Misplaced Pages

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83-510: The main flag of Esperanto, featuring the Verda Stelo (' Green Star '), was adopted in 1905 for use as a symbol of mutual recognition among Esperantists , and is used by most Esperantists. As an alternative to the flag, the jubilea simbolo ('jubilee symbol') was proposed in 1987. Since the earliest days of Esperanto, the colour green has been used as a symbol of mutual recognition, and it appears prominently in all Esperanto symbols. In

166-427: A Nobel Peace Prize and author of a textbook on Esperanto Ebenezer Howard , known for his Garden Cities of To-morrow (1898), the description of a utopian city in which people live harmoniously together with nature. Pope John Paul II , gave several speeches using Esperanto during his career Franko Luin , Swedish type designer of Slovene nationality John E. B. Mayor , English classical scholar, gave

249-493: A Latin-alphabet "E" facing a Cyrillic-alphabet "Э", the first letter of "Эсперанто", the Russian name for Esperanto—on a white field). This symbol was created in 1987 by a Brazilian Esperantist to mark the centenary of the creation of Esperanto. The Esperanto flag is composed of a green background with a white square ( canton ) in the upper lefthand corner, which in turn contains a green star. The green field symbolizes hope ,

332-623: A certain number of pages crawled, amount of data indexed, or time spent on the website, the spider stops crawling and moves on. "[N]o web crawler may actually crawl the entire reachable web. Due to infinite websites, spider traps, spam, and other exigencies of the real web, crawlers instead apply a crawl policy to determine when the crawling of a site should be deemed sufficient. Some websites are crawled exhaustively, while others are crawled only partially". Indexing means associating words and other definable tokens found on web pages to their domain names and HTML -based fields. The associations are made in

415-1014: A concentration camp at age 16. His drawing of the Moon was carried aboard Space Shuttle Columbia . His diary appears in Czech, Spanish, Catalan and Esperanto, and was recently published in English. Don Harlow , American Esperantist writer and webmaster of the United States Esperanto web-site. Hector Hodler , Swiss journalist, translator, organizer, and philanthropist Hans Jakob , Swiss writer Kálmán Kalocsay , Hungarian surgeon, poet, translator, and editor Lena Karpunina , Tajik Esperantist short story writer Ikki Kita , Japanese fascist author, intellectual and political philosopher Georges Lagrange , French Esperanto writer, member of Academy of Esperanto Nikolai Vladimirovich Nekrasov , Esperantist writer and translator of

498-591: A crucial component of search engines through algorithms such as Hyper Search and PageRank . The first internet search engines predate the debut of the Web in December 1990: WHOIS user search dates back to 1982, and the Knowbot Information Service multi-network user search was first implemented in 1989. The first well documented search engine that searched content files, namely FTP files,

581-837: A disagreement with the government over censorship and a cyberattack. But Bing is in top three web search engine with a market share of 14.95%. Baidu is on top with 49.1% market share. Most countries' markets in the European Union are dominated by Google, except for the Czech Republic , where Seznam is a strong competitor. The search engine Qwant is based in Paris , France , where it attracts most of its 50 million monthly registered users from. Although search engines are programmed to rank websites based on some combination of their popularity and relevancy, empirical studies indicate various political, economic, and social biases in

664-591: A great expanse of information, all at a single desk. He called it a memex . He described the system in an article titled " As We May Think " that was published in The Atlantic Monthly . The memex was intended to give a user the capability to overcome the ever-increasing difficulty of locating information in ever-growing centralized indices of scientific work. Vannevar Bush envisioned libraries of research with connected annotations, which are similar to modern hyperlinks . Link analysis eventually became

747-751: A historic speech against Esperanto reformists at the World Congress of Esperanto held at Cambridge Frank Merrick , English composer Alexander Nedoshivin , Russian tax specialist, one of the founders of the Esperanto Society at Kaunas, Lithuania William Main Page , Secretary of Edinburgh Esperanto Society, editor and author László Polgár , Hungarian chess teacher Susan Polgar , Hungarian-American chess grandmaster, taught Esperanto by her father László George Soros , Hungarian-American billionaire and son of Esperantist parents. ("Soros",

