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87-870: The Volkswagen Up (stylized as Volkswagen up! ) is a city car produced by the Volkswagen Group from 2011 to 2023. It was unveiled at the 2011 International Motor Show Germany (IAA). Production of the Up started with the model year of 2012, in December 2011 at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. It is part of the New Small Family (NSF) series of models, alongside the SEAT Mii and Škoda Citigo which are rebadged versions of

174-579: A Fuel Stratified Injection (FSI) petrol engine . The four-seater space up! blue concept, the third variant of the Volkswagen Up concept series, debuted at the 2007 Los Angeles Auto Show . The Space Up Blue was visually the same as the Space Up and shared its length and width, but it included a different roof with a 150  watt solar cell which recharges the batteries. This means its height increases to 1.57 metres (5 ft 2 in) and

261-576: A CSTO peacekeeping force. One of the CST's original objectives was to resolve conflicts between CIS members, however military conflicts such as Russia's open assistance and support to the two secessionist areas in Georgia, Russia seizing Crimea and support to secessionist areas in Ukraine, the conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan, and Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan border issues have demonstrated how ineffective

348-649: A Founding state. Ukraine did participate in the CIS and became an associate member of the CIS Economic Union in 1994, and signed the Commonwealth of Independent States Free Trade Area in 2011. Ukraine withdrew its representatives from the CIS in May 2018 and stopped actively participating in the CIS. However, the country remained a party to a number of agreements, such as the free trade area. Although Ukraine

435-587: A change of government in a series of colour revolutions : Eduard Shevardnadze was overthrown in Georgia; Viktor Yushchenko was elected in Ukraine; and Askar Akayev was toppled in Kyrgyzstan. In February 2006, Georgia withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers, with the statement that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously", but it remained

522-580: A course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously". However, it remained a full member of the CIS. In the aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War in 2008, President Saakashvili announced during a public speech in the capital city Tbilisi that Georgia would leave the CIS and the Georgian Parliament voted unanimously on 14 August 2008 to withdraw from the regional organization. On 18 August 2008

609-536: A different rear door design with sectioned glass and wind-down windows. The South American model retains the European version's safety levels with a five-star crash rating and ample use of high-strength steel elements. In July 2015, Volkswagen introduced a new powertrain for the Up sold in Brazil, using a 1.0-litre, direct fuel injection three-cylinder turbocharged engine. In mid-December 2016, Volkswagen presented

696-433: A forum for discussing issues related to the social and economic development of the newly independent states. To achieve this goal member states have agreed to promote and protect human rights. Initially, efforts to achieve this goal consisted merely of statements of goodwill, but on 26 May 1995, the CIS adopted a Commonwealth of Independent States Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. In 1991, four years before

783-527: A four-door Cross model. Where the Up concept used a rear-engine, rear-wheel drive layout , the 2011 production model has a front-engine, front-wheel drive layout , using the NSF platform, with a 3-cylinder 1.0-litre petrol engine. It was originally reported that the Up concept would be produced under the name Lupo, like the Volkswagen Lupo that was discontinued in 2005. Eventually this plan changed and

870-560: A full member of the CIS until August 2009, one year after officially withdrawing in the immediate aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War . In March 2007, Igor Ivanov , the secretary of the Russian Security Council, expressed his doubts concerning the usefulness of the CIS, emphasizing that the Eurasian Economic Community was becoming a more competent organization to unify the largest countries of

957-617: A number of agreements including the 2001 Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) agreement on cooperation in the provision of safety of hazardous industrial facilities , the 1996 CIS agreement on cooperation in evacuating nationals from third countries in emergencies , the 1992 Agreement between the State Parties of the Commonwealth of Independent States on social and legal guarantees of the military personnel, persons discharged from military service, and members of their families ,

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1044-594: A result of increasing costs to comply with stricter safety and especially emissions standards, which makes minicars nearly unprofitable, especially considering that for most models from European brands this is the only market. In the United States, minicar segment cars represented 0.5% of the market share. In 2020 the highest selling minicar segment cars in the U.S. were the Chevrolet Spark , Mitsubishi Mirage and Mini Cooper . In India, historically

