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23-734: Along with the Nantuates , Seduni and Uberi , they were part of the Vallenses, a group of tribes living between Lake Geneva and the Pennine Alps, in the modern Canton of Valais ( Switzerland ). They are mentioned as Veragros by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), uer agri by Livy (late 1st c. BC), Ou̓áragroi (Οὐάραγροι) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), Varagri by Pliny (1st c. AD), Ouarágrous (Οὐαράγρους) by Cassius Dio (3rd c. AD), and as Veragros ( var. beragros , ueragres ) by Orosius (early 5th c. AD). The ethnonym Veragrī

46-668: A quarry and its stones were used, among other things, to build the nearby church of Saint-Michel. The monument was partially restored in 1929 with funds from American philanthropist Edward Tuck . The Tropaeum is located on the Via Julia Augusta , a Roman road named after Augustus which was built as an extension of the Via Aurelia , and which linked the settlements of Album Intimilium (modern Ventimiglia ) and Cemenelum (present-day Cimiez in Nice ). Various fountains within

69-460: Is a Latinized form of Gaulish Ueragroi ( sing. Ueragros ). It has been translated as 'super-warriors'. It stems from the Celtic root * uer(o)- ('super'; cf. Old Irish for -, Old Welsh guar ; from PIE * uper -) attached to the noun agros ('battle, carnage'; cf. Old Irish ár , Old Breton air ; from PIE * h₂eǵro - 'hunt'). Christian-Joseph Guyonvarc'h has also proposed to interpret

92-818: Is named after the tribe. The Nantuates dwelled in the upper Rhône valley, between Lake Geneva and Saint-Maurice , near the Great St Bernard Pass trade route, where they organized trade between Lake Geneva and the Italian Peninsula. Their territory was located northeast of the Allobroges , north of the Veragri , east of the Seduni , and south of the Helvetii . After the Roman conquered

115-492: The Tabula Peutingeriana (5th c. AD). The ethnonym Nantuates is a latinized form of Gaulish Nantuatis , which literally means 'those of the valley', that is 'the people of the valley'. It derives from the stem nantu - ('valley, stream'; cf. Middle Welsh nant 'valley, water-course, stream', Old Cornish nans 'vallis') extended by the suffix - ates ('belonging to'). The modern town of Nantua

138-581: The Alpes Graiae et Poeninae by Claudius (41–54 AD), whose procurator occasionally had a residence in Octodurus , their chief town became the capital of the newly created civitas Vallensium , shared with the other Vallensian tribes. Their chief town was known as Octodurus (modern Martigny ), whence the Veragri were called Octodurenses by Pliny . Mentioned by Caesar in the mid-1st century BC,

161-509: The Seduni and Uberi , northeast of the Allobroges , and north of the Salassi , on the other side of the Alps. After the Roman conquered the region in 16–15 BC, their territory was initially administered in common with the province of Raetia et Vindelicia under a legatus , when they had their own civitas within the administrative region of Vallis Poenina . Following their integration into

184-581: The emperor Augustus 's decisive victory over the tribes who populated the Alps . The monument's ruins are in La Turbie ( France ), a few kilometers from the Principality of Monaco . The Trophy was built c.  7 BC in honor of Augustus to celebrate his definitive victory over the 45 tribes who populated the Alps . The Alpine populations were defeated during the military campaign to subdue

207-1480: The 14th time, in his 17th year of tribunician power , the Senate and people of Rome [built this], in commemoration that, under his leadership and auspices , all the Alpine peoples, from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea , were submitted to the Imperium of the Roman People. Conquered Alpine peoples: · TRUMPILINI · CAMUNNI · VENNONETES · VENOSTES · ISARCI · BREUNI · GENAUNES · FOCUNATES · VINDELICI : ·· COSUANETES ·· RUCINATES ·· LICATES ·· CATENATES · AMBISONTES · RUGUSCI · SUANETES · CALUCONES · BRIXENETES · LEPONTII · UBERI · NANTUATES · SEDUNI · VERAGRI · SALASSI · ACITAUONES · MEDULLI · UCENNI · CATURIGES · BRIGIANI · SOGIONTI · BRODIONTI · NEMALONI · EDENATES · VESUBIANI · VEAMINI · GALLITAE · TRIULLATI · ECDINI · VERGUNNI · EGUITURI · NEMATURI · ORATELLI · NERUSI · VELAUNI · SUETRI . The monument originally served no military purpose and contained no fortress. Rather, it marked

230-495: The Allobroges as far as the Alps; some he had gained by force and others through surrender, and he was even preparing to winter where he was. When, however, the majority of the soldiers had departed, some on furlough because they were not far from Italy, and others elsewhere for reasons of their own, the natives took advantage of this situation and unexpectedly attacked him. Then Galba, driven mad by despair, suddenly dashed out of

253-504: The Alps conducted by the Romans between 16 and 7 BC. The monument was built of stone from the Roman quarry located about 800 metres (2,600 ft) away, where traces of sections of carved columns are visible in the stone. The monument as partially restored is 35 metres (115 ft) high. When built, according to the architect, the base measured 35 metres (115 ft) in length, the first platform 12 metres (39 ft) in height, and

