breakfast, is also prepared as an afternoon snack, with street kiosks selling small hotcakes topped with the choice of margarine , sugar , or condensed milk and flavored syrups. In Vietnamese cuisine there

2709-497: The V-173 ( Flying Pancake ), was built of wood and canvas and featured a conventional, fully symmetrical aerofoil section ( NACA 0015 ). Designed as a "proof-of-concept" prototype, the initial configuration V-173 was built as a lightweight test model powered by two 80 hp (60 kW) Continental A-80 engines turning F4U Corsair propellers. Later were fitted with a pair of specially modified 16 ft 6 in. three-bladed propellers. A tall, fixed main undercarriage combined with

2772-422: The V-173 during this time and found it surprisingly easy to handle and exhibiting impressive low-speed capabilities. Both Lindbergh and Guyton found that they were almost unable to stall the aircraft. Guyton was able to keep the aircraft in flight no matter how hard he pulled the stick in low-speed flight ranges at any altitude under 20,000 ft. On one occasion, the V-173 was forced to make an emergency landing on

2835-415: The V-173 prototype while providing for better pilot visibility, cockpit comfort, less vibration, and provisions to install armament. This included a cockpit redesign moving the cockpit from the leading edge of the wing to a nose nacelle that extended further in front of the leading edge. The arrestor hook was changed to a dorsal hook that would diminish the drag from the apparatus. Normally, a wing with such

2898-656: The XF5U-1 project was already long over its expected development time, and well over budget. With jet aircraft coming into service, the Navy finally canceled the project on 17 March 1947, and the prototype aircraft (V-173) was transferred to the Smithsonian Museum for display. Although two aircraft were constructed, a lone XF5U-1 underwent ground runs but never overcame vibration problems. Taxi trials at Vought's Connecticut factory culminated in short "hops" that were not true flights. The only completed XF5U-1 proved to be so structurally solid that it had to be destroyed with

2961-421: The aircraft feeling much too heavy when maneuvering for its light weight. In addition to this on the first few flights, the pilot was never able to achieve enough speed to achieve the correct amount of airflow over the control surfaces to pull the aircraft into level flight. The test pilot Guyton discussed these issues with Zimmerman and they worked to eliminate these issues. In addition to this Guyton commented that

3024-799: The batter. The preparation of blini/mlynci dates back to pagan traditions and feasts, which are reflected in today's " pancake week " celebrated in the winter before the Great Lent . In pre- Christian times, blini and mlynci were symbolically considered by early Slavic peoples as a symbol of the sun , due to their round form. Blintzes ( Russian : блинчики blinchiki ) are thin crêpes made without yeast. Filled blintzes are also referred to as nalysnyky ( Ukrainian : налисники ), nalistniki ( Russian : налистники ) or nalesniki ( Russian : налесники ). A filling such as jam, fruits, quark , or cottage cheese , potato, cooked ground meat or chicken, and even chopped mushrooms, bean sprouts, cabbage, and onions,

3087-444: The cockpit design was poor. He explained that in addition to the poor comfort the pilot had limited to no use for the clear bottom panels of the cockpit. He explained that the pilot sat too high in the cockpit to effectively use these lower panels for takeoff or landing. Flight testing of the V-173 went on through 1942 and 1943 with 190 flights, resulting in reports of UFOs from surprised Connecticut locals. Charles Lindbergh piloted

3150-421: The day as side dishes or just snacks. Variants of the dish use the batter of the pancake to make deep fried vegetables, meat, or fish. India has many styles of pancake. Variations range from their taste to the main ingredient used. All are made without the use of added raising agents . Pancakes prepared using a north Indian cooking style are known as cheela . Sweet cheela are made using sugar or jaggery with

3213-470: The description in the Sweden section below) and are called lettu , lätty , räiskäle or ohukainen . In Finland pancakes are usually eaten as dessert with whipped cream or pancake-jam, sugar or vanilla ice cream. Besides the plain lettu , there is also a version with stinging nettle added ( nokkoslettu , pl. nokkosletut ). In Finnish, lettu and pannukakku (literally "pancake") have different meanings,

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3276-434: The higher-pressure air below the wing. With this source of drag eliminated, the aircraft would fly with a much smaller wing area, and the small wing would yield high maneuverability with greater structural strength. The propellers envisioned for the completed fighter — unlike the torque-reducing counter-rotating propellers of the V-173 design — were to have a built-in cyclic movement like a helicopter's main rotor , with

