A rear-end collision , often called rear-ending or, in the UK, a shunt , occurs when a forward-moving vehicle crashes into the back of another vehicle (often stationary) in front of it. Similarly, rear-end rail collisions occur when a train runs into the end of a preceding train on the same track . Common factors contributing to rear-end collisions include driver inattention or distraction, tailgating , panic stops, brake checking and reduced traction due to wet weather or worn pavement .
33-475: The Volvo XC60 is a compact luxury crossover SUV manufactured and marketed by Swedish automaker Volvo Cars since 2008. The XC60 is part of Volvo's 60 Series of automobiles, along with the S60 , S60 Cross Country , V60 , and V60 Cross Country . The first generation model introduced a new style for the 60 Series models. Along with the rest of the line-up, the first-generation XC60 was refreshed in 2013. Similarly,
66-760: A fuel economy equivalent of 105 mpg ‑US (2.2 L/100 km; 126 mpg ‑imp ) and a total range of 600 mi (970 km). Fuel economy when running on the gasoline engine is estimated at 50 mpg ‑US (4.7 L/100 km; 60 mpg ‑imp ). Recharging time is 3.5 hours from a 220 V outlet and 7.5 hours from a 110 V outlet. The model was never released for production. 7.7 L/100 km (31 mpg US ) for T6 AWD 8.3 L/100 km (28 mpg US ) for Geartronic 8.3 L/100 km (28 mpg US ) for automatic gearbox 7.5 L/100 km (31 mpg US ) for automatic gearbox 6.8 L/100 km (35 mpg US ) for automatic gearbox The XC60 includes traditional Volvo safety features including
99-685: A rear-end collision . In 2011, the Highway Loss Data Institute credited City Safety for 27% fewer property damage liability claims, 51% fewer bodily injury liability claims, and 22% fewer collision claims for the XC60 compared to other midsize luxury SUVs. The XC60 had fewer insurance claims compared to other Volvo models lacking the City Safety feature. Euro NCAP evaluated the XC60 in 2008, awarding it 5 of 5 stars for adult occupant protection. The XC60 scored 16 of 16 points in
132-655: A D-segment car platform or above. While being significantly more expensive, vehicles from this segment offer similar driving and convenience advantages as mainstream compact crossover SUVs, with larger exterior dimensions, more refined interiors, more advanced technologies, higher engine power and added prestige. Rear-end collision According to the National Highway Safety Administration (NHTSA), rear-end collisions account for 7.5% of fatal automobile collisions. However, they account for 29% of all automobile accidents , making them one of
165-436: A collision. Generally, if two vehicles have similar physical structures, crashing into another car is equivalent to crashing into a rigid immovable surface (like a wall) at half of the closing speed. This means that rear-ending a stationary car while travelling at 50 km/h (30 mph) is equivalent, in terms of deceleration, to crashing into a wall at 25 km/h (15 mph). The same is true for the vehicle crashed into. However, if one of
198-529: A refreshed version of the XC60, to be released for the 2014 model year. Exterior updates are primarily cosmetic, with changes to the grille and front driving lights, loss of black cladding along the lower doorsills, and minor changes to the exhaust tips and taillights. Interior updates include new materials and dashboard trims, available paddle shifter on the T6 model, and introduction of a 7" display. In 2014, special blue colour. The Volvo XC60 plug-in hybrid concept
231-417: A whiplash protection system, side impact protection system, roll stability control, dynamic stability and traction control, inflatable curtain airbags, hill descent control (AWD only), collision warning with brake support, active bi-xenon lights (optional on some models), and patented front, side, and rear structures. The XC60 also introduced a new technology feature that Volvo has named City safety . The system
264-590: Is an automobile classification used mainly in North America to describe a segment of crossover SUV , a type of sport utility vehicle , between subcompact crossover SUV and mid-size crossover SUV . By the late 2010s, the segment had emerged as the most popular automobile segment in several regions. For example, nearly one in every four cars sold in the United States in 2019 was a compact crossover, at about 24.2 percent. The best-selling vehicle in
297-476: Is described as a driver support system with the goal of preventing or mitigating vehicle-on-vehicle collisions below 30 km/h (19 mph); it does so through the use of a closing velocity sensor that helps determine whether a collision is likely. Depending on the speed, if a collision is likely, the Volvo's computer system will either prepare the car to brake or automatically brake the vehicle to avoid or mitigate
330-537: The 1994 Toyota RAV4 , 1995 Honda CR-V , 1997 Subaru Forester , 2000 Nissan X-Trail , 2000 Mazda Tribute , and the 2001 Ford Escape . Between 2005 and 2010, the market share of compact crossovers in the US increased from 6 percent to 11.2 percent. In 2014, for the first time ever, sales of compact crossovers outpaced mid-size sedans in the United States. In the European market, several analysts and agencies divided
