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61-654: As of 2023 the VSO has 54 contracted musicians, represented by the Boston Musicians Association AFM Local 9-535. It presents an average of 35 to 40 concerts a year, and its annual budget is approximately $ 1.6 million. For fiscal year 2023, the state of Vermont budget contained an appropriation of $ 141,087 grant (part of the organization's $ 1.6M budget). While operating statewide, the VSO's home offices are found in Burlington, Vermont . The VSO

122-599: A constitution . The first elections under this constitution were held on March 3, 1778, and on March 12, the new government was organized at Windsor . During the later stages of the Revolutionary War (early 1780s) several Vermont officials engaged in negotiations with British officials, including Frederick Haldimand , the governor of Quebec , about Vermont officially returning to the British side. Just as Haldimand offered generous terms for reunion in 1781,

183-566: A bustling lumbering and manufacturing center – for some time the third largest lumber market in the world – and was incorporated as a city in 1865. Its Victorian-era prosperity left behind much fine architecture, including buildings by Ammi B. Young , H.H. Richardson , and McKim, Mead & White . On September 5, 1901, U.S. vice president Theodore Roosevelt spoke to a Civil War fraternal group in Burlington. Nine days later, he became U.S. president when President McKinley died. In 1870,

244-516: A four-block pedestrian mall in the heart of the city, is the site of festivals throughout the year. Events such as the "South End Art Hop" and public galleries such as Pine Street Art Works , provide a forum for the visual arts in the South End. A "Festival of Fools" had an estimated 25,000 attendees at the Marketplace in 2009. The "Vermont Brewers Festival" had 9,600 attendees in 2009, and

305-794: A hero of the Battle of Lake Champlain . The town's position on Lake Champlain helped it develop into a port of entry and center for trade, particularly after completion of the Champlain Canal in 1823, the Erie Canal in 1825, and the Chambly Canal in 1843. Wharves allowed steamboats to connect freight and passengers with the Rutland & Burlington Railroad and the Vermont Central Railroad . Burlington became

366-761: A point 20 miles (32 km) east of the Hudson River , Wentworth assumed the area west of the Connecticut belonged to New Hampshire. New York based its claim on the letters patent , which granted Prince James, Duke of York, brother of King Charles II, all of the lands west of the Connecticut River to Delaware Bay . Wentworth made the first grant, Bennington , a township west of the Connecticut River, on January 3, 1749. Cautioned by New York to cease and desist , Wentworth promised to await

427-640: A single storm is 33.1 inches (84.1 cm), which fell January 2–3, 2010. For the Northeastern United States, a heat wave is defined as having three consecutive days of 90 °F (32 °C) or more. There were six such heat waves from 2000–2009. According to the 2020 United States census , there were 44,743 people living in Burlington. The racial makeup of the city was 85.6% White , 4.4% Black or African American , 0.4% American Indian , 4.6% Asian , and 4.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino origin made up 3.8% of

488-472: A skirmish on August 2, 1813, British forces from Canada shelled Burlington. This is described as either a bold stroke by the British with an ineffectual response from the Americans or as a weak sally by the British, which was rightly ignored by the Americans. The cannonade lasted about 10 minutes and caused no casualties. The American troops involved were commanded by Naval Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough , later

549-548: A worldwide market and is based in neighboring South Burlington. Vermont Teddy Bear Company , whose founder started on a cart on a Burlington street, now ships custom teddy bears worldwide and is based in nearby Shelburne . Corporate headquarters located in Burlington include Burton Snowboards , Bruegger's , Lake Champlain Chocolates, Rhino Foods , and Seventh Generation Inc. In 2017 , Burlington had $ 591.7 million in retail sales . The Church Street Marketplace ,

610-597: Is also a community center, a cultural resource for newly arrived immigrants to the Burlington area, and the city's only free public access computer center. Many of Burlington's historic buildings and sites have been recognized by their inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). In addition to 28 buildings, three shipwrecks and the Burlington Breakwater, the city encompasses 17 historic districts. Churches in Burlington include

