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88-686: The municipality, with an area of 109.06 km (42.11 sq mi) and a population of 292,374 in 2022 including rural parishes, is the most populous municipality in Galicia. The area of the municipality includes the Cíes Islands , part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park . Vigo is one of the region's primary economic agents, owing to the French Stellantis Vigo Plant and to its port . Close to

176-405: A temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typically have dry summers and wet winters, with summer conditions being hot and winter conditions typically being mild. These weather conditions are typically experienced in the majority of Mediterranean-climate regions and countries, but remain highly dependent on proximity to

264-424: A 40 mm (1.6 in) level. The third letter indicates the degree of summer heat: " a " represents an average temperature in the warmest month above 22 °C (72 °F), while " b " indicates the average temperature in the warmest month below 22 °C (72 °F). There is a "c" with 3 or less months' average temperature above 10 °C (50 °F), but this climate is rare and is very isolated. Under

352-891: A Csb climate because of its location inside the Alborz mountains . Winters in this zone are rainy and can be mild to chilly. Some locales in this zone experience some amount of snowfall, while others do not. Csb climates are found in northwestern Iberian Peninsula (namely Galicia and the Norte region and west coast of Portugal ), in coastal Northern California , in the Pacific Northwest (namely western Washington , western Oregon and southern portions of Vancouver Island in British Columbia ), in central Chile , in parts of southern Australia and in sections of southwestern South Africa . A few locations close to

440-456: A Mediterranean climate are near large bodies of water, temperatures are generally moderate, with a comparatively small range of temperatures between the winter low and summer high unlike (the relatively rare) dry-summer humid continental climates (although the daily diurnal range of temperature during the summer is large due to dry and clear conditions, except along the immediate coastlines). Temperatures during winter only occasionally fall below

528-613: A century of intensive agriculture. Much of the Overberg in the southern Cape of South Africa , was once covered with renosterveld , but has likewise been largely converted to agriculture, mainly for wheat . In hillside and mountainous areas, away from the urban sprawls , ecosystems and habitats of native vegetation are more sustained and undisturbed. The fynbos vegetation in the South-western Cape in South Africa

616-477: A diminishing quality of the soil and an increased risk of fire. The park is gradually replacing these species with arbutus , pine trees and birches , a process expected to take 20 years to completion. The Prestige oil spill in 2002 and the subsequent cleanup caused major environmental damage in the park. Although almost all traces of fuel have disappeared, two decades later the park's biodiversity has not yet recovered pre-spill levels. The population of lichens

704-981: A few kilometers away from the city center. In many of the municipality's neighborhoods and parishes a large number of Roman ruins remain. Such is the importance of the Roman remains in Vigo that many Spanish authors have come to coin the term Romanesque Vigo ( románico vigués in Spanish). Vigo retains some interesting examples of Romanesque churches in southern Galicia: Throughout the municipality of Vigo there are 47 coves and beaches, including sandy areas with waves for water sports, wild coves, family beaches, nudist beaches and urban beaches. Some of these coves and beaches have various facilities or services for their users, such as sports areas, showers, footbaths, public address system, promenade, Red Cross lifeguard and rescue post, areas adapted for people with disabilities, etc. In June 2020,

792-668: A few kilometres inland. Occasionally also termed the "cool-summer Mediterranean climate", this subtype of the Mediterranean climate ( Csb ) is less common and experience warm (but not hot) and dry summers, with no average monthly temperatures above 22 °C (72 °F) during its warmest month and as usual an average in the coldest month between 18 and −3 °C (64 and 27 °F) or, in some applications, between 18 and 0 °C (64 and 32 °F). Also, at least four months must average above 10 °C (50 °F). Cool ocean currents, upwelling and higher latitudes are often