1131-689: A rising political crisis in the country, Mikhail Gorbachev , the president of the Soviet Union , proposed a federation by holding a referendum to preserve the Union as a union of sovereign republics . The new treaty signing never happened as the Communist Party hardliners staged an attempted coup in Moscow in August that year. Following the events of the failed 1991 coup , many republics of

1218-401: A third in 2020, which translates to nearly 400,000 fewer sales and means the segment loses market share as the overall market is down 24%. As a result, this segment now makes up 6.8% of the total European car market, down from 7.7% last year. And their share is expected to shrink further in coming years, as manufacturers are pulling out of this segment or switching their models to EV-only. This is

1305-882: A wheelbase of 2.19 metres (7 ft 2 in). City car A-segment sales represented approximately 7–8% of the market in the 2010s. It is approximately equivalent to the kei car class in Japan. As of 2021, the A-segment category size spans from approximately 2.7 metres (110 in) to 3.7 metres (150 in). Body styles for A-segment cars in Europe are always hatchbacks . But as crossovers gain popularity, new models may shift to resemble crossovers. Examples of crossover city cars include Suzuki Ignis and Toyota Aygo X . Other body styles such as sedans are not present in this segment because these shapes largely prove impractical at typical A-segment dimensions. In 2020

1392-462: Is 65 mm (2.6 in) longer), thanks to revisions to the floorpan's rear section to accommodate a larger fuel tank (50 L instead of Europe's 35 L), a full-sized spare wheel and increased cargo space. All versions have revised tailgates with a painted metal section (like the Seat Mii's and Škoda Citigo's) instead of the dark glass trim used in Europe. The five-door Brazilian Up also uses

1479-599: Is a rebadged version of the Up, with slightly different front and rear fascias. The Citigo was launched in the Czech Republic in October 2011. It began sales in other European countries from summer 2012. It was manufactured at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. Plans for sales in Russia and most other CIS countries were cancelled due to its dimensions being deemed too small for the market. The Škoda Citigo

1566-550: Is a regional intergovernmental organization in Eurasia . It was formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, and is its legal successor. It covers an area of 20,368,759 km (7,864,422 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 239,796,010. The CIS encourages cooperation in economic, political, and military affairs and has certain powers relating to the coordination of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security, including cross-border crime prevention. As

1653-661: Is a front-wheel drive with transverse engine mated to a five-speed manual gearbox and is 3.54 metres (139 in) long has a wheelbase of 2.42 m (95 in). The cabin is configured to four seats. The Up range included the Up GTI, which was previewed by the GT Up concept. Released in January 2018, the Up GTI feature a turbocharged version of the 1.0-litre three-cylinder engine producing 115 PS (113 bhp; 85 kW). An electric hybrid Up — which would be badged Blue-e-motion —

1740-745: Is modelled on the European Convention on Human Rights , but lacking the strong implementation mechanisms of the latter. In the CIS treaty, the Human Rights Commission has very vaguely defined authority. The Statute of the Human Rights Commission, however, also adopted by the CIS Member States as a decision, gives the commission the right to receive inter-state as well as individual communications. CIS members, especially in Central Asia , continue to have among

1827-459: Is sourced from 18  kilowatt-hours (kWh) lithium-ion batteries, which will give a range up to 130 km (81 miles). Quick charging will charge the battery up to 80% in an hour, while a regular 230 volt plug will take five hours. The roof of the E-up has a 1.4 square metre solar cell which supplies power to the vehicle's electrics, and when parked can power ventilation fans to help cool

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1914-697: The Eurasian Economic Union (alongside subdivisions, the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space ); and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances, the third aims to reach a supranational union of Russia and Belarus with a common government and currency. The CIS as a shared Russophone social, cultural, and economic space has its origins in

2001-522: The NEDC cycle , can accelerate from 0-62 mph (100 km/h) in 12.4 seconds and has a top speed of 130 km/h (81 mph). The E-up can be charged with 2.3 kW plugged into any standard 230 V socket, with 3.6 kW via a home-installed wall box or with up to 40 kW plugged into a DC fast-charging station via the optional Combined Charging System (CCS), which allows the battery to charge up to 80% in under 30 minutes. The production version has

