Misplaced Pages

#708291

21-590: Traces of a 12th-9th century BC settlement, supposed of Villanovan origin, have been found overlooking the Adriatic plain. Later it was an Etruscan possession. The current town derives its name from Vero Occhio ("True Eye"), referring to its privileged position offering a wide panorama of the surrounding countryside and the Romagna coast. Malatesta da Verucchio , founder of the Malatesta lordship of Romagna,

42-467: A cemetery found near Villanova ( Castenaso , 12 kilometres east of Bologna ) in northern Italy . The excavation lasting from 1853 to 1855 was done by the scholar and site owner, count Giovanni Gozzadini , and involved 193 tombs, six of which were separated from the rest as if to signify a special social status. The "well tomb" pit graves lined with stones contained funerary urns . These had been only sporadically plundered and most were untouched. In 1893,

63-752: A chance discovery unearthed another distinctive Villanovan necropolis at Verucchio overlooking the Adriatic coastal plain. The burial characteristics relate the Villanovan culture to the Central European Urnfield culture ( c.  1300 –750 BCE) and Celtic Hallstatt culture that succeeded the Urnfield culture. It is not possible to tell these apart in their earlier stages. Cremated remains were placed in cinerary urns , specifically in biconical urns and then buried. The urns were

84-429: A form of Villanovan pottery known as impasto . A custom believed to originate with the Villanovan culture is the usage of hut-shaped urns, which were cinerary urns fashioned like the huts in which the villagers lived. Typical sgraffito decorations of swastikas , meanders , and squares were scratched with a comb-like tool. Urns were accompanied by simple bronze fibulae , razors and rings. The Villanovan culture

105-546: Is broadly divided into Villanovan I from c.  960 BCE to c.  801 BCE and the Villanovan II from c.  800 BCE to 720 BCE. The later phase (Villanovan II) saw radical changes, evidence of contact with Hellenic civilization and trade with the north along the Amber Road . This evidence takes the form of glass and amber necklaces for women, armor and horse harness fittings of bronze , and

126-560: Is used by buses, while Verucchio's houses a United Nations research centre. Verucchio was also supposed to be served by the Santarcangelo–Urbino railway  [ it ] , also known as the subappenine railway, which would have connected Santarcangelo di Romagna with Urbino . The project was intended to provide an inland alternative to the Bologna–Ancona railway , whose coastal position made it vulnerable to bombardment. It

147-666: The Conti Aria, who were the landowners of the entire Pianura di Misano. He is also known for his ground-breaking study of the medieval Towers of Bologna . At her death, his only daughter, Gozzadina Gozzadini left the family fortune to the Hospital of Bologna, where the university pediatric clinic carries the family name today, the Clinica Pediatrica Universitaria Gozzadini di Bologna . This article about an Italian archaeologist

168-579: The Tyrrhenian Etruria, in Tuscany and Lazio . Further south, Villanovan cremation burials are to be found in Campania , at Capua , at the "princely tombs" of Pontecagnano near Salerno , at Capo di Fiume, at Vallo di Diano and at Sala Consilina . Small scattered Villanovan settlements have left few traces other than their more permanent burial sites, which were set somewhat apart from

189-492: The Villanovan period Etruscans traded with other states from the Mediterranean such as Greeks, Balkans, and Sardinia. Trade brought about advancement in metallurgy, and Greek presence influenced Villanovan pottery. Buildings were rectangular in shape. The people lived in small huts, made of wattle and daub with wooden poles for support. Within the huts, cooking stands, utensils and charred animal bones give evidence about

210-728: The development of elite graves in contrast to the earlier egalitarian culture. Chamber tombs and inhumation (burial) practices were developed side-by-side with the earlier cremation practices. With the last phase of Villanovan II the Etruscans, in particular Southern Etruria , entered the Orientalizing period . The northernmost areas of the Etruscan world, such as Etruria Padana, continued in their development as Villanovan III (750–680 BCE) and Villanovan IV (680–540 BCE). The metalwork quality found in bronze and pottery demonstrate

231-684: The earliest phase of the Etruscan civilization , was the earliest Iron Age culture of Italy . It directly followed the Bronze Age Proto-Villanovan culture which branched off from the Urnfield culture of Central Europe . The name derives from the locality of Villanova, a fraction of the municipality of Castenaso in the Metropolitan City of Bologna where, between 1853 and 1855, Giovanni Gozzadini found