3339-413: The latter having a structurally closer resemblance to a hotcake, and is baked in an oven instead of using a frying pan. Ålandspannkaka , literally "pancake of Åland ", is an extra thick variety of oven-made pancake that includes the addition of cardamom and either rice pudding or semolina porridge to the dough; it is only served in Åland and usually on its Autonomy Day . Besides the sweet lettu , which

3402-501: The prototype was unarmed, a combination of six M2 Browning 50-caliber machine guns or four M3 20 mm cannons would be mounted in the wing roots in service. The XF5U design was promising: specifications given at the time promised great maneuverability and speeds up to 452 mph (727 km/h). However, it came at the time when the United States Navy was switching from propeller driven to jet propelled aircraft. By 1946,

3465-488: The recipe still survives in places like Israel and New York. Latkes , potato pancakes with finely shredded or grated potato, can be eaten as part of the celebration of Hanukkah . Small thick pancakes are called oladyi ( Russian : оладьи ) or oladky ( Ukrainian : оладки ). The batter may contain various additions, such as apple and raisins. There also exists a style of pancake made out of quark called syrniki . Æbleskiver are traditional Danish pancakes made in

3528-463: The runway, it never entered true controlled flight. The first flight of the V-173 was on 23 November 1942 with Vought Chief Test Pilot Boone Guyton at the controls. The aircraft's most significant problem concerned its complicated gearbox that routed power from the engines to its two long propeller shafts. The gearbox produced unacceptable amounts of vibration in ground testing, delaying the aircraft's first test flight for months. This contributed to

3591-427: The shape of the lifting body . They found that the aircraft acted as an airbrake when it was pulled into a high angle of attack . This meant that the control surfaces, the horizontal stabilizers, in particular, would become very hard to operate at low speeds such as stalls, takeoff, and landing. The developmental V-173 made its last flight 31 March 1947. In 131.8 hours of flying over 190 flights, Zimmerman's theory of

3654-510: The stews and salads are finished, is also consumed. Injera thus acts simultaneously as food, eating utensil, and plate. When the "tablecloth" formed by the injera is finished, the meal is over. Lahoh is a pancake-like bread originating in Somalia, Djibouti and Yemen. It is often eaten along with honey , ghee and tea . During lunch, lahoh is sometimes consumed with curry , soup or stew. In Kenya , pancakes are eaten for breakfast as an alternative to bread. They are served plain with

3717-471: The sugar already added to the batter to sweeten them. Kenyan pancakes are similar to English pancakes and French crepes. A "pancake" in South Africa is a crêpe . In Afrikaans , it is known as a pannekoek (plural pannekoeke ) and, traditionally, is prepared on gas stoves and eaten on wet and cold days. Pannekoeke are usually served with cinnamon-flavoured sugar (and, sometimes, lemon juice) that

3780-457: The tail design would prove to make the aircraft controllable. In January 1942, BuAer requested a proposal for two prototype aircraft of an experimental version of the V-173, known as the VS-135 . The development version, the Vought XF5U -1, was a larger aircraft with all-metal construction, and was almost five times heavier. Although a prototype was constructed, it only performed brief hops on

3843-413: The trailing edge of the wing planform. Zimmerman chose to include the all-moving stabilizer design because he realized that the increased drag, prop wash, and large wing area would make the aircraft difficult to control at low speeds. Wind tunnel tests would prove that this was a success to an extent. The aircraft would prove to require a lot of force to control at low speeds during in-flight testing but

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3906-556: The younger population. A traditional version includes filling pancakes with cheese, pouring yoghurt over them, and then baking in an oven. Eastern-Slavic cuisines have a long tradition of pancake cooking and include a variety of pancake types. In Belarus , Russia , and Ukraine , pancakes may be breakfast food, appetizers, main courses, or desserts. Blini ( Russian : блины ) or mlynci ( Ukrainian : млинцi ) are thin pancakes, somewhat thicker than crêpes, made from wheat or buckwheat flour, butter, eggs, and milk, with yeast added to

3969-547: Was σταιτίτης ( staititēs ), from σταίτινος ( staitinos ), "of flour or dough of spelt", derived from σταῖς ( stais ), "flour of spelt". Athenaeus mentions, in his Deipnosophistae , staititas topped with honey, sesame, and cheese. The Middle English word pancake appears in English in the 15th century. The Ancient Romans called their fried concoctions alia dulcia , Latin for "other sweets". These were much different from what are known as pancakes today. Pancakes in

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