830-482: A keyword search of most Gopher menu titles in the entire Gopher listings. Jughead (Jonzy's Universal Gopher Hierarchy Excavation And Display) was a tool for obtaining menu information from specific Gopher servers. While the name of the search engine " Archie Search Engine " was not a reference to the Archie comic book series, " Veronica " and " Jughead " are characters in the series, thus referencing their predecessor. In

913-498: A letter to The British Esperantist in 1911, L. L. Zamenhof , the creator of Esperanto, wrote: "It seems to me, that my attention was drawn to the color green by Mr. Richard H. Geoghegan and from that time I began to publish all of my works with green covers . . . Looking at one of my pamphlets that I had entirely by chance printed with a green cover, he pointed out that this was the color of his homeland, Ireland; at that time it came to me, that we could certainly look at that color as

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996-566: A minimalist interface to its search engine. In contrast, many of its competitors embedded a search engine in a web portal . In fact, the Google search engine became so popular that spoof engines emerged such as Mystery Seeker . By 2000, Yahoo! was providing search services based on Inktomi's search engine. Yahoo! acquired Inktomi in 2002, and Overture (which owned AlltheWeb and AltaVista) in 2003. Yahoo! switched to Google's search engine until 2004, when it launched its own search engine based on

1079-634: A name selected by his father to avoid persecution, means "will soar" in Esperanto.) Daniel Tammet , British autistic savant. He has stated Esperanto is one of the ten languages he speaks. Marcelle Tiard , French Esperantist who co-founded the Union of Esperantist Women. Antoon Jozef Witteryck , Belgian publisher and instructor Fredrick Brennan , founder of 8chan See also [ edit ] Esperanto culture Interhelpo Sources [ edit ] This page has been translated from

1162-406: A page can be useful to the website when the actual page has been lost, but this problem is also considered a mild form of linkrot . Typically when a user enters a query into a search engine it is a few keywords . The index already has the names of the sites containing the keywords, and these are instantly obtained from the index. The real processing load is in generating the web pages that are

1245-408: A public database, made available for web search queries. A query from a user can be a single word, multiple words or a sentence. The index helps find information relating to the query as quickly as possible. Some of the techniques for indexing, and caching are trade secrets, whereas web crawling is a straightforward process of visiting all sites on a systematic basis. Between visits by the spider ,

1328-475: A search engine to discover it, and to have a web site's record updated after a substantial redesign. Some search engine submission software not only submits websites to multiple search engines, but also adds links to websites from their own pages. This could appear helpful in increasing a website's ranking , because external links are one of the most important factors determining a website's ranking. However, John Mueller of Google has stated that this "can lead to

1411-464: A search function was added, allowing users to search Yahoo! Directory. It became one of the most popular ways for people to find web pages of interest, but its search function operated on its web directory, rather than its full-text copies of web pages. Soon after, a number of search engines appeared and vied for popularity. These included Magellan , Excite , Infoseek , Inktomi , Northern Light , and AltaVista . Information seekers could also browse

1494-473: A search provider, its engine is part of a distributed computing system that can encompass many data centers throughout the world. The speed and accuracy of an engine's response to a query is based on a complex system of indexing that is continuously updated by automated web crawlers . This can include data mining the files and databases stored on web servers , but some content is not accessible to crawlers. There have been many search engines since

1577-624: A searchable database of file names; however, Archie Search Engine did not index the contents of these sites since the amount of data was so limited it could be readily searched manually. The rise of Gopher (created in 1991 by Mark McCahill at the University of Minnesota ) led to two new search programs, Veronica and Jughead . Like Archie, they searched the file names and titles stored in Gopher index systems. Veronica (Very Easy Rodent-Oriented Net-wide Index to Computerized Archives) provided