671-497: Is an annual event presented by the South End Arts and Business Association. Artists join businesses, artist studios, and galleries, which in turn open their doors to the public throughout the post-industrial section of Burlington, known as the "South End". The first Art Hop in 1993 had a little more than thirty artists and a dozen sites participating. In 2008, over 600 artists showcased their works in over 100 sites throughout

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732-554: Is now Vermont was first permanently settled by European settlers when William Dummer , acting governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay , ordered the construction of a fort roughly where Brattleboro is located. Massachusetts laid claim to the territory west of the Merrimack River at the time, and it had settlers on the Connecticut River who were prepared to move further north. The border between Massachusetts and

793-547: Is well-distributed throughout the year, but the summer months are the wettest. The city's location east of Lake Champlain sometimes accounts for localized snow squalls , producing up to 13 inches (33 cm) in 12 hours on rare occasions. Annual snowfall averages 86 inches (218 cm), but this figure can fluctuate greatly from one year to another. Temperature extremes have ranged from −30 °F (−34 °C) on January 15, 1957, and February 12, 1979, to 101 °F (38 °C) on August 11, 1944. The most recorded snowfall from

854-540: Is within the city limits. The City of Burlington owns Vermont's largest airport, the Patrick Leahy Burlington International Airport , located in neighboring South Burlington . In 2015, Burlington became the first city in the U.S. to run entirely on renewable energy . Two theories have been put forward regarding the origin of Burlington's name. The first is that it was named after Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington , and

915-642: The Canada–United States border and 95 miles (153 km) south of Montreal . As of the 2020 U.S. census , the population was 44,743. It is the least populous city in the 50 U.S. states to be the most populous city in its state . A regional college town , Burlington is home to the University of Vermont (UVM) and Champlain College . Vermont's largest hospital, the UVM Medical Center ,

976-486: The Federalist Party , which opposed the war. At one point during the war, the U.S. had 5,000 troops stationed in Burlington, outnumbering residents and putting a strain on resources. About 500 soldiers died of disease, which was always a problem due to poor sanitation in army camps. Some soldiers were quartered in the main building at the University of Vermont , where a memorial plaque commemorates them. In

1037-746: The Westminster convention, but settlers gathered at yet another convention at Dorset in 1776 and petitioned the Continental Congress to recognize Vermont as a state and seat its delegates. The New York delegation convinced the Congress to deny the petition. Some former Green Mountain Boys companies served in the American Revolutionary War , including in the effort to capture Fort Ticonderoga on May 10, 1775, and

1098-503: The colonial governor of the Province of New Hampshire , Benning Wentworth . The land grants, totaling about 135 (including 131 towns ), were made on land claimed by New Hampshire west of the Connecticut River , territory that was also claimed by the Province of New York . The resulting dispute led to the eventual establishment of the Vermont Republic , which later became the U.S. state of Vermont . The territory of what

1159-524: The crime of apartheid . The American Jewish Committee condemned the resolution as "deceptive and one-sided" and criticized it for its sole focus on Israel. A coalition of local rabbis and community groups condemned the resolution as well, citing the timing of the vote during the Jewish High Holy Days , between Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur , and fears that the resolution would fuel antisemitism . Former mayor Miro Weinberger called

1220-433: The invasion of Canada later that year. Ethan Allen and his then subordinate, Seth Warner , induced the Continental Congress at Philadelphia to create a Green Mountain ranger regiment . Having no treasury, the Congress directed that New York's Provincial Congress pay for the newly authorized regiment; which it did. In 1777 the citizens of Vermont declared their full independence from Great Britain and established