2088-949: The Russian Empire , which was replaced in 1917 by the Russian Republic after the February Revolution earlier that year. Following the October Revolution , the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the leading republic in the Soviet Union (USSR) upon its creation with the 1922 Treaty and Declaration of the Creation of the USSR along with Byelorussian SSR , Ukrainian SSR and Transcaucasian SFSR . In March 1991, amidst Perestroika and

2175-700: The Volkswagen Fox ). The 'butterfly' doors open in a similar manner to those on the Mazda RX-8 ; the front doors conventionally hinged at the front, whilst the rears are hinged at the rear from the C-pillar, eliminating the B-pillar. Its wheelbase is also larger at 2.56 metres (8 ft 5 in) but retains the same width as the Up at 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in). Also for the first time Volkswagen showed images of its internal combustion engine ,

2262-526: The "Agreement Establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States", known as the Belovezh Accords ( Russian : Беловежские соглашения , romanized :  Belovezhskiye soglasheniya ). The CIS announced that the new organization would be open to all republics of the former Soviet Union and to other nations sharing the same goals. The CIS charter stated that all the members were sovereign and independent nations and thereby effectively abolished

2349-624: The 15 former Soviet Republics participated in the CIS, the three non-participants being the Baltic states , which were occupied by the Soviet Union. The CIS and Soviet Union also legally co-existed briefly with each other until 26 December 1991, when the Soviet of the Republics formally dissolved the Soviet Union. This was followed by Ivan Korotchenya becoming Executive Secretary of the CIS on

2436-723: The 1992 Agreement on the Establishment of the Council of Commanders of the Border Troops and the Agreement on the Creation of the Interstate System of Documentary Encrypted Communications of the Commonwealth of Independent States . Following the overthrow of Eduard Shevardnadze in Georgia, Georgia officially withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers in February 2006, stating that "Georgia has taken

2523-512: The 1995 human rights treaty , article 33 of the Charter of the CIS created a Human Rights Commission with its seat in Minsk, Belarus. This was confirmed by the decision of the Council of Heads of States of the CIS in 1993. In 1995, the CIS adopted a human rights treaty that includes civil and political as well as social and economic human rights. This treaty entered into force in 1998. The CIS treaty

2610-649: The 2011 production model was named the Up. At the International Motor Show Germany in 2011, Volkswagen unveiled the final version of the Up based on the Volkswagen New Small Family (NSF) modular architecture . The three-door bodywork is inspired by the 2007 concept Up, the engine range is 1.0-litre three-cylinder gasoline 60 hp (45 kW) and 75 hp (56 kW). Both the three and five doors are available with engines running on CNG and called eco-Up. The Up

2697-449: The 63rd International Motor Show Germany in 2009. The 3.19 metres (10 ft 6 in) long all-electric E-up uses a 3+1 seat configuration. It uses a 60 kW (82 PS; 80 bhp) (continuously rated at 40 kW (54 PS; 54 bhp)) all-integrated drive electric motor, mounted at the front and drives the front wheels. This electric motor generates a torque turning force of 210 N⋅m (155 lb⋅ft) from rest. Power

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2784-557: The A-segment cars had the highest sales. Sales have been in decline in recent years, falling from 70,000 sales per month in 2014 to 47,000 sales per month in 2016. As of 2019, several A-segment cars had successes outside Europe, such as Hyundai Grand i10 , Honda Brio , Kia Picanto , Tata Tiago , Toyota Wigo , Suzuki Celerio , Suzuki Wagon R , Suzuki/Maruti Alto , Ford Figo , Smart ForTwo , Citroën C1 , Peugeot 108 , and modern Fiat 500 . Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS )

2871-531: The CIS "on a selective basis". Since that month, Ukraine has had no representatives in the CIS Executive Committee building. In April 2018, Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko indicated that Ukraine would formally leave the CIS. On 19 May 2018, Poroshenko signed a decree formally ending Ukraine's participation in CIS statutory bodies. As of 1 June 2018, the CIS secretariat had not received formal notice from Ukraine of its withdrawal from

2958-498: The CIS (art. 7). Other states can participate as associate members or observers if accepted as such by a decision of the Council of Heads of State to the CIS (art. 8). All the founding states apart from Ukraine and Turkmenistan ratified the Charter of the CIS and became member states of it. Nevertheless, Ukraine and Turkmenistan kept participating in the CIS, without being member states of it. Turkmenistan became an associate member of