1660-1941: A series on [REDACTED] Esperanto flag Esperanto Language Grammar Phonology Orthography ( Braille ) Vocabulary Etymology History Zamenhof Proto-Esperanto Unua Libro Dua Libro La Esperantisto Fundamento de Esperanto Declaration of Boulogne Montevideo Resolution Manifesto of Rauma Manifesto of Prague Modern evolution of Esperanto Culture Esperanto movement Esperantist Esperantujo Literature Music Film La Espero Libera Folio Literatura Mondo Native speakers Libraries Pop culture references Publications Symbols Profanity Zamenhof Day Organizations and services World Esperanto Congress Akademio de Esperanto Universal Esperanto Association World Esperanto Youth Organization International Youth Congress Esperanto Youth Week World Anational Association Encyclopedia Pasporta Servo Plouézec Meetings European Esperanto Union Europe–Democracy–Esperanto Panamerican Congress Skolta Esperanto Ligo By country Austria Bulgaria China‎ Czech Republic‎ Hungary Japan Korea Malaysia Poland Romania Slovakia Soviet Union Related topics Auxiliary language Constructed language Ido Homaranismo Linguistic discrimination Wikimedia Constructed languages portal Task force Outline Esperanto Misplaced Pages ( Vikipedio ) Vikivortaro Vikicitaro Vikifontaro Vikilibroj Vikikomunejo Vikispecoj Vikinovaĵoj Vikivojaĵo v t e [REDACTED] Esperanto speakers at

1743-537: A side of the white square to the radius of a circle enclosing the star should be 10 to 3.5. Most Esperantists continue to hold the verda stelo dear as a symbol of international or supranational solidarity (with the jubilea simbolo jokingly called la melono ('the melon') by some), though many also regard the preference of one symbol over another as a purely personal choice. At most Esperanto congresses, all three main symbols can be seen in use on displays or being worn as badges. Sometimes, Esperanto travelers will display

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1826-477: A symbol of HOPE. About the five-pointed star, it seems to me, that at first Mr. de Beaufront had it imprinted on his grammar [of Esperanto]. I liked that and I adopted it as a symbol. Afterward by association of ideas, the star appeared with a green color." The Verda Stelo was first proposed in an 1892 article in La Esperantisto for use as a symbol of mutual recognition among Esperantists . The flag

1909-402: A tremendous number of unnatural links for your site" with a negative impact on site ranking. In comparison to search engines, a social bookmarking system has several advantages over traditional automated resource location and classification software, such as search engine spiders . All tag-based classification of Internet resources (such as web sites) is done by human beings, who understand

1992-418: A utopian and Esperantist cooperative called Interhelpo . Writers [ edit ] Anna Löwenstein , British Esperantist, writer, teacher Nadija Hordijenko Andrianova , Ukrainian writer and translator Maria Angelova , Bulgarian poet Ba Jin , prolific Chinese novelist and chairman of Chinese Writer Association Henri Barbusse , French writer, and honorary president of the first congress of

2075-431: Is a software system that provides hyperlinks to web pages and other relevant information on the Web in response to a user's query . The user inputs a query within a web browser or a mobile app , and the search results are often a list of hyperlinks, accompanied by textual summaries and images. Users also have the option of limiting the search to a specific type of results, such as images, videos, or news. For

2158-482: Is a system that generates an " inverted index " by analyzing texts it locates. This first form relies much more heavily on the computer itself to do the bulk of the work. Most Web search engines are commercial ventures supported by advertising revenue and thus some of them allow advertisers to have their listings ranked higher in search results for a fee. Search engines that do not accept money for their search results make money by running search related ads alongside

2241-588: Is by far the world's most used search engine, with a market share of 90.6%, and the world's other most used search engines were Bing , Yahoo! , Baidu , Yandex , and DuckDuckGo . In 2024, Google's dominance was ruled an illegal monopoly in a case brought by the US Department of Justice. In Russia, Yandex has a market share of 62.6%, compared to Google's 28.3%. And Yandex is the second most used search engine on smartphones in Asia and Europe. In China, Baidu

2324-475: Is illegal. Biases can also be a result of social processes, as search engine algorithms are frequently designed to exclude non-normative viewpoints in favor of more "popular" results. Indexing algorithms of major search engines skew towards coverage of U.S.-based sites, rather than websites from non-U.S. countries. Google Bombing is one example of an attempt to manipulate search results for political, social or commercial reasons. Several scholars have studied

2407-536: Is little evidence for the filter bubble. On the contrary, a number of studies trying to verify the existence of filter bubbles have found only minor levels of personalisation in search, that most people encounter a range of views when browsing online, and that Google news tends to promote mainstream established news outlets. The global growth of the Internet and electronic media in the Arab and Muslim world during

