58-753: VeloNews was an American cycling magazine headquartered in Boulder, Colorado dedicated to the sport of cycling . After 50 years of leading cycling journalism in the United States, VeloNews was purchased by Outside Inc. in early 2021. Months later, another major U.S. road cycling publication, Cycling Tips, was acquired in July 2021. Soon after acquisition, however, CEO Robin Thurston refocused Outside Inc's business model, stating in April 2022 that "Outside's future
116-470: A "comprehensive plan" to dictate future zoning, transportation, and urban planning decisions. Hoping to preserve residents' views of the mountains, in 1972, the city enacted an ordinance limiting the height of newly constructed buildings. In 1974, a Historic Preservation Code was passed. In 1976, a residential-growth management ordinance, the Danish Plan, was passed. The city of Boulder is located in
174-515: A "watering trough, bughouse, shebang, cantina, grogshop, and gin mill". The first saloon was established at Brown's Hole, Wyoming , in 1822, to serve fur trappers. By 1880, the growth of saloons was in full swing. In Leavenworth, Kansas , there were "about 150 saloons and four wholesale liquor houses". Some saloons in the Old West were little more than casinos , brothels , and opium dens . The word saloon originated as an alternative form of
232-472: A few naked runners were observed by locals. Several illegal attempts, resulting in arrests, have been made to restart the run, but no serious effort has been mounted. For several years on April 20, thousands of people gathered on the CU Boulder campus to celebrate 420 and smoke marijuana at and before 4:20 pm. The 2010 head count was officially between 8,000 and 15,000 with some discrepancy between
290-466: A group of friends and friends of friends in the early 90's riding bicycles around Boulder into the social cycling event it is today. Some enthusiasts gather wearing costumes and decorating their bikes; themes are an integral part of the cruiser tradition. Boulder Police began following the cruiser ride as it gained in popularity in the early 2000s. Issues with underage drinking, reckless bicycle riding, and other nuisance complaints led organizers to drop
348-439: A long-standing law that prevented Boulder from increasing new residential units by more than 1% in a year. In 1959, city voters approved the "Blue Line" city-charter amendment, which restricted city water service to altitudes below 5,750 feet (1,750 m), to protect the mountain backdrop from development. In 1967, city voters approved a dedicated sales tax to acquire open space to contain urban sprawl . In 1970, Boulder created
406-577: A national organization and quickly rose to become the most powerful prohibition lobby in America, pushing aside its older competitors the Woman's Christian Temperance Union and the Prohibition Party . The League lobbied at all levels of government for legislation to prohibit the manufacture or import of spirits, beer and wine. Ministers had launched several efforts to close Arizona saloons after
464-471: A one-quarter interest in the faro concession at the Oriental Saloon in exchange for his services as a manager and enforcer. Wyatt invited his friend, lawman and gambler Bat Masterson , to Tombstone to help him run the faro tables in the Oriental Saloon. In 1884, after leaving Tombstone, Wyatt and his wife Josie , Warren , James and Bessie Earp went to Eagle City, Idaho, another boom town. Wyatt
522-793: A professional lawman, gunfighter , and gambler, was later killed on August 2, 1876, by Jack McCall , who shot him in the back of the head, in Saloon No. 10, in Deadwood, South Dakota , as Wild Bill was playing cards. His hand—aces and eights, according to tradition—has become known as the " dead man's hand ". Former lawman, faro dealer, and gambler Wyatt Earp worked in or owned several saloons during his lifetime, outright or in partnership with others. He and two of his brothers arrived in Tombstone, Arizona, on December 1, 1879, and during January 1881, Oriental Saloon owner Lou Rickabaugh gave Wyatt Earp
580-530: A single wood-burning stove might warm such establishments during the winter months. A pair of "batwing" doors at the entrance was one of the more distinctive features of the typical saloon. The doors operated on double action hinges and extended from chest to knee level. Further in the American West, some sold liquor from wagons, and saloons were often formed of materials at hand, including "sod houses. ...a hull of an old sailing ship" or interiors "dug into
