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61-689: The Stations of the Resurrection complement the Stations of the Cross or Via Crucis (the term Via Lucis is intentionally reminiscent of this), a traditional Catholic devotion commemorating the Passion of Jesus . Unlike the traditional form of the Stations of the Cross—though in common with the revised form of that devotion introduced by Pope John Paul II on Good Friday 1991—all the Stations of

122-613: A custom that stems from southern European countries. Parishes and private groups often crown an image of the Blessed Virgin Mary with flowers. This is referred to as a “May crowning.” This rite may be done on solemnities and feasts of the Blessed Virgin Mary, or other festive days, and offers an opportunity to reflect on Mary's role in the history of salvation. In some countries, it takes place on or about May 1, however, in many United States Catholic parishes, it frequently takes place on Mother's Day. Saturdays are dedicated to

183-723: A living understanding to the faithful of the second moment of the Paschal event, namely the Lord's Resurrection. The Via Lucis is potentially an excellent pedagogy of the faith, since "per crucem ad lucem" [ through the Cross (one comes) to the light ]. Using the metaphor of a journey, the Via Lucis moves from the experience of suffering, which in God's plan is part of life, to the hope of arriving at man's true end: liberation, joy and peace which are essentially paschal values. The Via Lucis

244-529: A pause between each set of three (a total of nine strokes), sometimes followed by a longer peal as at curfew—seems to have been long established. During Eastertide, the Angelus is replaced with the Regina Coeli an antiphon, dating from the tenth or eleventh century. The Rosary , or Psalter of the Blessed Virgin Mary is essentially a contemplative prayer. Family recitation of the rosary is encouraged. In

305-559: A strong devotion to Anthony of Padua . The Tredicina refers to a thirteen-day Novena that takes places in preparation for the Feast of Saint Anthony on June 13. There are a number of devotional practices in honor of Saint Joseph ; these include the Prayer to Saint Joseph and the Novena to Saint Joseph . Saint Joseph's scapular was approved by Pope Leo XIII in 1893. Saint Joseph's Medal

366-443: Is a basic condition of communal liturgical celebration, because only the determination of the day and hour makes the union for worship possible. The establishment of holy times for worship is part of the original structure of the liturgy, and observing them is considered a primary Christian duty." Apart from the liturgical seasons of the church year the catholic liturgy knows ember days , rogation days and processions , services in

427-431: Is a potential stimulus for the restoration of a "culture of life" which is open to the hope and certitude offered by faith, in a society often characterized by a "culture of death", despair and nihilism. [1] As of 2007 there is no universally-agreed list of Stations of the Resurrection, nor have any Church authorities sought to impose a definitive list, and as a result some churches have commissioned sets of sculptures for

488-501: Is a sacramental introduced in 1971 to celebrate the 100th anniversary of Saint Joseph being declared the patron of the Catholic Church. A number of local devotions and customs to Saint Joseph exist around the world, e.g. Alpine regions, Josephstragen (German for carrying Saint Joseph ) takes place on the 9 days before Christmas. A statue of Saint Joseph is carried between 9 homes, and on the first day one boy prays to him, on

549-549: Is carried out by the Head and members of the mystical Body of Jesus Christ.” The Directory on popular piety and the liturgy states liturgy and life as inseparable, "Were the Liturgy not to have its effects on life, it would become void and displeasing to God". The Catechism of the Catholic Church explains: Liturgy is an "action" of the whole Christ (Christus totus) . Those who even now celebrate it without signs are already in

610-443: Is incomplete without, the Resurrection (see, for example, 1 Corinthians 15.17–20). For this reason a fifteenth Station, representing the Resurrection, is sometimes added to the Stations of the Cross. Even this practice has, however, been subject to criticism as insufficiently representing the two-fold dynamic of the Paschal mystery: the suffering and death of Jesus on the one hand, and on the other his Resurrection and glorification. In

671-459: Is the last canonical hour of the day. Members of the consecrated life are officially assigned by the church to intone the liturgy of the hours. They, as well as bishops, priests, deacons, are obliged to pray at least the main parts of the Liturgy of the Hours vicariously for the faithful. Communities of contemplative orders are obliged to pray the liturgy of hours in choir . Since the days of

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732-585: Is used for worship, adoration and reverence directed only to the Holy Trinity. Dulia (from the Greek δουλεία , douleia ) is the kind of honor given to the communion of saints, while the Blessed Virgin Mary is honored with hyperdulia , a higher form of dulia but lower than latria . Various unapproved acts such as the promotion of chain letters that contain prayers or the belief that