1281-608: The "Giant Pumpkin Regatta and Festival" had 5,000 attendees that same year; Saturday Night Live satirized the event. One of the largest year-round farmers' markets in the state of Vermont is located in the city. Dragon boat races to benefit charity have been held in Lake Champlain in August since 2006. In 2009, there were approximately 2,000 participants on 86 teams. An annual First Night community celebration of

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1342-812: The College Street Congregational Church ( United Church of Christ ), The Burlington Church of Christ, and the non-denominational Church at the Well. The Conservative Ohavi Zedek synagogue is also located in the city, and there is an active Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). Synagogues in Burlington include the Chabad of Vermont, Ohavi Zedek, Ahavath Gerim, Ruach HaMaqom, and Ohavi Zedek Chavurah. The Howard Mortuary Chapel in Lakeview Cemetery

1403-583: The Flynn Center in Burlington, Shelburne Farms on the shore of Lake Champlain in Shelburne, Vermont , Trapp Concert Meadow and many town commons, opera houses and university art centers including Johnson State College , Middlebury College , Castleton State College , Lyndon State College , and the University of Vermont . The VSO has extensive educational outreach with its Musicians-in-the-Schools and Orchestral Youth Concerts programs. Andrew Crust

1464-706: The Gospel in Foreign Parts (a missionary organization of the Church of England ), one for the Church of England, one for the first clergyman to settle in the township, one for a school, and two for Wentworth himself. The permanent annual tax on each grant, called a quitrent , was one shilling , paid directly to the King or his representative. While Wentworth's land sales were underway, New York also issued land patents in

1525-460: The Heart, where patients have access to art supplies and devoted volunteer time. The Fletcher Free Library was established in 1873, endowed by Mary Martha Fletcher , the daughter of a local businessman, but outgrew its initial building on Church Street by 1901. A new building was constructed in 1901–04 with funds provided by industrialist and philanthropist Andrew Carnegie , making it the first of

1586-963: The North Avenue Alliance Church, First Baptist Church, First Congregational Church, the Episcopal Cathedral Church of St. Paul , the First United Methodist Church, Christ Church ( Presbyterian ), the Roman Catholic Cathedral of St. Joseph —the episcopal see for the Diocese of Burlington , the First Unitarian Universalist Society, Dormition of the Mother of God Orthodox Church ( Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America ),

1647-536: The Palestinian-led Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions movement, which calls for nonviolent pressure on Israel." The authors' stated reasons for introducing the resolution were Israeli settlements in the West Bank, an ongoing "military siege and an economic blockade" of Gaza , and US military aid to Israel. They also cited reports by Human Rights Watch and B'Tselem that find Israel guilty of

1708-509: The South End of Burlington. The event takes place on the Friday and Saturday following Labor Day in September. The city has an art department, Burlington City Arts, which serves many roles including cultural planning, education, showing contemporary art and hosting cultural events at The BCA Center . Burlington City Arts also runs a program in collaboration with UVM Medical Center, Art from

1769-591: The arts on New Year's Eve was founded in 1983 with funding from the National Endowment on the Arts and Vermont Council on the Arts. It ran for 35 years before shutting down in 2018. Drag troupe, the House of LeMay , hosts the annual "Winter is a Drag Ball" which raises funds for HIV/AIDS-related organizations. The Emily Post Institute , an etiquette organization, is headquartered here. The city has, over

1830-700: The boundary line between the said two provinces of New Hampshire and New York." Wentworth issued his final two grants on October 17 of that year: Walker and Waltham . New York interpreted the decision as invalidating Wentworth's grants entirely—to the great dismay of area residents—and subsequently divided the territory into four counties, Albany , Charlotte , Cumberland and Gloucester . New York required that grantees surrender their charters, and in many cases buy their lands back from New York at greatly increased prices. Those who would not pay lost legal title to their lands, which New York then reassigned to others. The people, who would later become Vermonters, petitioned