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276-576: The Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium . Tropaeum Alpium 43°44′41.20″N 7°24′06.49″E  /  43.7447778°N 7.4018028°E  / 43.7447778; 7.4018028 The Tropaeum Alpium (English: Trophy of the Alps ; French : Trophée des Alpes ) is a Roman trophy ( tropaeum ) celebrating

299-669: The boundary between Italy and Gallia Narbonensis , later moved to the Var River . Between the 12th and 15th centuries, however, the Trophy did become a fortress, with locals building houses around its walls. In 1705, when war broke out between Savoy and France during the War of the Spanish Succession , Louis XIV ordered the destruction of all fortresses in the region, including this one. The partially destroyed Trophy then became

322-530: The name as 'great hunters'. The river-name Veraglasca , located in their settlement area, derives from the ethnic name Veragri extended by a sko -suffix. The Veragri dwelled in the Pennine Alps , near a trade route connecting ancient Valais to the Italian Peninsula , where they organized traffic over the Great St Bernard Pass . Their territory was located south of the Nantuates , west of

345-460: The other Vallensian tribes. Their pre-Roman chief town, known as Tarnaiae (modern Massongex ), was occupied since at least 50 BC. Named after the Celtic god Taranis , it probably hosted a sanctuary dedicated to the deity, later identified with Jupiter in Roman times through interpretatio romana . The city flourished in the 1st and 2nd centuries AD, with thermal baths, warehouses, and numerous workshops and shops. They are mentioned by Pliny

368-598: The province of Alpes Graiae et Poeninae . During the Late Roman Empire, the name Octodurus, which had never ceased to be used by locals, came to designate the Roman settlement in official documents. Still prosperous by the late 4th century thanks to its strategic position near the Great St Bernard Pass, the settlement eventually declined from the early 5th century onwards, probably due to economic decline and insecurity. Between 549 and 585, Octodurus

391-420: The region in 16–15 BC, their territory was initially administered in common with the province of Raetia et Vindelicia under a legatus , when they had their own civitas within the administrative region of Vallis Poenina . Their political role declined following their integration into the Alpes Graiae et Poeninae by Claudius (41–54 AD), with the creation of a single civitas ( civitas Vallensium ) shared with

414-466: The rotunda of 24 columns with its statue of an enthroned Augustus is 49 metres (161 ft) high. One of the stones of the tower contained the names of the tribes. The inscription was only preserved in fragments, but could be reconstructed thanks to the transcription of Pliny the Elder , albeit with minor corrections. It reads: To the emperor Caesar Augustus , son of the deified [Julius Caesar] , Pontifex Maximus , hailed as Imperator for

437-470: The settlement was at that time a vicus (village) located in the plain of Martigny, at the foot of the Great St Bernard Pass . Between 41 and 47 AD, the Romans founded a new settlement in the vicinity of Octodurus. Initially called Forum Claudii Augusti and soon renamed Forum Claudii Vallensium , it became the chief town of the civitas Vallensium and the Alpes Poeninae, one of the two divisions of

460-467: The territory of the communes of Beausoleil and Roquebrune-Cap-Martin are also said to be Roman. The Edward Tuck Museum on the site of the Trophy includes fragments, plaster molds, old photographs documenting the monument and its reconstruction. It was built in 1929 and renovated in 2011. It also includes a 1:20 scale model of the reconstructed Trophy. Another 1:20 scale model is found in Room IX of

483-713: The valley') were a Gallic tribe dwelling around present-day Massongex , in the modern Canton of Valais ( Switzerland ) and adjacent areas of France , during the Iron Age and the Roman period . Along with the Veragri , Seduni and Uberi , they were part of the Vallenses, a group of tribes living between Lake Geneva and the Pennine Alps . They are mentioned as Nantuates ( var. nantuatis , antuatis ), Nantuatibus and Nantuatium by Caesar (mid-1st c. BC), Nantuates by Pliny (1st c. AD), Nantoua͂tai (Ναντουᾶται) by Strabo (early 1st c. AD), and as Nantuani on

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506-432: The winter camp, astounding his besiegers by the incredible boldness of his move, and passing through them, gained the heights. On reaching safety he fought them off and later subjugated them. They are mentioned by Pliny the Elder as one of the Alpine tribes conquered by Rome in 16–15 BC, and whose name was engraved on the Tropaeum Alpium . Nantuates The Nantuates or Nantuatae ( Gaulish : Nantuatis , 'those of

529-470: Was eventually outshined by the nearby Sion , which replaced it as the host of the local episcopal see . In 57–56 BC, the Veragri were attacked by Caesar 's legate Sulpicius Galba at the Battle of Octodurus . During the same period Servius Galba, who was serving as his lieutenant, had, while the season lasted and his army remained a unit, brought to terms the Veragri, who dwelt along Lake Leman and beside

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