793-733: The Act of Consecration to the Sacred Heart , the image of the Sacred Heart and the Holy Hour which also originated from Alacoque's revelations. The devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus dates back to Mary of Saint Peter in 1843 who reported visions of Jesus and Mary in which she was urged to spread both the devotion to the Holy Face and that of the Holy Name of Jesus in reparation for

854-652: The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy of the Second Vatican Council , repeatedly mentions facilitating the full, active participation of the congregation as called for by the council. so that "unity of hearts is more profoundly achieved by the union of voices". Musicam Sacram states: "One cannot find anything more religious and more joyful in sacred celebrations than a whole congregation expressing its faith and devotion in song. Therefore

915-751: The Eucharistic adoration , the wearing of scapulars , the veneration of the saints, the Canonical coronations of sacred Marian or Christological images and even horticultural practices such as maintaining a Mary garden . Common examples of Catholic devotions are the Way of the Cross , the Rosary , the Angelus and various litanies , devotions to the Blessed Sacrament , the Sacred Heart ,

976-524: The Gloria Patri , although the other prayers may be used. Another pious practice is St. Andrew's Christmas Novena. It is not prayed to Saint Andrew, but commences on his feast day, November 30 and continues until Christmas. Several widespread devotions in the Catholic tradition relate to Jesus Christ . Catholic teaching considers the Eucharistic adoration an important practice which "stimulates

1037-713: The Immaculate Heart of Mary and the Holy Face of Jesus , pilgrimages , observing the month of the Rosary in October and the month of Mary in May. While the Catholic Church considers liturgy to be central to the life and mission of the church, it acknowledges the benefit of popular devotions, stating in Sacrosanctum Concilium that The spiritual life, however, is not limited solely to participation in

1098-586: The Incarnation . It consists essentially in the triple repetition of the Hail Mary, to which in later times have been added three introductory versicles and a concluding versicle and prayer. The prayer is that which belongs to the antiphon of Our Lady, "Alma Redemptoris". It is prayed three times daily: at dawn, mid-day and at dusk. The manner of ringing the Angelus—the triple stroke repeated three times, with

1159-835: The Latin liturgical rites of the Latin Church and the Eastern Catholic liturgies of the Eastern Catholic Churches . The Catholic Church understands liturgy not only to mean the celebration of the Holy Mass , but also the celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours and the administration of sacraments and many sacramentals . At the Second Vatican Council , the Council Fathers proclaimed

1220-565: The Novena of Grace addressed to Francis Xavier and the Cord of Saint Francis associated with Francis of Assisi . Catholic liturgy God Schools Relations with: Catholic liturgy means the whole complex of official liturgical worship , including all the rites , ceremonies, prayers , and sacraments of the Church , as opposed to private devotions. In this sense the arrangement of all these services in certain set forms (including

1281-652: The Scapular of Saint Michael the Archangel and the Chaplet of Saint Michael . The Prayer to Saint Michael is also a popular prayer, composed by Pope Leo XIII . Devotions to Saint George are also widely practiced by Catholics, given that he is one of the most popular saints in Christianity. These devotions and churches built in his honor date to the 6th century. Many other devotions to saints exist, such as

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1342-524: The Stations of the Cross , while maintaining the primacy of liturgy over private devotions. Pious devotions have influenced some important parts of the Catholic calendar such as the feast of Corpus Christi or various Marian feasts that gradually appeared with the growth of devotions. Catholic devotions can form the basis of major community events, such as the statue of Our Lady of Zapopan , which attracts over one million pilgrims on October 12 each year as

1403-404: The canonical hours , administration of sacraments, etc.) is meant. Liturgy encompasses the entire service: prayer, reading and proclamation, singing, gestures, movement and vestments , liturgical colours , symbols and symbolic actions, the administration of sacraments and sacramentals . Liturgy (from Greek : leitourgia ) is a composite word meaning originally a public duty, a service to

1464-591: The 'communitarian' nature of the procession to receive Communion". The forms used in the Latin Church for the individual celebrations can be found in the liturgical books of the Roman Rite ( Roman Missal , Rituale Romanum , Book of Hours , the Ceremonial of Bishops etc. that were revised as part of the liturgical reform (and translated into the national languages). The Catholic liturgy also includes