1891-460: The city's bond credit rating at Aa3, "high" quality. The largest employers in the city, and the state overall, are the University of Vermont Medical Center and the University of Vermont , employing over 8,200 and 4,125 people, respectively. Other companies in Burlington include Blodgett Ovens, one of the oldest and largest commercial oven companies in the country, which manufactures restaurant equipment. General Electric develops software for

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1952-472: The east side of Champlain, provoking the former colony's government to reiterate its claim to the area, citing both its own patent and the New Hampshire letters patent of 1741. In March 1764, Wentworth released a statement to the effect that the resolution of jurisdictional dispute required a royal verdict, which he was certain would be made in his favor. Meanwhile, he encouraged his grantees to settle in

2013-473: The founding mission of the VSO is to make symphonic music accessible, at an affordable cost, to Vermont's mostly rural citizens. The Vermont Symphony Orchestra does not have a single home hall. Chartered to bring music to the citizenry, the VSO performs in a broad range of settings including Robert Todd Lincoln 's estate Hildene , the public lawn of the Vermont State House at Montpelier ,

2074-514: The four Carnegie libraries in Vermont. It was designed in the Beaux-Arts style by Walter R. B. Willcox of Burlington, who won a competition to receive the commission. The building had major settling problems in 1973 where it had been built over a former railroad ravine, which had been improperly filled in, and the library's collection was moved elsewhere. The possible razing of the building

2135-564: The governor of New York to confirm the New Hampshire Grants; he complied, in part, by declaring that no other grants should be made until the King's wishes were known. Land not previously granted by New Hampshire was considered open for distribution by New York's government. In 1770, the New York Supreme Court declared all of Wentworth's grants invalid, thereby asserting the province's de jure control over

2196-506: The harbor during the lumbering era. In 1980 two 18 story luxury condominium towers were proposed for the waterfront, just north of College Street. Opposition to that proposal led to the formation of the Citizens Waterfront Group to advocate for a bike path along the shore instead. In 1987 former Mayor Bernie Sanders proposed a community boathouse to anchor public redevelopment at the waterfront. The land filled into

2257-609: The harbor was eventually redesigned for public use in a decision of the Vermont Supreme Court in 1989. By 1990 the Burlington Bike Path was complete, from Oakledge Park in the south, to the Winooski River in the north. In 2004, Governor Howard Dean obtained funding for construction of a bike bridge across the Winooski River, allowing the bike path to be extended four miles out into the lake on

2318-576: The healthcare industry in South Burlington at the former headquarters of IDX Systems , which it purchased in 2006. General Dynamics Armament and Technical Products division employ 450 workers locally. A solely owned subsidiary, the division is based here. Dealer.com, a leading automotive internet marketing company, employs over 700 people. Ben & Jerry's began in 1978 when Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield opened their first ice cream scoop shop in an old gas station in Burlington and now has

2379-519: The judgment of the king, and refrain from making more grants in the claimed territory until it was rendered, but in November 1753, New York reported that he continued to grant land in the disputed area. Grants briefly ceased in 1754, because of the French and Indian War , but in 1755 and 1757, Wentworth had a survey made 60 miles (97 km) up the Connecticut River, and 108 grants were made, extending to

2440-543: The land and to cultivate and develop it. New York appealed to the Board of Trade , requesting a confirmation of their original grant, which finally resolved the border dispute between New York and New Hampshire in favor of New York. The royal order of July 26, 1764, affirmed that "the Western bank of the Connecticut, from where it enters the province of Massachusetts Bay as far north as the 45th degree of northern latitude, to be

2501-567: The line 20 miles (32 km) east of the Hudson, and north to the eastern shore of Lake Champlain . The grants were usually six miles square (the standard size of a U.S. survey township , i.e. 23,040 acres or 93 km ) and cost the grantee(s) 20 pounds . The grants were then subdivided amongst the proprietors, and six of the lots were set aside—one for the Society for the Propagation of