2490-709: Is that search engines and social media platforms use algorithms to selectively guess what information a user would like to see, based on information about the user (such as location, past click behaviour and search history). As a result, websites tend to show only information that agrees with the user's past viewpoint. According to Eli Pariser users get less exposure to conflicting viewpoints and are isolated intellectually in their own informational bubble. Since this problem has been identified, competing search engines have emerged that seek to avoid this problem by not tracking or "bubbling" users, such as DuckDuckGo . However many scholars have questioned Pariser's view, finding that there

2573-538: Is the most popular search engine. South Korea's homegrown search portal, Naver , is used for 62.8% of online searches in the country. Yahoo! Japan and Yahoo! Taiwan are the most popular avenues for Internet searches in Japan and Taiwan, respectively. China is one of few countries where Google is not in the top three web search engines for market share. Google was previously a top search engine in China, but withdrew after

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2656-620: The Baidu search engine, which was founded by him in China and launched in 2000. In 1996, Netscape was looking to give a single search engine an exclusive deal as the featured search engine on Netscape's web browser. There was so much interest that instead, Netscape struck deals with five of the major search engines: for $ 5 million a year, each search engine would be in rotation on the Netscape search engine page. The five engines were Yahoo!, Magellan, Lycos, Infoseek, and Excite. Google adopted

2739-820: The Nobel Peace Prize Parley P. Christensen , Utah and California politician Willem Drees , Dutch politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1948–1958) Heinz Fischer , President of the Republic of Austria Małgorzata Handzlik , Polish member of the European Parliament Ho Chi Minh , President of North Vietnam Jean Jaurès , French politician. He proposed to the International Socialist Congress at Stuttgart in 1907

2822-793: The Quran and many other works into Esperanto William Auld , eminent Scottish Esperanto poet and nominee for the Nobel Prize in Literature Julio Baghy , poet, member of the Akademio de Esperanto and "Dad" ("Paĉjo") of the Esperanto movement Henri Barbusse , French writer, honorary president of the first congress of the Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda Kazimierz Bein , "Kabe", prominent Esperanto activist and writer who suddenly left

2905-594: The Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda Louis de Beaufront , Esperantist writer Gerrit Berveling , Dutch Esperantist poet, translator and editor of the Esperanto literary review, Fonto Marjorie Boulton , British writer and poet in English and Esperanto; researcher and writer Jorge Camacho , Spanish Esperantist writer Vasili Eroshenko , Russian writer, Esperantist, linguist, and teacher Petr Ginz , native Esperanto speaking boy who wrote an Esperanto-Czech dictionary but later died in

2988-1101: The United Nations Reinhard Selten , German economist and winner of the 1994 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics because of his work on game theory. He has authored two books in Esperanto on that subject. Leonardo Torres Quevedo , Spanish engineer, mathematician and inventor. Yrjö Väisälä , Finnish astronomer, discovered asteroids 1421 Esperanto and 1462 Zamenhof John C. Wells , British phonetician and Esperanto teacher Wladimir Köppen , Russian geographer of German descent Marcel Minnaert , Belgian astronomer who worked in Utrecht Seok Joo-myung , Korean ecologist who studied and identified native butterflies of Korea Claude Roux , French lichenologist and mycologist Others [ edit ] Baháʼí Faith adherents, many of whom have been involved with Esperanto (see Baháʼí Faith and auxiliary language ). Lidia Zamenhof

3071-411: The cached version of the page (some or all the content needed to render it) stored in the search engine working memory is quickly sent to an inquirer. If a visit is overdue, the search engine can just act as a web proxy instead. In this case, the page may differ from the search terms indexed. The cached page holds the appearance of the version whose words were previously indexed, so a cached version of

3154-547: The 2008 International Youth Congress An Esperantist ( Esperanto : esperantisto ) is a person who speaks, reads or writes Esperanto . According to the Declaration of Boulogne , a document agreed upon at the first World Esperanto Congress in 1905, an Esperantist is someone who speaks Esperanto and uses it for any purpose. List [ edit ] Important Esperantists [ edit ] Muztar Abbasi , Pakistani scholar, patron in chief of PakEsA, translated