638-424: A wide basin beneath Flagstaff Mountain just a few miles east of the continental divide and about 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Denver. Arapahoe Glacier provides water for the city, along with Boulder Creek, which flows through the center of the city. Denver International Airport is located 45 miles (72 km) southeast of Boulder. In 1899, government preservation of open space around Boulder began, with
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#1732794133996696-491: Is an annual one-week conference featuring dozens of discussion panels on contemporary issues. The internationally syndicated radio program eTown has its headquarters at eTown Hall , at the intersection of 16th and Spruce Streets, in downtown Boulder. Most tapings of this weekly show are done at eTown Hall. Beginning in 1983, hundreds of people head to the Boulder Reservoir on New Year's Day to take part in
754-556: Is home to multiple dance companies and establishments. Boulder Ballet was founded by former American Ballet Theatre dancer Larry Boyette in the 1970s as part of the Ballet Arts Studios. Lemon Sponge Cake Contemporary Ballet was founded in 2004 by Robert Sher-Machherndl, former principal dancer of the Dutch National Ballet and Bavarian State Ballet . The Conference on World Affairs , started in 1948,
812-507: Is in NFTs." The NFT marketplace crashed within six months. In a letter to staff on November 15, announcing layoffs, Thurston stated that "The fundamentals of our business are sound," but "economic headwinds that every media and technology business is facing have only intensified." On June 1, 2023, VeloNews.com quietly closed as the URL stopped directing to the dedicated VeloNews homepage. The magazine
870-559: Is surrounded by thousands of acres of recreational open space, conservation easements, and nature preserves. Almost 60%, 35,584 acres (144.00 km ), of open space totaling 61,529 acres (249.00 km ) is open to the public. Western saloon A Western saloon is a kind of bar particular to the Old West . Saloons served customers such as fur trappers , cowboys , soldiers , lumberjacks , businessmen, lawmen , outlaws , miners , and gamblers . A saloon might also be known as
928-581: Is the Long Branch Variety Show that is presented in the recreated Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City , Kansas. When a town was first founded, the initial saloons were often nothing more than tents or shacks that served homemade whiskey that included such ingredients as "raw alcohol, burnt sugar and chewing tobacco ". As towns grew, saloons were often elaborately decorated, featured Bohemian stemware, and oil paintings were hung from
986-575: Is usually shallow. Due to the high elevation, a strong warming sun can quickly melt snow cover during the day and Chinook winds bring rapid warm-ups throughout the winter months. Summers are warm, with frequent afternoon thunderstorms. There are roughly 30 days of 90 °F (32 °C) or above each year. Diurnal temperature variation is typically large due to the high elevation and semi-arid climate. Daytime highs are generally cooler than those of most Colorado cities with similar elevations. The highest recorded temperature of 104 °F (40 °C)
1044-866: The Birdcage Theater in Tombstone, Arizona ; the Bucket of Blood Saloon in Virginia City, Nevada ; and the Jersey Lilly in Langtry, Texas . Many of these establishments remained open twenty-four hours a day, six days a week except Sundays and Christmas. In the American West, occasional incidents were connected to saloons. Phil Coe , the owner of the Bull's Head tavern in Abilene, Kansas, outraged
1102-738: The Congress of the United States approving the allocation of 1,800 acres (7.3 km ) of mountain backdrop/watershed extending from South Boulder Creek to Sunshine Canyon. Boulder has created an Urban Wildlife Management Plan which sets policies for managing and protecting urban wildlife. The city's Parks and Recreation and Open Space and Mountain Parks departments have volunteers who monitor parks, including wetlands, lakes, etc., to protect ecosystems. From time to time, parks and hiking trails are closed to conserve or restore ecosystems. Traditionally, Boulder has avoided using chemical pesticides to control
1160-533: The 1906 creation of League chapters in Yuma , Tucson , and Phoenix. League members pressured local police to take licenses from establishments that violated closing hours or served women and minors, and they provided witnesses to testify about these violations. Its triumph was nationwide prohibition locked into the Constitution with passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920. It was decisively defeated when prohibition