3045-606: The CIS Charter in January 1993, making them "founding states of the CIS", but did not ratify the Charter itself that would make them full members. These states, while not being formal members of the CIS, were allowed to participate in CIS. They were also allowed to participate in various CIS initiatives, e.g. the Free Trade Area, which were, however, formulated mostly as independent multilateral agreements, and not as internal CIS agreements. Turkmenistan has not ratified

3132-484: The CIS entirely by the end of 2024. A country can become an associate member under the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 8) if approved by the Council of Heads of States. Participation of associate members and of the observers in the work of the Commonwealth organs shall be governed by their rules of procedures. Two states, Ukraine and Turkmenistan ratified the CIS Creation Agreement before the adoption of

3219-639: The CIS in August 2005. Georgia left the CIS altogether in 2009 and Ukraine stopped participating in 2018. The work of CIS is coordinated by the general secretary. The Interparliamentary Assembly was established on 27 March 1992 in Kazakhstan . On 26 May 1995, the CIS leaders signed the Convention on the Interparliamentary Assembly of Member Nations of the Commonwealth of Independent States eventually ratified by nine parliaments,

3306-529: The CIS member states is the creation, in 1995, of the joint CIS Air Defense System . Over the years, the military personnel of the joint CIS Air Defense System grew twofold along the western, European border of the CIS, and by 1.5 times on its southern borders. In 2002, the six member states agreed to create the Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) as a military alliance. In 2007, CSTO members agreed to create

3393-641: The CIS signed the Collective Security Treaty (also referred to as the Tashkent Pact or Tashkent Treaty). Three other post-Soviet states signed in 1993 and the treaty took effect in 1994 and lasted 5 years. When the treaty was subsequently renewed, three countries withdrew, leaving Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Tajikistan as members. In December 1993, the CIS Armed Forces Headquarters

3480-556: The CIS, a process that would take one year to complete, following notice being given. The CIS secretariat stated that it will continue inviting Ukraine to participate. Ukraine has stated that it intends to review its participation in all CIS agreements and only continue in those that are in its interests. On 3 May 2023 Ukraine formally withdrew from the 1992 agreement that set up the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly. In 2023 and 2024 Ukraine also withdrew from

3567-607: The CIS, it would need to legally withdraw from the Creation Agreement, as Georgia did previously. On 14 March 2014, a bill was introduced to Ukraine's parliament to denounce their ratification of the CIS Creation Agreement, but it was never approved. Following the 2014 parliamentary election , a new bill to denounce the CIS agreement was introduced. In September 2015, the Ukrainian Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed Ukraine will continue taking part in

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3654-629: The CIS. Following the withdrawal of Georgia, the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan skipped the October 2009 meeting of the CIS, each having their own issues and disagreements with the Russian Federation. In May 2009, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine joined the Eastern Partnership (EaP), a project that was initiated by the European Union (EU). The EaP framework governs

3741-439: The Charter (Statutes) of the CIS was signed, setting up the different institutions of the CIS, their functions, and the rules and statutes of the CIS. The Charter also defined that all countries that have ratified the Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS and its relevant (Alma-Ata) Protocol would be considered to be founding states of the CIS, with only those countries ratifying the Charter being considered to be member states of

3828-446: The Charter and therefore is not formally a member of the CIS. Nevertheless, it has consistently participated in the CIS as if it were a member state. Turkmenistan changed its CIS standing to associate member as of 26 August 2005. The cited reason was to be consistent with its 1995-proclaimed, UN-recognised, international neutrality status, but experts have cited the country no longer needing Russia to provide natural gas access, as well as

3915-407: The Citigo. A fully electric version, the SEAT Mii electric , with a 36.8kWh lithium-ion battery and a range of 205 km (127 mi), was mass produced from 2019 to 2020. In 2020, SEAT decided to discontinue the electric models, following the 2021 discontinuation of the entire Mii lineup. From 2007 through to 2010 Volkswagen showed a number of concept versions of the Up prior to the launch of