1525-534: The Author of their sanctity." The Catechism of the Catholic Church (item 957) states: It is not merely by the title of example that we cherish the memory of those in heaven; we seek, rather, that by this devotion to the exercise of fraternal charity the union of the whole Church in the Spirit may be strengthened. Exactly as Christian communion among our fellow pilgrims brings us closer to Christ, so our communion with

1586-617: The Catholic Church. Other devotions include the Divine Mercy based on the visions of Faustina Kowalska such as the Divine Mercy Sunday , the Chaplet of Divine Mercy and the Divine Mercy image . The First Thursdays Devotion based on the visions of Alexandrina of Balazar , and the Chaplet of the Holy Wounds revealed to Marie Martha Chambon . The Angelus is a traditional prayer used to commemorate

1647-525: The Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy, Sacrosanctum Concilium . There it says: For the liturgy, "through which the work of our redemption is accomplished", most of all in the divine sacrifice of the Eucharist , is the outstanding means whereby the faithful may express in their lives, and manifest to others, the mystery of Christ and the real nature of the true Church. The General Instruction on

1708-691: The Light: Renewing the Ancient Christian Practice of the Via Lucis as a Scriptural Tool for Today, Mary Ford-Grabowsky, Image Book, Doubleday, 2005, 0385511655 Catholic devotions Catholic devotions are particular customs, rituals, and practices of worship of God or honour of the saints which are in addition to the liturgy of the Catholic Church . The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops describes devotions as "expressions of love and fidelity that arise from

1769-576: The Liturgy of the Hours state that, "as well as praising God, the Church's liturgy expresses the hopes and prayers of all the Christian faithful and intercedes before Christ and through him before the Father for the salvation of the whole world. As a result, the Catholic understanding of liturgy is not primarily about the precise regulation of individual sequences of rites, but rather about the essence of

1830-733: The Philippines has been celebrated for centuries, and its icon continues to be venerated. Each year around Pentecost , as part of a local Marian devotion, about a million people attend the Romería de El Rocío in Spain. In Los Angeles, California , an old custom of a Marian procession was revived in 2011 to coincide with the anniversary of the founding of the city. Various chivalric, fraternal, and religious orders, parishes, and other religious and civic organizations participate. Traditions vary across different cultures. Italians, for example, have

1891-535: The Resurrection are based on scripturally -recorded incidents contained in the four Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles . As with the Stations of the Cross, the devotion takes no fixed form, but typically includes for each Station a reading from Scripture, a short meditation , and a prayer . Where a series of pictures is used to aid the devotion, it takes the form of a procession , with movement from one Station to

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1952-540: The Roman station churches , votive masses and the feasts of Christ and his saints . Numerous ecclesiastical documents call the Eucharist and the celebration of the Holy Mass the supreme act of worship and as the center of the liturgical life of the Church, as Jesus Christ is the center of Catholic life and worship. The Second Vatican Council called the Eucharist the center and the summit: "The celebration of Mass, as

2013-403: The Stations according to their own distinctive scheme which may not be followed elsewhere. (This is similar to the history of the Stations of the Cross, which attained their normative form only after many centuries of widely varying local practice.) As to the number of Stations, however, there is general agreement that in order to emphasise the complementarity between the Stations of the Cross and

2074-516: The Stations of the Resurrection there should be fourteen Stations of the Resurrection, as is traditionally the case with the Stations of the Cross. In spite of continuing local variability, there appears nevertheless to be an increasing convergence upon the following as a recognised list of Stations of the Resurrection: Other sources, however, including some recent ones, replace some of these Stations with others, such as: Stations of

2135-705: The Virgin Mary, designated as memorials of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This practice dates from Carolingian times (ninth century). Specific episodes in the Life of the Virgin Mary have resulted in devotions that focus on a particular aspect of her life. Examples include the Seven Sorrows of Mary that recall her sufferings from the Prophecy of Simeon to the Crucifixion of Jesus . The Seven Joys of Mary on

2196-509: The action of Christ and of the People of God arrayed hierarchically, is the center of the whole of Christian life for the Church both universal and local, as well as for each of the faithful individually." The Liturgy of the Hours consecrates to God the whole course of day and night. Lauds and Vespers and Matins are major hours, little hours are Terce , Sext and None ; the Compline

2257-447: The active participation of the whole people, which is shown in singing, is to be carefully promoted." It calls for fostering this congregational participation through attention to choice of song directors, to choice of songs, and to the nature of the congregation. It mentions the duty to achieve this participation on the part of choirs, choirs directors, pastors, organists, and instrumentalists. To achieve full, active participation of