1218-744: The Boulder metropolitan statistical area , which had 330,758 residents in 2020, and is part of the Front Range Urban Corridor . Boulder is located at the base of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains , at an elevation of 5,430 feet (1,655 m) above sea level. The city is 25 miles (40 km) northwest of the Colorado state capital of Denver . Boulder is a college town , hosting the University of Colorado Boulder ,
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#17327941339961276-573: The Boulder Bach Festival is an annual festival celebrating the life, legacy, and music of J.S. Bach . The festival is led by Executive Director Zachary Carrettin and Artistic Director Mina Gajic. Founded in 1988, Colorado MahlerFest celebrates the legacy of composer Gustav Mahler through an annual festival. Under Artistic Director Kenneth Woods , The Colorado MahlerFest Orchestra draws together young professionals, conservatory and university students, and advanced amateurs. Boulder
1334-533: The Boulder Valley, where the Rocky Mountains meet the Great Plains . The Flatirons , slabs of sedimentary stone tilted up on the foothills, are located west of the city and are a widely recognized symbol of Boulder. Boulder Creek is the primary flow of water through Boulder. The creek was named before the city's founding for all of the large granite boulders that have cascaded into the creek over
1392-775: The Colorado Gold Rush. Arapaho leader Niwot allowed them to stay for the winter, but the settlers abused this peaceful approach, and some later took part in the Sand Creek massacre of Arapaho. In early 1859, gold was discovered along Boulder Creek, drawing more miners and merchants to the area. The Boulder City Town Company was formed in February 1859 to establish a settlement at the canyon mouth. By 1860, it had 70 cabins, occupied mainly by Anglo families. Non-whites like Chinese miners and black residents were part of early Boulder but rarely pictured. In 1861, Boulder County
1450-531: The French word salon ; it first appeared in 17th century France and was derived from the Italian salone (for a large reception hall of Italian mansions). A European salon became associated with a 'large hall in a public place for entertainment, etc.'" In the United States, the word had evolved into "saloon" with its present meaning by 1841. Saloons in the U.S. began to have a close association with breweries in
1508-603: The Front Range trough where Boulder now lies. By the 1500s, the area was occupied by Ute tribes, joined by Arapaho tribes in the early 1800s. The Indigenous Nations who have ties to the Boulder Valley include the Apache , Arapaho , Cheyenne , Comanche , Kiowa , Pawnee , Shoshone , Sioux , and Ute peoples. In the 1800s, Euro-American settlers colonized the area. Modern Boulder was founded in late 1858 when prospectors led by Thomas Aikins arrived at Boulder Canyon during
1566-538: The Norlin Quad, and having out-of-town law enforcement agencies help secure the campus. In 2013, April 20 fell on a Saturday. The university continued the 420 party ban and closed the campus to visitors. In 2015 the government conceded and once again opened the park to visitors on April 20. The Happy Thursday Cruiser Ride is a weekly bicycle ride in Boulder Colorado. The Boulder Cruiser Ride grew from
1624-583: The annual polar bear plunge . With rescue teams standing by, participants use a variety of techniques to plunge themselves into the freezing reservoir. Once the plunge is complete, swimmers retreat to hot tubs on the reservoir beach to revive themselves from the cold. Starting in 1998, dozens of people have taken part in a Halloween run down the city's streets wearing only shoes and a hollowed-out pumpkin on their heads. In 2009, local police threatened participants with charges of indecent exposure , and no naked runners were reported in official newscasts, although
1682-898: The beer in kegs stored on racks inside the saloon. Some saloons made their own beer. Sometimes the beer was also kept in chairs, as seen in the motion picture Fort Apache (1948). Among the more familiar saloons were First Chance Saloon in Miles City, Montana ; the Bull's Head in Abilene, Kansas ; the Arcade Saloon in Eldora, Colorado ; the Holy Moses in Creede, Colorado ; the Long Branch Saloon in Dodge City, Kansas;
1740-399: The city. The population density was 3,942.7 inhabitants per square mile (1,522.3/km ). There were 43,479 housing units at an average density of 1,760.3 units per square mile (679.7 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 88.0% White, 0.9% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 4.7% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 3.2% some other race, and 2.6% from two or more races. 8.7% of