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2562-686: The main British army surrendered at Yorktown , and it was clear that the United States would achieve independence. Following the Revolutionary War , Vermont was excluded (primarily due to objections from New York) from the loose confederation established among the 13 former colonies . The state remained outside until 1791. In 1790 New York finally consented to Vermont's admission to the Union . New York ceded its New Hampshire Grants claim to Vermont for 30,000 dollars . A convention

2623-822: The mouth of the Winooski River along the lake shore, and rises from the water's edge to a height of 300 feet (91 m). A large ravine in what is now downtown was filled in with refuse and raw sewage in the 19th century to make way for further development. Burlington is characterized by its neighborhoods, which are generally recognized as follows: Burlington has a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfa ), with cold winters and humid summers. The monthly daily average temperatures range from 21 °F (−6.1 °C) in January to 72 °F (22.2 °C) in July. The annual precipitation of 43 inches (1,092 mm)

2684-514: The need for local self-governance independent from New York. The Manchester meeting created a "civil and political Body" to regulate their community. Two months later, another convention meeting at Westminster renounced the authority of New York's government. On March 13, 1775, two men were killed in Westminster by officers from New York. News of the first clash between American militia and British troops at Lexington and Concord interrupted

2745-550: The neighboring Province of New Hampshire was fixed by royal decree in 1741 at a line 3 miles (4.8 km) north of Pawtucket Falls , where the Merrimack River turns north. This decision eliminated claims by Massachusetts to the north of that line. The territory between the Connecticut River and Lake Champlain , however, was also claimed by the Province of New York , the claims of which extended eastward to Connecticut. Also in 1741, New Hampshire native Benning Wentworth

2806-545: The old railroad causeway to the Champlain Islands, now known as the Island Line Trail. In 1978, the ice cream enterprise Ben & Jerry's was founded in Burlington in a renovated gas station. It became a national brand, with retail outlets in numerous cities. The local bicycle advocacy that emerged from this effort led to the formation of the non-profit Local Motion. They now run a bike ferry during

2867-403: The population was below the poverty threshold . The median value of owner-occupied housing units was $ 338,100. Burlington's economy centers on education, health services, trade, transportation, and utilities, and some manufacturing. In February 2023 , the city had an unemployment rate of 2.1%. Mean annual wages were $ 63,180 in 2022 ; the state was $ 59,190. As of 2019 , Moody's set

2928-484: The population. There were 17,174 households and the average number of persons per household was 2.16. According to the American Community Survey for 2017–2021, the median income for a household in the city was $ 59,331. Among workers with full-time, year-round work, males had a median income of $ 50,552 versus $ 38,418 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 34,054. About 23.8% of

2989-559: The region. This infuriated residents, including Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys , who rose up to resist those efforts. While the resistance faded, so did New York's desire to assert its claim on the land around the Upper Connecticut, as a more pressing issue— revolution —moved to center stage. In January 1775 Committees of Safety from over twenty towns in the New Hampshire Grants area met in Manchester to discuss

3050-419: The resolution "inappropriate and counterproductive." In a 6–5 vote, the council decided to withdraw the resolution. In 2023, three Palestinian-American students were shot and injured in an incident during Thanksgiving break. The city of Burlington is situated on the eastern shore of Lake Champlain , north of Shelburne Bay. It was built on a strip of land extending about 6 miles (9.7 km) south from

3111-561: The same area. However, in contrast to the New Hampshire grants, the New York patents were generally irregularly shaped and issued to wealthy landowners. The New Hampshire grants were "town-sized," and generally settled by middle-class farmers. Most of the New York boundaries were ignored in favor of the New Hampshire boundaries and designations once Vermont achieved statehood, and some of these New York patents are now referred to as paper towns because they existed only on paper. In September 1762, New York found New Hampshire surveyors working on