4002-403: The EU's relationship with the post-Soviet states of Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine. There are nine full member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Creation Agreement remained the main constituent document of the CIS until January 1993, when the CIS Charter (Russian: Устав , romanized : Ustav ) was adopted. The charter formalized

4089-406: The Istanbul Agreement (see Adapted Conventional Armed Forces in Europe Treaty ), legislative initiatives to denounce the agreement on the creation of CIS were tabled in Moldova's parliament on 25 March 2014, though they were not approved. A similar bill was proposed in January 2018. On 14 June 2022, Moldovan Minister of Foreign Affairs Nicu Popescu said the Moldovan government was considering

4176-756: The Latin-American Volkswagen Up was evaluated under the Latin NCAP assessment and achieved a 5-star security rating for adults and 4-star security rating for children : In 2011, the SEAT Mii was evaluated for its safety performance under the Euro NCAP assessment scheme and it achieved a 5-star overall rating : The CITIGO in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. The up! in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. The Mii in its standard European market configuration received 3 stars from Euro NCAP in 2019. In February 2019 Green NCAP assessed Volkswagen Up GTI with 1.0-litre TSI engine and 6-speed manual gearbox: The Škoda Citigo

4263-401: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Georgia sent a note to the CIS Executive Committee notifying it of the aforesaid resolutions of the Parliament of Georgia and Georgia's withdrawal from CIS. In accordance with the CIS Charter (sec. 1, art. 9), Georgia's withdrawal came into effect 12 months later, on 18 August 2009. Since its inception, one of the primary goals of the CIS has been to provide

4350-526: The Netherlands, and the UK at the end of January 2014. The E-up! is not sold in the U.S. or Canada. As of January 2020, Volkswagen have sold 21,000 E-up! Worldwide. (62 mph) All fluids, 50% fuel Both engines are also available with BlueMotion technologies (SEAT: Ecomotive, Škoda: Green Tech), which incorporates a start-stop system and regenerative brakes to reduce carbon emissions. Depending on markets, some 60PS and 75PS models are available with optional five-speed automatic transmission. In 2014,

4437-515: The Soviet Union disintegrated, Belarus , Russia , and Ukraine signed the Belovezha Accords on 8 December 1991, declaring that the Union had effectively ceased to exist and proclaimed the CIS in its place. On 21 December, the Alma-Ata Protocol was signed. Estonia , Latvia and Lithuania chose not to participate. Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 following a war with Russia . Ukraine formally ended its participation in CIS statutory bodies in 2018, although it had stopped participating in

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4524-497: The Soviet Union. On 21 December 1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics ( Armenia , Azerbaijan , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Moldova , Turkmenistan , Tajikistan and Uzbekistan ) signed the Alma-Ata Protocol which can either be interpreted as expanding the CIS to these states or the proper foundation or foundation date of the CIS, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11. Georgia joined two years later, in December 1993. At this point, 12 of

4611-504: The USSR declared their independence fearing another coup. A week after the Ukrainian independence referendum was held , which kept the chances of the Soviet Union staying together low, the Commonwealth of Independent States was founded in its place on 8 December 1991 by the Byelorussian SSR , the Russian SFSR , and the Ukrainian SSR , when the leaders of the three republics met at the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Natural Reserve, about 50 km (31 mi) north of Brest in Belarus, and signed

4698-562: The Up GTI. It is powered by a 1.0-litre three-cylinder TSI petrol engine, which produces 115 PS (113 bhp; 85 kW). Its top speed is 192 km/h (119 mph) and it is capable of accelerating 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 8.8 seconds with a top speed of 196 km/h (122 mph). Weighing just 997 kg (2,198 lb), Volkswagen claims that it is capable of delivering between 49.6 mpg ‑imp (5.7 L/100 km; 17.6 km/L) to 50.4 mpg ‑imp (5.6 L/100 km; 17.8 km/L) depending on

4785-459: The Up was one of Volkswagen's successful introduction in Japan. The Up was also launched in South Africa in March 2015. Two models were offered at launch, both are the 1.0-litre 55 kW three-door variant. The two local options were marketed as Take Up , and the Move Up . In February 2014, Volkswagen introduced a modified version of the Up for Latin America. Built in Brazil, the Latin American Up differs from its European counterpart in length (it