1798-579: The cruiser ride as a public event. Returning to an underground format, where enthusiasts must become part of the social network before gaining access to event sites, the Boulder Cruiser Ride has continued as a local tradition. On May 30, 2013, over 400 riders attended the Thursday-night Cruiser Ride in honor of "Big Boy", an elk that was shot and killed on New Year's Day by an on-duty Boulder Police officer. Boulder
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1856-596: The early 1880s. With a growing overcapacity, breweries began to adopt the British "tied-house" system of control where they owned saloons outright. Schlitz Brewing Company and a few others built elaborate saloons to attract customers and advertise their beers. Politicians also frequented local saloons because of the adaptable social nature of their business. Beginning in 1893, the Anti-Saloon League began protesting against American saloons. In 1895 it became
1914-590: The ecological processes that sustain them and to reduce the wildfire risk to forest and human communities. Boulder has a temperate climate typical for much of the state and receives many sunny or mostly sunny days each year. Boulder is considered semi-arid (Köppen: BSk ) or humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa ) within the Köppen climate classification due to its relatively high yearly precipitation and average temperatures remaining above 32 °F (0 °C) year-round. Winter conditions range from generally mild to
1972-718: The eons. It is from Boulder Creek that the city is believed to have taken its name. Boulder Creek has significant water flow, derived primarily from snow melt and minor springs west of the city. The creek flows into St. Vrain Creek east of Longmont , which is a tributary of the South Platte River . At the 2020 United States Census , the city had a total area of 17,514 acres (70.877 km ), including 664 acres (2.689 km ) of water. The 40th parallel , 40 degrees north latitude, runs through Boulder and can be easily recognized as Baseline Road today. Boulder lies in
2030-410: The estimated median household income in Boulder was $ 57,112, and the median family income was $ 113,681. Male full-time workers had a median income of $ 71,993 versus $ 47,574 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 37,600. 24.8% of the population and 7.6% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 17.4% of those under 18 and 6.0% of those 65 and older were living below
2088-941: The fall of 1897, Earp and Josie joined in the Alaska Gold Rush and headed for Nome, Alaska. He operated a canteen during the summer of 1899 and in September, Earp and partner Charles Ellsworth Hoxie built the Dexter Saloon in Nome, Alaska , the city's first two-story wooden building and its largest and most luxurious saloon. The building was used for a variety of purposes because it was so large: 70 by 30 feet (21.3 m × 9.1 m) with 12 feet (3.7 m) ceilings. Wyatt and Josie returned to California in 1901 with an estimated $ 80,000. In February 1902, they arrived in Tonopah, Nevada , where gold had been discovered and
2146-525: The first cornerstone was laid for the first building (Old Main) on the CU campus. The university officially opened on September 5, 1877. In 1907, Boulder adopted an anti- saloon ordinance. In 1916, statewide prohibition started in Colorado, and ended with the repeal of national prohibition in 1933. Median home prices rose 60% from 2010 to 2015 to $ 648,200. In 2024, the City Council of Boulder repealed
2204-515: The flagship and largest campus of the University of Colorado system as well as numerous research institutes . Archaeological evidence shows that Boulder Valley has been continuously inhabited by Native American tribes for over 13,000 years, beginning in the late Pleistocene era. Throughout the Paleo-Indian, Archaic, and Late Prehistoric periods, Indigenous peoples moved seasonally between the mountains and plains, taking shelter in winter along
2262-539: The insect population. However, with the threat of West Nile virus , the city began an integrative plan to control the mosquito population in 2003 that includes chemical pesticides. Residents can opt out of the program by contacting the city and asking that their areas not be sprayed. Under Boulder law, exterminating prairie dogs requires a permit. In 2005, the city experimented with using goats for weed control in environmentally sensitive areas. Goats naturally consume diffuse knapweed and Canada thistle , and although