3237-686: The Akademio de Esperanto Georges Lagrange , French Esperantist writer John Edgar McFadyen , Scottish theologist and linguist Frederic Pujulà i Vallès , pioneer of Esperanto in Spain Sándor Szathmári , leading figure of Esperanto literature Anna Tuschinski , prominent Esperantist in the Free City of Danzig ; "Mother of Esperanto" L. L. Zamenhof , Polish ophthalmologist , inventor of Esperanto Politicians [ edit ] Joseph Stalin , General Secretary of

3320-727: The Communist Party of the Soviet Union , was said to have studied Esperanto by Leon Trotsky , though he later killed many Esperantists Kazimierz Badowski , member of the Communist Party of Poland , promoted Esperanto as part of the Trotskyism movement Richard Bartholdt , U.S. Representative from Missouri Robert Cecil, 1st Viscount Cecil of Chelwood , one of the architects of the League of Nations , awarded

3403-676: The Esperanto League of Israel Bertalan Farkas , Hungarian cosmonaut Louis Lumière , French inventor of cinema, said: "The use of Esperanto could have one of the happiest consequences in its effects on international relations and the establishment of peace." Fran Novljan , contributed to the promotion of Esperanto in Yugoslavia . Wilhelm Ostwald , German Nobel laureate for his seminal work in chemical catalysis Mark Pallen , British microbiologist Claude Piron , Esperantist, psychologist, and linguist, translator for

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3486-450: The Esperanto movement without explanation Émile Boirac , French writer and first president of the Esperanto language committee (later the Akademio de Esperanto) Antoni Grabowski , Polish chemical engineer , the father of Esperanto poetry Lou Harrison , American composer of Esperanto music and translator of Sanskrit texts into Esperanto Julia Isbrücker , Dutch Esperantist Boris Kolker , Esperantist scholar and key member of

3569-1236: The Foxrook ; transcription on Tolkien i Esperanto ; the text begins with "PRIVATA KODO SKAŬTA" (Private Scout Code) ^ "Johano Paŭlo la 2a kaj Esperanto" . www.ikue.org . Retrieved 2024-01-26 . ^ Who Supports Esperanto? Archived 2008-02-04 at the Wayback Machine External links [ edit ] 100 eminentaj esperantistoj "100 eminent Esperantists" (eo) Authority control databases : National [REDACTED] Germany 2 Czech Republic 2 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Esperanto_speakers&oldid=1256756522 " Categories : Esperanto Esperantists Lists of people by language Hidden categories: Webarchive template wayback links Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Articles needing additional references from June 2023 All articles needing additional references Articles containing Esperanto-language text Web search engine A search engine

3652-405: The Internet without assistance. They can either submit one web page at a time, or they can submit the entire site using a sitemap , but it is normally only necessary to submit the home page of a web site as search engines are able to crawl a well designed website. There are two remaining reasons to submit a web site or web page to a search engine: to add an entirely new web site without waiting for

3735-506: The Jewish version of Google, and Christian search engine SeekFind.org. SeekFind filters sites that attack or degrade their faith. Web search engine submission is a process in which a webmaster submits a website directly to a search engine. While search engine submission is sometimes presented as a way to promote a website, it generally is not necessary because the major search engines use web crawlers that will eventually find most web sites on

3818-721: The Soviet Union Mauro Nervi , Italian poet in the Esperanto language Edmond Privat , Swiss author, journalist, university professor, and movement activist João Guimarães Rosa , Brazilian novelist, short story writer and diplomat Cezaro Rossetti , Scottish Esperantist writer Magda Šaturová , Slovak translator who authored multiple Esperanto-Slovak dictionaries. Lazër Shantoja , Albanian catholic saint, writer and translator René de Saussure , Swiss writer and activist Tivadar Soros , Hungarian Jewish doctor, lawyer, author and editor W. T. Stead , well-known philanthropist, journalist and pacifist who

3901-663: The abolition of Classical Chinese, and supported the substitution of Spoken Chinese with Esperanto Kenji Miyazawa , Japanese poet and author of children's literature . Author of Night on the Galactic Railroad (銀河鉄道の夜). Scientists [ edit ] Daniel Bovet , Italian pharmacologist and winner of the 1957 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, learned Esperanto as a first language Sidney S. Culbert , American linguist and psychologist Isaj Dratwer , Polish-Jewish bacteriologist and former president of