2318-539: The apostles, singing has always transfigured the Christian liturgy, Gregorian chant , that "bears the stamp of holiness", is typical of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. Pope Pius X and Pope Pius XI encouraged the singing of the Gregorian chant by the people, "in order that the faithful may more actively participate in divine worship". The 1967 document Musicam sacram , that implemented

2379-418: The church. The Codex Iuris Canonici says this in the following way: The Church fulfills its sanctifying function in a particular way through the sacred liturgy, which is an exercise of the priestly function of Jesus Christ. In the sacred liturgy the sanctification of humanity is signified through sensible signs and effected in a manner proper to each sign. In the sacred liturgy, the whole public worship of God

2440-543: The congregation, great restraint in introducing new hymns has proven most helpful. To this end also, the General Instruction of the Roman Missal recommends use of seasonal responsorial psalms and also keeping to a song that all can sing while processing to Communion , to "express the communicants' union in spirit by means of the unity of their voices, to show joy of heart, and to highlight more clearly

2501-526: The disciples who awaited the coming of the Holy Spirit (cf. John 14, 26; 16, 13-15; Lk 24, 49), strengthened their faith, brought to completion his teaching on the Kingdom and more closely defined the sacramental and hierarchical structure of the Church. Through the Via Lucis , the faithful recall the central event of the faith – the resurrection of Christ – and their discipleship in virtue of Baptism,

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2562-473: The efficacy of devotional practices in eliciting feelings of devotion: a strong emotional appeal, a simplicity of form which puts them within the reach of all, the association with many others engaged in the same practices, and their derivation from the example of others considered to lead a holy life. Since the Middle Ages , popes have encouraged devotions such as Eucharistic adoration , the Rosary and

2623-528: The encyclical Ingruentium malorum , Pope Pius XII said regarding the custom of the family recitation of the Holy Rosary: ...when, at eventide, the Christian home resounds with the frequent repetition of praises in honor of the High Queen of Heaven...Then the Rosary, recited in the family,...unites them piously with those absent and those dead. It links all more tightly in a sweet bond of love, with

2684-485: The faithful to an awareness of the marvelous presence of Christ and is an invitation to spiritual communion with Him." Often the Eucharistic adoration is performed for at least a full hour known as the Holy Hour by some groups or individuals even daily. The inspiration for the Holy Hour is Matthew 26:40 when in the Garden of Gethsemane the night before his crucifixion , Jesus asks Peter: "So, could you men not keep watch with me for one hour?". Some devotions have

2745-418: The form of Acts of Reparation to Jesus Christ . Devotions to the Sacred Heart of Jesus first appeared in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, but most current devotions are attributed to Margaret Mary Alacoque (1647–1690) and were later encouraged by Pope Pius XI in his encyclical Miserentissimus Redemptor . These current devotions include the Feast of the Sacred Heart , the First Fridays devotion ,

2806-409: The heavenly liturgy, where celebration is wholly communion and feast. Ecclesiastical writers as Anselm Schott OSB compare the liturgical year to a church building: as the liturgical service is limited in space by the walls of the church, so the church year it is enclosed by certain holy times. The liturgical year is made up of holy seasons, weeks and days. "The exact determination of the holy times

2867-483: The intersection of one's own faith, culture and the Gospel of Jesus Christ". Devotions are not considered part of liturgical worship, even if they are performed in a church or led by a priest, but rather they are paraliturgical. The Congregation for Divine Worship at the Vatican publishes a Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy . Catholic devotions have various forms, ranging from formalized, multi-day prayers such as novenas to activities, such as processions or

2928-479: The liturgy … Popular devotions of the Christian people are to be highly commended, provided they accord with the laws and norms of the Church, above all when they are ordered by the Apostolic See … These devotions should be so drawn up that they harmonize with the liturgical seasons, accord with the sacred liturgy, are in some fashion derived from it, and lead the people to it, since, in fact, the liturgy by its very nature far surpasses any of them. Several factors shape

2989-457: The many insults Jesus suffered in his Passion, resulting in The Golden Arrow prayer . The devotion was first approved by Pope Leo XIII in 1885, and further promoted by Maria Pierina de Micheli based on the image from Secondo Pia 's photograph of the Shroud of Turin . In 1958, Pope Pius XII approved of the devotion and the Holy Face medal and granted that the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus may be celebrated on Shrove Tuesday throughout