363-602: The EPA range to 19 miles (31 km). For the 2021 model year, T8 models were renamed to "Recharge" models. For the 2022 model year, Volvo released an XC60 Recharge Extended Range. Battery size was increased to 18.7 kWh (14.8 kWh usable), increasing the all-electric range to 77 kilometres (48 mi). The rear electric motor was upgraded to a 142 hp (106 kW; 144 PS) unit, increasing total power output to 455 hp (339 kW; 461 PS). Volvos sold in Indonesia,
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#1732786887003396-804: The Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam are all imported from Malaysia's Volvo factory in Shah Alam. The XC60 is available in Core, Plus, and Ultimate as of 2023 name changes. The XC60 earned the IIHS's Top Safety Pick for 2018, 2019, 2020, 2023 and 2024, and earned Top Safety Pick+ for 2021 and 2022. The Volvo XC60 has been Volvo's best selling car, with sales increasing every year since its release in 2008. The second generation XC60 (released in 2017) has continued to set new sales records. Compact crossover SUV#Luxury vehicles Compact crossover SUV
429-504: The Volvo XC60 their Top Safety Pick+ award. The XC60 was granted the IIHS's highest rating of "good" in front, side, rear and roof strength tests and has Electronic Stability Control as standard equipment to receive the award. Volvo used the 2009 film The Twilight Saga: New Moon to promote the XC60, including an online contest to give away models identical to the one driven by lead character Edward Cullen. The second generation XC60
462-416: The base engine option in the US. The XC60 was released with a T8 plug-in hybrid variant that used the T6 engine combined with a 10.4 kWh battery (9.2 kWh usable) and an 87 hp (65 kW; 88 PS) rear electric motor to produce 407 hp (303 kW; 413 PS). The EPA all-electric range is 18 miles (29 km). For the 2020 model year, the battery size was increased to 11.6 kWh, which increased
495-508: The compact crossover category have two-row seating, while some offer three-row seating. Vehicles in this segment typically have an exterior length ranging between 4,400 mm (173.2 in) and 4,700 mm (185.0 in). Due to its popularity and to cater to customer needs, many manufacturers offer more than one compact crossover, usually offering them in slightly different sizes at different price points. American magazine Car and Driver stated "so many of these vehicles are crowding
528-509: The front test and 16 of 16 in the side test. The car received 2 of 2 points available in the pole test and an additional 3 points available for seat belt reminders. The XC60 received a total of 37 of 37 points and therefore five stars (33–37) in Euro NCAP's evaluation. The XC60 was one of only three cars to receive 37 of 37 available points under Euro NCAP's point based evaluation at the time. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety awarded
561-456: The market. In several regions outside North America, the category may be known as "mid-size/medium crossover" or "mid-size/medium SUV", which differs with the more common mid-size crossover SUV definition used in US, which is a class above. Compact crossovers are usually based on the platform of a compact car ( C-segment ), while some models may be based on a mid-size car ( D-segment ) or an enlarged B-segment platform. The majority of models in
594-469: The marketplace, simply sorting through them can be a daunting task". The first compact crossover was the 1980 AMC Eagle that was based on the compact-sized Concord line. Its four-wheel drive system was an almost unheard-of feature on regular passenger cars at the time and it came with full-time all-wheel drive, automatic transmission, power steering, power front disk brakes standard as well as numerous convenience and comfort options. Later models included
627-481: The most frequent types of automobile accidents in the United States . Typical scenarios for rear-ends are a sudden deceleration by the first car (for example, to avoid someone crossing the street) so that the driver behind it does not have time to brake and collides with it. Alternatively, the following car may accelerate more rapidly than the leading one (for example, leaving an intersection), resulting in
660-425: The respective brands. It is known by many terms such as compact luxury crossover SUV, luxury compact SUV, premium small SUV, premium compact crossover, luxury small SUV, among others. Compact luxury crossover SUVs are usually based on the platform of a mid-size car ( D-segment ), while some models may be based on a full-size car ( E-segment ) or a C-segment platform. Vehicles in this segment are commonly built on
693-537: The second-generation model, released in 2017, is the first in the series. The car was named Car of the Year Japan for 2017–2018. The XC60 concept was unveiled at the 2007 Detroit Auto Show . It included a glass roof and a newly styled grille. The model introduced Volvo's new styling cues, which were gradually implemented throughout the model range. The XC60 concept also included a new shifting mechanism, electronic bootlid, and 20-inch wheels. The production vehicle