2320-690: The largest race in the US in which all participants are timed and the fifth largest road race in the world. Founded in 1958, the Boulder Philharmonic Orchestra is a professional orchestra under the leadership of its Music Director Michael Butterman. Founded in 1976 by Giora Bernstein , the Colorado Music Festival presents a summer series of concerts in Chautauqua Auditorium . Founded in 1981,
2378-426: The local papers and the university administrators, who have been thought to have been attempting to downplay the event. Eleven citations were given out whereas the year before there were only two. 2011 was the last year of mass 420 partying at CU as the university, in 2012, took a hard stance against 420 activities, closing the campus to visitors for the day, using smelly fish fertilizer to discourage gathering at
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2436-488: The occasional bitterly cold. Highs average in the mid to upper 40s °F (7–9 °C). There are 4.6 nights annually where the temperature drops to 0 °F (−18 °C). Because of orographic lift , the mountains to the west often dry out the air passing over the Front Range , shielding the city from precipitation in winter, though heavy snowfalls may occur. Snowfall averages 88 inches (220 cm) per season. Snow depth
2494-828: The operation of beer gardens in outlying neighborhoods. Other ethnic groups added their own features and their unique cuisines on the sideboard, while a few groups, including Scandinavians , Jews , Greeks , and Italians , either preferred intimate social clubs or did little drinking in public . By way of entertainment saloons offered dancing girls, some (or most) of whom occasionally or routinely doubled as prostitutes. Many saloons offered games of chance like Faro , poker , brag , three-card monte , and dice games. Other games were added as saloons continued to prosper and face increasing competition. These additional games included billiards , darts , and bowling . Some saloons even included piano players, can-can girls, and theatrical skits. A current example of this type of entertainment
2552-518: The other two near Sixth and E, all in the "respectable" part of town. They offered twenty-one games including faro, blackjack , poker, keno , and other Victorian games of chance like pedro and monte. At the height of the boom, he made up to $ 1,000 a night in profit. Wyatt particularly favored and may have run the Oyster Bar located in the Louis Bank of Commerce on Fifth Avenue. In
2610-409: The population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 41,302 households, of which 19.1% had children under 18 living with them, 32.2% were headed by married couples living together, 5.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 59.6% were non-families. 35.8% of all households comprised individuals, and 7.1% were someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size
2668-465: The poverty line. In 2010, the Boulder MSA had a gross metropolitan product of $ 18.3 billion, the 110th largest metropolitan economy in the United States. In 2007, Boulder became the first city in the United States to levy a carbon tax . In 2013, Boulder appeared on Forbes magazine's list of Best Places for Business and Careers. In the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,
2726-555: The program was not as effective as it was hoped, goats will still be considered in future weed control projects. In 2010, goats were used to keep weeds under control at the Boulder Reservoir. The city's Open Space and Mountain Parks department manages approximately 8,000 acres (32 km ) of protected forest land west of the city, in accordance with a 1999 Forest Ecosystem Management Plan. The plan aims to maintain or enhance native plant and animal species, their communities,
2784-591: The purchase of at least one drink. These free lunches were typically worth far more than the price of a single drink. The saloon-keeper relied on the expectation that most customers would buy more than one drink, and that the practice would build patronage for other times of day. A saloon's appearance varied from when and where it grew. As towns grew, the saloons became more refined. The bartender prided himself on his appearance and his drink pouring abilities. Early saloons and those in remote locations were often crude affairs with minimal furniture and few decorations. Often