3984-633: The article fr:Espérantiste on the French Misplaced Pages , accessed on June 13, 2006. Information on William Thomas Stead from the Esperanto Vikipedio article. References [ edit ] ^ Esperanto en Perspektivo , pp. 475 and 646, 1974. ^ Smith, Arden R. (2006). "Esperanto" . In Drout, Michael D. C. (ed.). J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment . Routledge. p. 172. ISBN   978-0-415-96942-0 , and Book of

4067-504: The collections from Google and Bing (and others). While lack of investment and slow pace in technologies in the Muslim world has hindered progress and thwarted success of an Islamic search engine, targeting as the main consumers Islamic adherents, projects like Muxlim (a Muslim lifestyle site) received millions of dollars from investors like Rite Internet Ventures, and it also faltered. Other religion-oriented search engines are Jewogle,

4150-487: The combined technologies of its acquisitions. Microsoft first launched MSN Search in the fall of 1998 using search results from Inktomi. In early 1999, the site began to display listings from Looksmart , blended with results from Inktomi. For a short time in 1999, MSN Search used results from AltaVista instead. In 2004, Microsoft began a transition to its own search technology, powered by its own web crawler (called msnbot ). Microsoft's rebranded search engine, Bing ,

4233-454: The content of the resource, as opposed to software, which algorithmically attempts to determine the meaning and quality of a resource. Also, people can find and bookmark web pages that have not yet been noticed or indexed by web spiders. Additionally, a social bookmarking system can rank a resource based on how many times it has been bookmarked by users, which may be a more useful metric for end-users than systems that rank resources based on

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4316-512: The cultural changes triggered by search engines, and the representation of certain controversial topics in their results, such as terrorism in Ireland , climate change denial , and conspiracy theories . There has been concern raised that search engines such as Google and Bing provide customized results based on the user's activity history, leading to what has been termed echo chambers or filter bubbles by Eli Pariser in 2011. The argument

4399-412: The dawn of the Web in the 1990s, but Google Search became the dominant one in the 2000s and has remained so. It currently has a 91% global market share. The business of websites improving their visibility in search results , known as marketing and optimization , has thus largely focused on Google. In 1945, Vannevar Bush described an information retrieval system that would allow a user to access

4482-560: The desired date range. It is also possible to weight by date because each page has a modification time. Most search engines support the use of the Boolean operators AND, OR and NOT to help end users refine the search query . Boolean operators are for literal searches that allow the user to refine and extend the terms of the search. The engine looks for the words or phrases exactly as entered. Some search engines provide an advanced feature called proximity search , which allows users to define

4565-629: The directory instead of doing a keyword-based search. In 1996, Robin Li developed the RankDex site-scoring algorithm for search engines results page ranking and received a US patent for the technology. It was the first search engine that used hyperlinks to measure the quality of websites it was indexing, predating the very similar algorithm patent filed by Google two years later in 1998. Larry Page referenced Li's work in some of his U.S. patents for PageRank. Li later used his Rankdex technology for

4648-480: The distance between keywords. There is also concept-based searching where the research involves using statistical analysis on pages containing the words or phrases you search for. The usefulness of a search engine depends on the relevance of the result set it gives back. While there may be millions of web pages that include a particular word or phrase, some pages may be more relevant, popular, or authoritative than others. Most search engines employ methods to rank

4731-438: The existence at each site of an index file in a particular format. JumpStation (created in December 1993 by Jonathon Fletcher ) used a web robot to find web pages and to build its index, and used a web form as the interface to its query program. It was thus the first WWW resource-discovery tool to combine the three essential features of a web search engine (crawling, indexing, and searching) as described below. Because of

4814-588: The flag, wear a badge with one of the above symbols, or even wear green clothes, to make themselves known to other Esperanto speakers. On December 15, 2009, the Verda Stelo flew on the Google home search page "Google" logo to mark L. L. Zamenhof 's 150th birthday. The flag flew on a flagstaff consisting of the "L" in the search -company's name. Esperantist (Redirected from Esperantist ) Person speaking or using

4897-482: The green star. Other variants include that for Christian Esperantists, with a white Christian cross superimposed upon the green star, and that for Leftists, with the color of the field changed from green to red. Some Esperanto speakers consider the traditional flag too nationalistic for an international language , so many organizations no longer recommend its use and, instead, use the jubilea simbolo ( jubilee symbol , two green " E "s facing each other—or alternatively