4872-419: The Up, with slightly different front and rear fascias. The SEAT and Škoda versions were manufactured in the same factory, before being withdrawn from sale in 2021 and 2020 respectively. Production of the Up ended in October 2023. A battery electric version, called E-up , was launched in autumn 2013. The production Up follows a series of concept cars , starting in 2007 at the Frankfurt Motor Show . The exterior

4959-462: The concept of membership: a member country is defined as a country that ratifies the CIS Charter (sec. 2, art. 7). Additional members can join with the consent of all current members. Parties that ratified the Creation Agreement before the adoption of the Charter are considered to be "Founding states", but not members. In light of Russia's support for the independence of occupied regions within Moldova, Georgia, and Ukraine as well as its violation of

5046-431: The country had signed with the CIS, as his country aims to join the European Union. On 15 May 2023, the President of the Parliament of Moldova , Igor Grosu , stated the country will withdraw from the agreement establishing the CIS Interparliamentary Assembly; he argued that being in the CIS "did not protect the Republic of Moldova from energy blackmail in the middle of winter, from threats and official statements hostile to

5133-423: The country's declining faith in the confederation's ability to maintain internal stability in light of the Colour Revolutions . The Verkhovna Rada never ratified the agreement on membership of the CIS in accordance with the CIS Charter so Ukraine never became a member. Ukraine did not apply to become an Associate member, nor was it granted by the Council of Heads of States, accordingly Ukraine remained just

5220-440: The cross up! model, which has 15 mm more ground clearance than the standard model, and comes with plastic side skirts and wheel-arch flares as standard. In 2014, at the Geneva Motor Show , Seat presented the 2014 Seat Mii by Mango model aimed towards women, made in collaboration with the Spanish fashion company Mango. The SEAT Mii limited production started in October 2011 for the European market, with sales having started at

5307-440: The curb weight is a 1,090 kg (2,403 lb). Twelve lithium-ion batteries give the Space Up Blue 45 kW (61 PS; 60 bhp) of power and a 65 miles (105 km) range. Combined with Volkswagen's world's first hydrogen high temperature fuel cells (HT-FC), range is extended by 155 miles (250 km) giving total range of 220 miles (350 km). The two-door Volkswagen e-up! zero-emissions concept debuted at

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5394-544: The end of 2011. The final version was launched in May 2012. The Up was sold in Australia until 2015, when it was withdrawn due to slow sales. Plans for the Škoda Citigo to be sold in Australia were also shelved. At the Geneva Motor Show in 2016, the model sold in Europe received a facelift and the new TSI engine, that went on sale in the summer the same year. The Up was not sold in North America, CIS countries, Middle East, India, China, South Korea, and Southeast Asia. Japanese sales began in October 2012. Due to its small size,

5481-439: The independence and sovereignty of the Republic of Moldova". As part of the process to severing connections with the CIS, in July 2023 Moldova passed a law on denunciation of the agreement on Moldova's membership in the Inter-Parliamentary Assembly of the CIS countries. 70 agreements were denounced by October 2023, from the total of around 282 signed by Moldova. In December 2023, Moldova announced its intention to withdraw from

5568-523: The interior when parked in bright sunlight on a hot day. The solar cells can be increased in size to a total area of 1.7 square metre by folding down the sun visors. With a curb weight of 1,085 kg (2,392 lb), it can accelerate from rest to 100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 11.3 seconds; and should reach a top speed of 135 km/h (83.9 mph). The E-up concept is 3.19 metres (10 ft 6 in) long, 1.64 metres (5 ft 5 in) wide, 1.47 metres (4 ft 10 in) high, and has

5655-561: The national legislatures in the CIS (as well as recommendations) for their use in the preparation of new laws and amendments to existing legislation. More than 130 documents have been adopted that ensure the convergence of laws in the CIS at the level of national legislation. The Assembly is actively involved in the development of integration processes in the CIS and also sends observers to the national elections. The Assembly held its 32nd Plenary meeting in Saint Petersburg on 14 May 2009. Between 2003 and 2005, three CIS member states experienced