2842-725: The side of a hill". As the size of towns grew, many hotels included saloons, and some stand-alone saloons, such as the Barlow Trail Saloon in Damascus, Oregon , featured a railed porch. Saloons' appearance varied by ethnic group. The Irish preferred stand-up bars where whiskey was the drink of choice and women could obtain service only through the back door. German saloons were more brightly illuminated, more likely to serve restaurant food and beer at tables, and more oriented toward family patronage. Germans were often at odds with Temperance forces over Sunday operation and over
2900-545: The top employers are: Boulder has hosted a 10 km road run , the Bolder Boulder , on Memorial Day every year since 1979. The race involves over 50,000 runners, joggers, walkers, and wheelchair racers, making it one of the largest road races in the world. It has the largest non- marathon prize purse in road racing. The race culminates at Folsom Field with a Memorial Day Tribute. The 2007 race featured over 54,000 runners, walkers, and wheelchair racers, making it
2958-405: The townspeople by painting a bull, complete with an erect penis (pizzle), on the outside wall of his tavern. The marshal at the time, Wild Bill Hickok , threatened to burn the saloon to the ground if the offending animal was not painted over. Instead, he hired some men to do the job, which angered Coe. The two became enemies and in a later altercation, Wild Bill Hickok killed Coe. Wild Bill, also
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#17327941339963016-549: The wall. The hard liquor was improved, often featuring whiskey imported from the Eastern United States and Europe. To avoid rotgut, patrons would request "fancy" mixed drinks. Some of the top ten drinks in 1881 included claret sangarees and champagne flips. Beer was often served at room temperature since refrigeration was mostly unavailable. Adolphus Busch introduced refrigeration and pasteurization of beer in 1880 with his Budweiser brand. Some saloons kept
3074-523: Was 2.16, and the average family size was 2.84. Boulder's population is younger than the national average, largely due to the presence of university students. The median age at the 2010 census was 28.7 years compared to the U.S. median of 37.2 years. In Boulder, 13.9% of the residents were younger than 18, 29.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% were 65 or older. For every 100 females, there were 105.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and older, there were 106.2 males. In 2011,
3132-729: Was created, and the Arapaho were forced to relocate per the Treaty of Fort Wise. With declining numbers, Niwot's band soon moved to the Cheyenne-Arapaho Reservation. By 1862, the creek had yielded $ 100,000 in gold, and Boulder's population exceeded 300. On November 7, 1861, the Colorado General Assembly passed legislation to locate the University of Colorado in Boulder. On September 20, 1875,
3190-452: Was first published as Northeast Cycling News in March 1972 by Barbara and Robert George. Boulder, Colorado Boulder is a home rule city in and the county seat of Boulder County, Colorado , United States. With a population of 108,250 at the 2020 census , it is the most populous city in the county and the 12th-most populous city in Colorado. Boulder is the principal city of
3248-644: Was looking for gold in the Murray-Eagle mining district. They opened a saloon called The White Elephant in a circus tent. An advertisement in a local newspaper suggested gentlemen " come and see the elephant ". In 1885, Earp and Josie moved to San Diego where the railroad was about to arrive and a real estate boom was underway. They stayed for about four years. Earp speculated in San Diego's booming real estate market. Between 1887 and around 1896 he bought three saloons and gambling halls, one on Fourth Street and
3306-439: Was on June 25, 2012. The record low was −33 °F (−36 °C) on January 17, 1930. The coldest high temperature, −12 °F (−24 °C), was on February 4, 1989. The warmest overnight low was on July 20, 1998, with a temperature of 82 °F (28 °C) Boulder is the principal city of the Boulder, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area . In the 2010 census, there were 97,385 people, 41,302 households, and 16,694 families in
3364-419: Was repealed in 1933. The free lunch was a sales enticement which offered a meal at no cost in order to attract customers and increase revenues from other offerings. It was a tradition once common in saloons in many places in the United States, with the phrase appearing in U.S. literature from about 1870 to the 1920s. These establishments included a "free" lunch, varying from rudimentary to quite elaborate, with
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