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#1732786887003726-537: The segment in 2020 was the Toyota RAV4 , with 995,762 units sold globally. It was also the second best-selling automobile in the world after the Toyota Corolla in 2021. The term "compact crossover SUV" is most commonly used in the North America, where the " compact car " and "crossover" terms originated from. It is also known as C-segment SUV or C-SUV. The naming of the segment also differ depending on
759-496: The segment into two, the smaller ones ("compact" or "C-SUV"), and the larger vehicles ("mid-size" or "D-SUV"), with the latter usually longer than 4,500 mm (177.2 in) with some models offering three-row seating. In 2021, the combined segments in Europe recorded 3,055,770 sales according to data from JATO Dynamics, representing 26 percent of the market. The Nissan Qashqai played a significant role of growing and popularising
792-727: The segment since its introduction until 2019, when the Volkswagen Tiguan took its place. In 2016, two out of three vehicles sold in the segment were produced by Renault–Nissan , Volkswagen Group and Hyundai Motor Group . The segment is commonly known as "medium SUV" in the region. In 2021, it is the second-largest automobile segment in the market after pickup trucks at 180,000 units from 19 different models, which contributed 17.2 percent of total automobile sales in Australia. Numerous luxury car brands marketed compact crossover SUVs, usually as an entry-level SUV offering of
825-515: The segment. Introduced in 2006, at the time it was Nissan's only vehicle in the C-segment space in Europe since the company discontinued the Almera hatchback and saloon. The vehicle was credited to start the trend for compact crossovers in Europe, with their advantage being high-riding and rugged-looking family cars, while not having the high running costs usually associated with off-roaders. It led
858-414: The short rear crumple zone , are more likely to be injured or killed. For purposes of insurance and policing , the driver of the car that rear-ends the other car is almost always considered at fault due to following too closely, or lack of attention. An exception is if the rear-ended vehicle is in reverse gear. If the driver of the car that was rear-ended files a claim against the driver who hit them,
891-598: The time of development, both Land Rover and Volvo were owned by Ford and development was split between the two subsidiaries. Much of the engineering and tuning of the crossover was done by Volvo in Sweden, although offroad capabilities were developed at Land Rover in England. In April 2010, an R-Design variant of the XC60 became available, featuring a colour-matching body kit, stiffer chassis and damping, and other unique exterior/interior trim. In February 2013, Volvo debuted
924-476: The updated side-impact test. The possible injuries recorded on the dummies that simulated the vehicle's occupants, especially the driver and rear passenger, were the determining factor in this rating. The XC60 was released with two mild hybrid variants in 2020, with both a petrol and diesel 2.0L variant available. They utilize an Integrated Starter Generator (ISG) and a KERS system In 2023, Volvo removed conventional engines as an option, meaning mild hybrids are
957-428: The vehicles is significantly more rigid (e.g. a small car hits the rear of a heavy truck) then the deceleration is more typically reflected by the full closing speed for the less rigid vehicle. A typical medical consequence of rear-ends, even in collisions at moderate speed, is whiplash . In more severe cases, permanent injuries such as herniation may occur. The rearmost passengers in minivans , benefiting little from
990-682: Was facelifted on 2 March 2021, with the new version debuting alongside the Volvo C40 . The engines remain the same 2.0 litre with petrol, diesel, or PHEV power. Like the XC40 Recharge Electric and the C40, the XC60 facelift also gains a new Android-powered infotainment system that's been developed in collaboration with Google. The 2024 Volvo XC60, which fell short of the Top Safety Pick+ award, received an “acceptable” rating in
1023-531: Was unveiled at the 2008 Geneva Motor Show . Sales began in Europe in the third quarter of 2008 and in North America in early 2009 as a 2010 model. The XC60 has been Volvo's best selling car since 2009. Manufactured by subsidiary Volvo Car Gent in Ghent , Belgium , the first generation XC60 is based on Volvo's P3 platform and the XC60 shares technology with the Land Rover Freelander of 2007. At
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1056-528: Was unveiled at the 2012 North American International Auto Show . The powertrain mated a 270 hp (201 kW; 274 PS) turbocharged 4-cylinder driving the front wheels with a 70 hp (52 kW; 71 PS) electric motor driving the rear wheels, giving the powertrain a peak combined output of 350 hp (261 kW; 355 PS). According to Volvo, the XC60 Plug-in Hybrid has an all-electric range of up to 35 mi (56 km) for
1089-476: Was unveiled at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show . The first −60 series model in its generation and the first since Volvo's purchase by Geely, it is based on the same Scalable Product Architecture (SPA) platform as the S90, V90, and XC90. As part of Volvo's move toward smaller engines, the new model uses only four-cylinder engines, in various configurations and states of tune, again shared with the −90 series models. The car
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