SECTION 10

#1732772188709

252-750: The family life of early inhabitants in Italy. Some huts contained large pottery jars for food storage sunk into their floors. There was also a rock cut drain to channel rainwater to communal reservoirs. Generally speaking, Villanovan settlements were centered in the Adriatic Etruria , in Emilia Romagna (in particular, in Bologna and in Verucchio , near Rimini ), in Marche ( Fermo ), and in

273-509: The former. Giovanni Gozzadini Giovanni Gozzadini (15 October 1810 – 25 August 1887) was an Italian archaeologist . The last male heir of a noble family in Bologna , that had given the city men-at-arms, doctors, and jurists, Giovanni was a highly educated man in other areas such as politics. His excavations in a necropolis on his property at Villanova (Castenaso, eight kilometres south-east of Bologna), lasting from 1853 to 1855, involved 193 tombs, six of which were separated from

294-594: The latter stop, named simply Verucchio, was opened with the railway's extension to San Marino-Torello in 1921. The railway's most-used section was between Rimini and Villa Verucchio. Following its closure, much of the railway was incorporated into the SP258  [ it ] provincial road . To allow the road's widening, the tracks in the province of Forlì were removed in 1964, costing 17.5 million lire . Both station buildings in Verucchio are extant: Villa Verucchio's

315-444: The maternal haplogroup K1a4 , found all over Europe since Neolithic times, and her autosomal DNA was a mixture of 72.9% Copper Age ancestry ( EEF + WHG ) and 27.1% Steppe-related ancestry . There was evidence for consanguinity for this sample with another ancient sample (700 BCE - 600 BCE) from the Etruscan necropolis of La Mattonara near Civitavecchia , compatible with being the latter an offspring of third-degree relatives from

336-548: The remains of a necropolis, bringing to light 193 tombs, of which there were 179 cremations and 14 inhumations. The Villanovans introduced iron-working to the Italian Peninsula . They practiced cremation and buried the ashes of their dead in pottery urns of distinctive double-cone shape. The name Villanovan of the early phases of the Etruscan civilization comes from the site of the first archaeological finds relating to this advanced culture, which were remnants of

357-484: The rest as if to signify a special social status. The "well tomb" pit graves lined with stones contained funerary urns. Thus were unearthed the first remains of the Villanovan culture , the first Iron Age culture in ancient Italy. The name Villanovan derives from that of the estate owned by Gozzadini. He also undertook the first excavations that brought to light the Etruscan necropolis at Marzabotto , financed by

378-610: The settlements—largely because the settlement sites were built over in Etruscan times. Modern opinion generally follows Massimo Pallottino in regarding the Villanovan culture as ancestral to the Etruscan civilization . A genetic study published in Science in November 2019 examined the remains of a female from the Villanovan culture buried in Veio Grotta Gramiccia , Italy between ca. 900 BCE and 800 BCE. She carried

399-476: The skill of the Villanovan artisans. Some grave goods from burial sites display an even higher quality, suggesting the development of societal elites within Villanovan culture. Tools and items were placed in graves suggesting a belief in an afterlife. Men's graves contained weapons, armor, while those for women included weaving tools. A few graves switched or mixed these, indicating the possibility that some women employed tools and that some men made clothing. During

420-477: Was abandoned in 1933, but some tracks had already been laid in the section from Santarcangelo to San Leo. Some of these tracks were reused by the Rimini–Novafeltria railway along a new post-war alignment. On 16 April 1992, the municipality transferred from the province of Forlì to the newly created province of Rimini . Villanovan The Villanovan culture ( c.  900 –700 BCE), regarded as

441-780: Was born here. His successors fortified it as a powerful bastion against the Montefeltro of Urbino . After the expulsion of the Malatesta (15th century), it was a fief of the Medici in the Papal States ; it remained part of the latter, with a short stint under the Republic of Venice , until 1620. Between 1916 and 1960, Verucchio was served by the Rimini–Novafeltria railway , with stops at Villa Verucchio and Ponte Verucchio;

SECTION 20

#1732772188709
#708291