5742-403: The only CIS member not signing was Georgia. Under the terms of the convention, the InterParliamentary Assembly (IPA) was invested with international legitimacy. It is housed in the Tauride Palace in St Petersburg and acts as the consultative parliamentary wing of the CIS, created to discuss problems of parliamentary cooperation, review draft documents of common interest, and pass model laws to

5829-399: The organization in 2014 following the Russian annexation of Crimea . Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , Moldova voiced its intention to progressively withdraw from the CIS institutional framework. Eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations originated from the CIS, namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization ,

5916-493: The other controlling the in-car multimedia system. The car measures 3.45 metres (11 ft 4 in) in length and has a width of 1.63 metres (5 ft 4 in). The four-door four-seater mini MPV styled space up! concept car debuted at the 2007 Tokyo Auto Show in Japan. The Space Up concept had all the features of the first concept, but with four-doors and 23 centimetres (9.1 in) longer at 3.68 metres (12 ft 1 in) (15 centimetres (5.9 in) shorter than

6003-478: The powertrain, chassis or brakes. As of January 2023, new orders for the Up GTI were closed to allow time to complete orders before the GTI model ceased production. In July 2010 VW announced the production version of the E-up electric car , with sales scheduled to begin in 2013, and was subsequently unveiled at the September 2013 International Motor Show Germany . The production version has an 18.7 kWh lithium-ion battery able to deliver 160 km (99 miles) on

6090-402: The production-ready version in 2011. The two-door Up concept debuted at the 2007 IAA International Motor Show Germany in Germany, with a rear-wheel drive , rear-mounted , boxer engine and 18 inch wheels. The interior is designed to accommodate four adults, and features flat-folding, air inflatable seats. It also has two monitors on the dashboard, one showing vehicle statistics and

6177-510: The prospect of leaving the CIS, although at the end of May President Maia Sandu had said the country would not leave for the time being. An August 2021 poll conducted in Moldova (prior to the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine ) found that 48.1% of respondents supported Moldova's withdrawal from the CIS. On 30 November 2022, Popescu stated that Moldova will suspend its participation in CIS meetings, and on 23 February 2023 stated that Moldova has started withdrawing from multiple treaties that

6264-590: The sale of Citigo electric cars. The SEAT Mii, like the Citigo, is a rebadged version of the Up, with noticeable differences to the front and rear fascias. The Mii was launched in the Spanish home market simultaneously with the Up and Citigo in October 2011. It began sales in other European countries from the second quarter of 2012. It was manufactured at the Volkswagen Plant in Bratislava, Slovakia. Primarily sold in Europe, it received no noticeable facelifts, unlike

6351-524: The same day. After the end of the dissolution process of the Soviet Union, Russia and the Central Asian republics were weakened economically and faced declines in GDP . Post-Soviet states underwent economic reforms and privatisation . The process of Eurasian integration began immediately after the break-up of the Soviet Union to salvage economic ties with Post-Soviet republics. On 22 January 1993,

6438-403: The same dimensions as the five-door petrol model with seating for four. A second iteration of the e-up was announced on 5 September 2019. It is equipped with a larger 32.3 kWh battery, a range of 260 km (160 mi) and efficiency of 12.7 kWh/100 km (4.89 mi/kWh). 32.3 kWh is the usable (net) capacity, while the total (gross) capacity is 36.8 kWh. The Škoda version

6525-472: The situation of human rights in other CIS member states. The Commonwealth of Independent States continues to face serious challenges in meeting even basic international standards. The CIS Charter establishes the Council of Ministers of Defence , which is vested with the task of coordinating military cooperation of the CIS member states who wish to participate. In May 1992, six post-Soviet states belonging to

6612-485: The specifications, with CO 2 emissions between 127 and 129 g/km. It is the only Up to be available with a six-speed manual gearbox. The Up GTI went on sale in January 2018. In April 2019, ordering for the Up GTI was halted in the United Kingdom, but in January 2020 VW UK started taking orders again for a lightly refreshed version. The refresh included small optional equipment changes, but no alterations to