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3172-480: The second is that the name honors the politically prominent and wealthy Burling family of New York. While no Burling family members are listed as grantees of the town, the family held large tracts of land in nearby towns, some of which were granted on the same day as Burlington. One of the New Hampshire grants , the land that was developed as Burlington was awarded by New Hampshire colonial governor Benning Wentworth on June 7, 1763, to Samuel Willis and 63 others. In

3233-541: The summer of 1775, settlers began clearing the land and built two or three log huts, but the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War delayed permanent settlement until after its conclusion. The town was organized in 1785. In 1808 the world's first lake-going steamboat was built in Burlington. The War of 1812 was unpopular in Vermont and the rest of New England , which had numerous trading ties with Canada. Neither Vermont nor other New England states provided militia units or financial support. Vermont voters supported

3294-451: The summer to get bicycles across a 200 yard gap in the railroad causeway, so they can get all the way out to the Lake Champlain islands. In 2021, following the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis , the city council scheduled a vote on a "Resolution In Solidarity with the Palestinian People" for September 13. The resolution called on the city council to "express its solidarity with the Palestinian people, condemn anti-boycott legislation, and endorse

3355-419: The waterfront was extended by construction of the Pine Street Barge Canal. This became polluted over the years and was a focus for cleanup in 2009 under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's Superfund program. In fact, the entire Burlington waterfront was a derelict wasteland as late as the mid-1980s, with rail yards, industrial uses and 90 oil storage tanks crowding the 60 acres of shoreline filled into

3416-636: The years, supported several local bands and has launched a handful of national acts. The most famous of these is Phish , which originated at UVM in 1983. Other acts with ties to the city include Matisyahu , Kat Wright , Strangefolk , The Essex Green , RAQ , James Kochalka , The Jazz Mandolin Project , Pork Tornado , Anaïs Mitchell , Greg Davis , Koushik , Grace Potter and the Nocturnals , Dispatch , Prydein , Eugene Hutz of Gogol Bordello , Noah Kahan , Morgan Page , KT Tunstall , Rubblebucket , The Vacant Lots , Drowningman , 99 Neighbors , Greg Freeman, and Twiddle . The "South End Art Hop"

3477-436: Was appointed music director in 2023. This Vermont -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a United States classical music orchestra is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Burlington, Vermont Burlington is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Vermont and the seat of Chittenden County . It is located 45 miles (72 km) south of

3538-409: Was appointed the first governor of New Hampshire of the 18th century who was not also a governor of Massachusetts. Wentworth chose to read New Hampshire's territorial claims broadly. He construed the decree setting the New Hampshire-Massachusetts border to mean that New Hampshire's jurisdiction extended as far west as the jurisdiction of Massachusetts extended. Since the Massachusetts boundary extended to

3599-476: Was built in 1882 as a gift to the City of Burlington from Hannah Louisa Howard, a local philanthropist. A native of the city, she was the daughter of John Howard, a successful Burlington hotelier. The chapel was designed in the High Victorian Gothic style by Alfred Benjamin Fisher, on cemetery grounds designed by E. C. Ryer in 1871. New Hampshire grants The New Hampshire Grants or Benning Wentworth Grants were land grants made between 1749 and 1764 by

3660-419: Was founded in Woodstock in 1934. It was invited to perform at the New York World's Fair , in 1939. It performed in each of the state's 251 cities and towns between 1984 and 1986. Efrain Guigui led the orchestra from 1974 to 1989. Kate Tamarkin was music director from 1991 to 1999. Jaime Laredo was appointed music director in 2000. The current music director, Andrew Crust, was appointed in 2023. A part of

3721-576: Was stopped by a citizens' committee, which successfully had it added to the National Register of Historic Places , and a grant allowed the stabilization and repair of the building. A new modern addition was completed in 1981. The largest public library in Vermont, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places , the Fletcher Free Library had a budget of over $ 1 million in 2002. It circulated more books, had more visitors, and had more computers, than any other library in Vermont. In addition to its primary services as Burlington's public library, it

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