4980-402: The idea of selling search terms in 1998 from a small search engine company named goto.com . This move had a significant effect on the search engine business, which went from struggling to one of the most profitable businesses in the Internet. Search engines were also known as some of the brightest stars in the Internet investing frenzy that occurred in the late 1990s. Several companies entered

5063-528: The information they provide and the underlying assumptions about the technology. These biases can be a direct result of economic and commercial processes (e.g., companies that advertise with a search engine can become also more popular in its organic search results), and political processes (e.g., the removal of search results to comply with local laws). For example, Google will not surface certain neo-Nazi websites in France and Germany, where Holocaust denial

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5146-522: The international language Esperanto [REDACTED] This article needs additional citations for verification . Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources:   "List of Esperanto speakers"  –  news   · newspapers   · books   · scholar   · JSTOR ( June 2023 ) ( Learn how and when to remove this message ) Part of

5229-669: The last decade has encouraged Islamic adherents in the Middle East and Asian sub-continent , to attempt their own search engines, their own filtered search portals that would enable users to perform safe searches . More than usual safe search filters, these Islamic web portals categorizing websites into being either " halal " or " haram ", based on interpretation of Sharia law . ImHalal came online in September 2011. Halalgoogling came online in July 2013. These use haram filters on

5312-435: The limited resources available on the platform it ran on, its indexing and hence searching were limited to the titles and headings found in the web pages the crawler encountered. One of the first "all text" crawler-based search engines was WebCrawler , which came out in 1994. Unlike its predecessors, it allowed users to search for any word in any web page , which has become the standard for all major search engines since. It

5395-541: The market spectacularly, receiving record gains during their initial public offerings . Some have taken down their public search engine and are marketing enterprise-only editions, such as Northern Light. Many search engine companies were caught up in the dot-com bubble , a speculation-driven market boom that peaked in March 2000. Around 2000, Google's search engine rose to prominence. The company achieved better results for many searches with an algorithm called PageRank , as

5478-473: The number of external links pointing to it. However, both types of ranking are vulnerable to fraud, (see Gaming the system ), and both need technical countermeasures to try to deal with this. The first web search engine was Archie , created in 1990 by Alan Emtage , a student at McGill University in Montreal. The author originally wanted to call the program "archives", but had to shorten it to comply with

5561-401: The regular search engine results. The search engines make money every time someone clicks on one of these ads. Local search is the process that optimizes the efforts of local businesses. They focus on change to make sure all searches are consistent. It is important because many people determine where they plan to go and what to buy based on their searches. As of January 2022, Google

5644-465: The results to provide the "best" results first. How a search engine decides which pages are the best matches, and what order the results should be shown in, varies widely from one engine to another. The methods also change over time as Internet usage changes and new techniques evolve. There are two main types of search engine that have evolved: one is a system of predefined and hierarchically ordered keywords that humans have programmed extensively. The other

5727-542: The search results list: Every page in the entire list must be weighted according to information in the indexes. Then the top search result item requires the lookup, reconstruction, and markup of the snippets showing the context of the keywords matched. These are only part of the processing each search results web page requires, and further pages (next to the top) require more of this post-processing. Beyond simple keyword lookups, search engines offer their own GUI - or command-driven operators and search parameters to refine

5810-428: The search results. These provide the necessary controls for the user engaged in the feedback loop users create by filtering and weighting while refining the search results, given the initial pages of the first search results. For example, from 2007 the Google.com search engine has allowed one to filter by date by clicking "Show search tools" in the leftmost column of the initial search results page, and then selecting

5893-507: The standard filename robots.txt , addressed to it. The robots.txt file contains directives for search spiders, telling it which pages to crawl and which pages not to crawl. After checking for robots.txt and either finding it or not, the spider sends certain information back to be indexed depending on many factors, such as the titles, page content, JavaScript , Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), headings, or its metadata in HTML meta tags . After

5976-452: The summer of 1993, no search engine existed for the web, though numerous specialized catalogs were maintained by hand. Oscar Nierstrasz at the University of Geneva wrote a series of Perl scripts that periodically mirrored these pages and rewrote them into a standard format. This formed the basis for W3Catalog , the web's first primitive search engine, released on September 2, 1993. In June 1993, Matthew Gray, then at MIT , produced what

