23-537: The venu (Sanskrit: वेणु ; vēṇu /मुरळि; muraļi ) is one of the ancient transverse flutes of Indian classical music . It is an aerophone typically made from bamboo, that is a side blown wind instrument. It continues to be in use in the South Indian Carnatic music tradition. It is referred to as nadi and tunava in the Rigveda and other Vedic texts of Hinduism . In northern Indian music,
46-461: A note to the original pitch. While blowing the air, the artist can choose either continuous blowing or non-continuous blowing or even use the tough/lips to vibrate the air to play the music. The artist can use the finger to close the hole half or quarter or three quarter to make different sounds, even though the sound does not falls in the standard keyboard but it is up to the imagination of the music artist to make those sounds. This technique allows
69-628: A similar flute is called bansuri . In the south, it is also called by various other names such as pullanguḻal (புல்லாங்குழல்) in Tamil (Tamil Nadu), oodakuḻal (ഓടകുഴൽ) or kurungu kuḻal (കുറുന് കുഴൽ) in Malayalam (Kerala) and ಕೊಳಲು (koḷalu) or ಮುರಳಿ (muraļi) in Kannada (Karnataka) . It is known as pillana grōvi (పిల్లన గ్రోవి) or vēṇuvu (వేణువు) in Telugu (Andhra Pradesh & Telangana). It
92-527: A type of ornamentation , is a swift, short and taan-like movement that is heavily used in thumri . Taans are clustered in different types: Bol Taan : Taan can be sung by utilizing the words of the bandish. This is a difficult type of a taan as in this correct pronunciation, meaning of the composition, everything has to be taken into consideration. Shuddha/Sapat (Straight) Taan : The notes are placed in an order in one or more octaves. Koot Taan : The notes do not remain in order. Therefore,
115-460: Is a part of the iconography of Hindu god shree Krishna . One of the oldest musical instruments of India , the instrument is a key-less transverse flute made of bamboo . The fingers of both hands are used to close and open the holes. It has a blowing hole near one end, and eight closely placed finger holes. The instrument comes in various sizes. The venu is also a highly respected instrument and those who play it are expected to appreciate it, for it
138-579: Is a technique used in the vocal performance of a raga in Hindustani classical music . It involves the improvisation of very rapid melodic passages using vowels, often the long "a" as in the word "far", and it targets at improvising and to expand weaving together the notes in a fast tempo. It is similar to the technique ahaat , used in Arabic music, or like an arpeggio in Western music. The murki ,
161-616: Is also called as Carnatic Flute. The venu is discussed as an important musical instrument in the Natya Shastra , the classic Hindu text on music and performance arts. The ancient Sanskrit texts of India describe other side blown flutes such as the murali and vamsika , but sometimes these terms are used interchangeably. A venu has six holes, is about the thickness of a thumb, and twelve fingers long. A longer murali has four holes and two hands longs. The vamsika has eight holes, between twelve and seventeen fingers long. A venu
184-461: Is an essential aspect which is to be practiced appropriately under the Guidance of a Flute Teacher. The blowing intensity needs to be changed carefully without distorting the sound. Extreme strong blows allow the artist to even play few extra notes beyond the range the flute (some times leads to whistle sound). Angling the flute against the blowing hole, allows the artist to modify and fine tune
207-578: Is considered a gift to be able to play it. The venu is capable of producing two and half octaves with the help of over-blowing and cross fingering . The flute is like the human voice in that it is monophonic and also has a typical two and half octave sound reproduction. Sliding the fingers on and off the holes allows for production of variety of gamakas , important in the performance of raga -based music. The flute ( venu ) finds great mention in Indian mythology and folklore having been listed as among
230-637: Is lighter in color and produces a light airy tone (it is called jawaari ). This bamboo grows in Assam (Silchar). There are also other varieties that are used, including bamboos that grow in the region of Sirsi, North Karnataka, Bihar. Venu is constructed with eight playing holes and one blowing hole. Of these eight playing holes, seven are actually used for playing and the last finger hole is used in tuning. The bansuri has six playing holes and one blowing hole. There have been certain artists that have experimented with an additional pancham hole (thumb hole to achieve
253-474: Is usually marked on the blowing end. It is denoted either in numbers on a Venu from 1 to 7 with or without (1/2, indicating one semitone higher) or as per the standard Pitch letters on a Bansuri from A to G with or without (#-Sharps/b-Flats). The size varies up to 12 sizes in length, each providing different pitches. The diameter of the flute also varies based on the pitch. With Lower octaves the diameter and length of flute increase, whereas in case of Higher octaves,