3050-404: The most Holy Virgin, who, like a loving mother, in the circle of her children, will be there bestowing upon them an abundance of the gifts of concord and family peace. The Litany of Loreto is the most well-known Marian litany. Through their prayers of intercession, the saints in heaven play an integral role in the life of the church on earth. "To honor the Saints is automatically to honor God,

3111-419: The next sometimes being accompanied by the singing of one or more verses of a hymn . In the traditional scheme of the Stations of the Cross, the final Station is the burial of Jesus. Though this constitutes a logical conclusion to the Via Crucis , it has been increasingly regarded as unsatisfactory as an end-point to meditation upon the Paschal mystery , which according to Christian doctrine culminates in, and

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3172-435: The nine days between the Ascension Thursday and Pentecost . The practice of novenas derives from the nine days spent in prayer by the Apostles and Disciples together with Mary from the Ascension until the Descent of the Holy Spirit on Pentecost. This is considered to have been the first novena. It is generally prayed for an increase of the Seven gifts of the Holy Spirit . The Novena to the Holy Trinity generally includes

3233-481: The other hand start with the Annunciation and end with her coronation in Heaven . Among devotional articles, probably the most common are the scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel , and the Miraculous Medal , which dates to 1830. Also Scapular of Our Lady of Good Counsel and the Scapular of the Seven Dolours of Mary Regional devotions continue to generate local support such as festivals and celebrations. The festival of Our Lady of Solitude of Porta Vaga in

3294-432: The paschal sacrament by which they have passed from the darkness of sin to the bright radiance of the light of grace (cf. Col 1, 13; Eph 5, 8). For centuries the Via Crucis involved the faithful in the first moment of the Easter event, namely the Passion, and helped to fix its most important aspects in their consciousness. Analogously, the Via Lucis , when celebrated in fidelity to the Gospel text, can effectively convey

3355-422: The saints joins us to Christ. Many devotions and pious exercises are in some way related to the liturgical feasts of the General Calendar of the Roman Rite or of the particular calendars of dioceses and religious congregations. Dedication of the month of May to the Blessed Virgin Mary dates from about the seventeenth century. Pious practices include the erection of a small "May altar" decorated with May flowers,

3416-492: The second day two boys pray, until 9 boys pray the 9th day. The statue is then placed near a manger in the town church on Christmas Eve. Further devotions are the seven joys and seven sorrows of Saint Joseph, analogous to the seven joys and seven sorrows of the Virgin, and private devotions such as that to the most Chaste Heart of Joseph . Devotions to the archangel Saint Michael involve specific prayers and Novenas to Saint Michael , hymns such as Te Splendor as well as

3477-415: The state undertaken by a citizen. A leitourgos was "a man who performs a public duty", "a public servant", leitourgeo was "to do such a duty", leitourgema its performance, and leitourgia , the public duty itself. So in the use of liturgy meant the public official service of the Church, that corresponded to the official service of the Temple in the Old Law. Catholic liturgies are broadly categorized as

3538-413: The statue travels through the streets moving from one cathedral to another. In Catholic tradition, a wide range of practices have developed, ranging from devotions to the Holy Trinity to specific saints. The three-level hierarchy of latria , hyperdulia and dulia determines the appropriate type of worship or veneration for different situations. Latria (from the Greek λατρεία , latreia )

3599-449: The summer of 1988, Father Sabino Palumbieri, Professor of Anthropology at the Salesian University in Rome , proposed the creation of a new set of stations, centred upon the Resurrection and the events following from it, so as to emphasise the positive, hopeful aspect of the Christian story which, though not absent from the Stations of the Cross, is obscured by their emphasis upon suffering. The first major public celebration of this devotion

3660-407: The use of a statue of Saint Joseph can speed up the sale of a house have been discouraged as non-pious, superstitious and against Catholic values. In general, acts and beliefs that aim at the manipulation of divine power for specific gainful purposes are always condemned as contrary to Catholic devotional practices. The Pentecost Novena to the Holy Spirit is traditionally prayed especially during

3721-481: Was in 1990, after which it gained greater currency. In December 2001, the Holy See promulgated a Directory on Popular Piety and the Liturgy , which commended the Via Lucis as follows: A pious exercise called the Via Lucis has developed and spread to many regions in recent years. Following the model of the Via Crucis , the faithful process while meditating on the various appearances of Jesus – from his Resurrection to his Ascension – in which he showed his glory to

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