6059-538: The title "What's New!". The first tool used for searching content (as opposed to users) on the Internet was Archie . The name stands for "archive" without the "v". It was created by Alan Emtage , computer science student at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec , Canada. The program downloaded the directory listings of all the files located on public anonymous FTP ( File Transfer Protocol ) sites, creating

6142-654: The use of Esperanto for the information diffused by the Brussels Office of the organization. Franz Jonas , President of the Republic of Austria, Secretary of the Austrian Laborist Esperantist League and founder of Internacio de Socialistaj Esperantistoj ("International of Socialist Esperantists") Graham Steele , Canadian lawyer, author, and former politician Josip Broz Tito , head of state of Yugoslavia Alexander Dubček , head of state of Czechoslovakia . He grew up on

6225-494: The white symbolizes peace and neutrality, and the five-pointed star represents the five continents ( Europe , America , Asia , Oceania , Africa ). By recommendation of the board of the Universal Esperanto Association , the flag should have the following proportions: The ratio of the width of the flag to the height of the flag to a side of the white square should be 3 to 2 to 1. The ratio of

6308-573: Was Archie , which debuted on 10 September 1990. Prior to September 1993, the World Wide Web was entirely indexed by hand. There was a list of webservers edited by Tim Berners-Lee and hosted on the CERN webserver . One snapshot of the list in 1992 remains, but as more and more web servers went online the central list could no longer keep up. On the NCSA site, new servers were announced under

6391-578: Was a Baháʼí. Several leading Baháʼís have spoken Esperanto, most notably the Son of Baháʼu'lláh , ʻAbdu'l-Bahá (see John Esslemont ). Rudolf Carnap , German-born philosopher. Onisaburo Deguchi , one of the chief figures of the Oomoto religious movement in Japan and president of the Universala Homama Asocio ("Universal Human-love Association") Alfred Hermann Fried , recipient of

6474-581: Was aboard the Titanic when it sank. Þórbergur Þórðarson (Thorbergur Thortharson), Icelandic writer and Esperantist J. R. R. Tolkien . Leo Tolstoy , Russian writer and philosopher, who claimed he learned how to write Esperanto after two hours of study Julian Tuwim , Polish poet and translator. Vladimir Varankin , Russian writer Jules Verne , French author, incorporated Esperanto into his last unfinished work The Barsac Mission . Qian Xuantong , Chinese writer and linguist who pushed for

6557-458: Was also the search engine that was widely known by the public. Also, in 1994, Lycos (which started at Carnegie Mellon University ) was launched and became a major commercial endeavor. The first popular search engine on the Web was Yahoo! Search . The first product from Yahoo! , founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in January 1994, was a Web directory called Yahoo! Directory . In 1995,

6640-489: Was created by the Esperanto Club of Boulogne-sur-Mer , initially for their own use, but was adopted as the flag of the worldwide Esperanto movement by a decision of the first World Esperanto Congress , which took place in 1905 in that town. In 1905, delegates to the first conference of Esperantists at Boulogne-sur-Mer, unanimously approved a version differing from the modern only by the superimposition of an "E" over

6723-446: Was explained in the paper Anatomy of a Search Engine written by Sergey Brin and Larry Page , the later founders of Google. This iterative algorithm ranks web pages based on the number and PageRank of other web sites and pages that link there, on the premise that good or desirable pages are linked to more than others. Larry Page's patent for PageRank cites Robin Li 's earlier RankDex patent as an influence. Google also maintained

6806-478: Was launched on June 1, 2009. On July 29, 2009, Yahoo! and Microsoft finalized a deal in which Yahoo! Search would be powered by Microsoft Bing technology. As of 2019, active search engine crawlers include those of Google, Sogou , Baidu, Bing, Gigablast , Mojeek , DuckDuckGo and Yandex . A search engine maintains the following processes in near real time: Web search engines get their information by web crawling from site to site. The "spider" checks for

6889-631: Was probably the first web robot , the Perl -based World Wide Web Wanderer , and used it to generate an index called "Wandex". The purpose of the Wanderer was to measure the size of the World Wide Web, which it did until late 1995. The web's second search engine Aliweb appeared in November 1993. Aliweb did not use a web robot , but instead depended on being notified by website administrators of

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