6699-460: The ten highest selling A-segment cars in Europe were Fiat Panda , Fiat 500 , Toyota Aygo , Renault Twingo , Volkswagen Up! , Hyundai i10 , Kia Picanto , Peugeot 108 , Citroën C1 and Suzuki Ignis . 100,000 - 200,000 sales (Best-Selling) 50,000 - 100,000 sales 10,000 - 50,000 sales rank (2021–2022) 2019 - In 2019, sales of minicars were down 2% compared to a total market gain of 1% which means this segment now makes up 7.7% of

6786-428: The total European car market at 1.21 million sales, down from 8% in 2018. And with margins on minicars under pressure due to increased costs to comply with stricter safety and emissions standards, manufacturers are scaling back investments in to minicars or switching to an EV-only strategy. In Italy, A-segment cars represented 16.4% of car sales in the first half of 2019. 2020 - European sales of minicars were down by

6873-582: The world's poorest human rights records. Many activists point to examples such as the 2005 Andijan massacre in Uzbekistan to show that there has been almost no improvement in human rights since the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Asia. The consolidation of power by President Vladimir Putin has resulted in a steady decline in the modest progress of previous years in Russia. In turn, this has led to little to no scrutiny by Russia when it comes to

6960-673: The Škoda model it is called City Safe Drive. The Up won the 2012 World Car of the Year . The Up! is available to order in the United Kingdom since October 2011 for five models – marketed as Take Up, Move Up, High Up, Up Black and Up White. British television show Top Gear presenters mocked the unusual name by calling the model "Up-exclamation-mark". The Up was introduced on the German market on 3 December 2011. Deliveries to other European markets began in April 2012. In 2013, Volkswagen introduced

7047-547: Was abolished. Instead, "the CIS Council of Defence Ministers created a CIS Military Cooperation Coordination Headquarters (MCCH) in Moscow, with 50 percent of the funding provided by Russia." General Viktor Samsonov was appointed as Chief of Staff. The headquarters has now moved to 101000, Москва, Сверчков переулок, 3/2. An important manifestation of integration processes in the area of military and defence collaboration of

7134-479: Was also sold in Israel and New Zealand for a short time. The Citigo was slightly updated with a facelift model in 2017. A fully electric version, the Škoda Citigo-e iV , with a 36.8kWh battery capacity and a range of 270 km (165 miles) under WLTP standard, was mass-produced from autumn 2019 and replaced the combustion engine version. It was the first all-electric car of Škoda Auto. In autumn 2020, Škoda terminated

7221-484: Was not a member. Ukraine has never applied for, or been granted, Associate member status. Following the start of the Russo-Ukrainian war in February 2014, relations between Ukraine and Russia deteriorated, leading Ukraine to consider ending its participation in the CIS. As Ukraine never ratified the Charter, it could cease its informal participation in the CIS. However, to fully terminate its relationship with

7308-415: Was one of the states which ratified the Creation Agreement in December 1991, making it a Founding State of the CIS, it chose not to ratify the CIS Charter as it disagrees with Russia being the only legal successor state to the Soviet Union. Thus it has never been a full member of the CIS. However, Ukraine had kept participating in the CIS, with the consent of the Council of Heads of States, even though it

7395-614: Was originally designed by the Brazilian designer Marco Pavone. This design was chosen and enhanced by Volkswagen Group Chief Designer Walter de'Silva , and Head Designer of the Volkswagen Passenger Cars marque, Klaus Zyciora . Shown at the Frankfurt launch were several further Up concepts, including a 98 hp (73 kW) GT version, a natural gas -powered Eco-up! (with CO 2 emissions of 79 g/km) and

7482-544: Was planned for 2014 but never released. Along with the other two rebadged models, Up is the first car in its class to offer an automated braking system, called City Emergency Braking . The system is automatically activated at speeds below 30 km/h (19 mph), when a laser sensor identifies a danger of collision and activates the brakes. In the SEAT model, the system is marketed as the City Safety Assist and in

7569-597: Was released as the Škoda Citigo-e iV, with a 36.8 kWh battery capacity and a range of 270 km (165 miles) under WLTP standard, and was mass-produced from autumn 2019. It is the first all-electric car of Škoda Auto and replaced the combustion engine version. Similarly, the petrol-powered Seat Mii was replaced with an electric version, the Mii Electric. Retail deliveries began in Germany in October 2013, followed shortly after by Denmark, Sweden, France, Norway, and

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