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#1732776878147276-487: The gamak characteristic of Carnatic music . This technique allows the artist to play like a Song of male from the bird Asian koel . This can be related to hard pressing the Veena string to get the bending/pitching note or using a Pitch Wheel in an Electronic/MIDI keyboard. Transverse flute A transverse flute or side-blown flute is a flute which is held horizontally when played. The player blows across
299-636: The bansuri (North Indian bamboo flute) and the venu (South Indian bamboo flute). The main differences between these two are the raw material, construction and style of playing. Raw material preferred for making the South Indian venu is usually thicker and denser and grows in Kerala or southern Tamil Nadu. It is darker and produces clear and rich mellow tone. The material used in Bansuri is mostly thin walled bamboo (but longer in length and diameter). It
322-676: The embouchure hole, in a direction perpendicular to the flute's body length. Transverse flutes include the Western concert flute , the Irish flute , the Indian classical flutes (the bansuri and the venu ), the Chinese dizi , the Western fife , a number of Japanese fue , and Korean flutes such as daegeum , junggeum and sogeum . This article relating to flutes is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Taan (music) Taan ( Hindi : तान , Urdu : تان )
345-419: The "gayaki style" or "the style of imitating the human voice". Hence the usage of gamakas and andolans require a nimble hold and a way to bend the notes smoothly on a Venu. Bansuri is more suited to Hindustani style of music due to its importance on long sustained notes and fast taans . These two instruments serve different styles of music and hence the difference in playing and construction. The flute pitch
368-599: The addition of the 7th hole, usage of thicker walled bamboos, the technique of lifting the head to change the angle of embouchure when shifting between "ga" and "ma" notes. These innovations enabled artists to perform the Carnatic ragas with all the necessary gamakas and ornamentations without losing the "Bhaava" of the raga. Often beginners in India find themselves in a dilemma on what kind of flute to begin playing on as India has two distinct kinds of transverse flutes. They are
391-436: The artist to play almost 30+ notes in one flute. As a standard the black keys in a keyboard can be sounded in a flute with half finger closed on the corresponding hole. Slow opening and slow closing the hole allows the music curves/pitching to move between one note to another note while continuously blowing, even two/three fingers can be slow closed and slow opened while continuously blowing. This sound curving technique produces
414-469: The diameter and length of the flute is smaller. There are many custom sized flutes available. Some flutes even go beyond 1 meter length. There is no limit in the imagination of these kind of flute constructions. Few examples are Double contrabass flute , Contrabass flute and Anahat Venu, which can go up to 12 feet. Even a PVC pipe can be used to construct a flute in a very simple way, simply using common scissors. In order to get an initial sound out of
437-620: The flute, one can blow air into the embouchure hole. This technique is common for all transverse flutes such as the Western flute, the Bansuri, the Chinese Dizi flute etc. Playing includes a Musical Scale or Sargam , which usually has 7 notes Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni; in Hindustani Classical Music . In Carnatic Music, the swaras are denoted as per the Melakarta System. The Transition from Ga to Pa
460-402: The nature of Koot Taans is complicated. Mishra Taan : Combination of sapat and koot taans. Gamak Taan : Gamak is a technique by which a force is added to notes and each note is repeated at least twice. Many other types of taan exist, e.g. Ladant taan, Zatkaa taan, Gitkari taan, Jabde ki taan, Sarok Taan, Halak Taan or Palat taan. This article about the music of India
483-427: The note Pa) and Teevra ma hole at the end. However, standard bansuri usually only have six holes. These differences are mainly to accommodate the different styles of music that are played on it. The Sa on the venu is achieved by closing the top two finger holes. On a bansuri the top three finger holes are closed to achieve this note. The way the notes are played is also slightly different. Carnatic music emphasizes
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#1732776878147506-662: The three original instruments meant for music along with the human voice and the veena (vaani-veena-venu). The venu is associated with the Hindu god Krishna , who is often depicted playing it. This kind of flute is mainly used in South India. Vishnu is portrayed as Venugopala , playing the flute of creation. The venu had not been a part of the Carnatic classical music until the pioneering innovations of Shri Sharaba Shastri and later revisions and updates on his design by Shri T.R. Mahalingam (fondly called Flute Mali). Due to
529-420: The underlying physics of sound production, flutes have a natural "cut" or a discontinuity when going from the lowest note to the highest note. This discontinuity appears between the notes "ga" and "ma" on a Carnatic flute and between "Ma" and "Pa" for a Hindustani flute (mainly because of the fingering technique differences). In order to adapt the flute to Carnatic Music, certain modifications were necessary such as
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