880-556: A mean temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C [27 °F]), depending on the isotherm used). Regions in the Americas with this climate are influenced by the dry-summer trend (though briefly) that extends considerably poleward along the west coast, as well as the moderating influences of high altitude and relative proximity to the Pacific Ocean. These conditions maintain an unusually narrow temperature range through

968-638: A plenary formed by 20 councillors from the Socialists' Party of Galicia–PSOE , 4 from the People's Party , 2 from the Marea de Vigo and 1 from the Galician Nationalist Bloc . The current mayor is Abel Caballero ( Spanish Socialist Workers Party ), who has won four mandates in a row since becoming mayor in 2007. Vigo is administratively divided into 23 parroquias ("parishes"). Vigo

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1056-574: A protected Ramsar site . The islands of the park are located in the continental platform of the Galician Rías Baixas . The archipelagos of Cortegada and Sálvora are located in the inner and outer areas of the Ría de Arousa , respectively. The Ons archipelago, formed mainly by the Ons and Onza islands, are located at the entrance of the Ría de Pontevedra . Similarly, the Cíes Islands surround

1144-550: A season earlier than at the Dead Sea . In the Holy Land no rain at all falls in summer but early rains may come in autumn. The majority of the regions with Mediterranean climates have relatively mild winters and very warm summers. However, winter and summer temperatures can vary greatly between different regions with a Mediterranean climate. For instance, in the case of winters, Funchal experiences mild to warm temperatures in

1232-573: A wider functional urban area (FUA), with 21 municipalities and a population of 541,000 inhabitants. Vigo is a municipality , the basic level of local government in Spain. The Ayuntamiento ( concello in Galician) is the body charged with the municipal government and administration. The Plenary of the concello is formed by 27 elected municipal councillors, who in turn invest the mayor . The last municipal election took place on 26 May 2019, leading to

1320-597: A yearly cycle in which abiotic (environmental) controls of stream populations and community structure dominate during floods, biotic components (e.g. competition and predation) controls become increasingly important as the flood discharge declines, and environmental controls regain dominance as environmental conditions become very harsh (i.e. hot and dry); as a result, these communities are well suited to recover from droughts , floods , and fires . Aquatic organisms in these regions show distinct long-term patterns in their structure and function, and are also highly sensitive to

1408-455: Is 40.8 °C (105 °F) set on August 7, 2016. Vigo is known for its extreme rainfall in winter. December 1978 saw 925.6 millimetres (36.44 in) fall at the weather station in a single month. During that month on 7 th December, 175 millimetres (6.9 in) fell on a single day. Normal values for 1981-2010 was 1,791 millimetres (70.5 in) falling on just 129.2 days indicating heavy rain to be common. The airport where values are taken

1496-424: Is closely associated with Mediterranean climate zones, as are unique freshwater communities, though vegetation native to the Mediterranean climate zone can also be found in the approximate nearby climate zones, which usually tend to be the humid subtropical , oceanic and/or semi-arid zones, depending on the region and location. Particularly distinctive of the climate are sclerophyll shrublands, called maquis in

1584-463: Is equipped with an information center, and there are information points in Cíes, Ons and Cortegada. Due to successive fires and agricultural practice, the original forests of the islands eventually declined and reforestation attempts in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century were performed with foreign species, particularly Eucalyptus and Acacias . While successful at creating new forests, this resulted in

1672-576: Is famed for its high floral diversity , and includes such plant types as members of the Restionaceae , Ericas (Heaths) and Proteas . Representatives of the Proteaceae also grow in Australia, such as Banksias . The palette of California native plants is also renowned for its species and cultivar diversity. This subtype of the Mediterranean climate ( Csa ) is the most common form of

1760-568: Is general freight, highlighting container traffic, RO-RO of vehicles (the second in Spain in Ro-Ro traffic for new vehicles), natural stone and granite (the first of Spain in granite traffic), wood and preserved food . The main campus of the University of Vigo is located on top of one of the mountains that surrounds the town, in the parish of Zamáns . The local transportation service Vitrasa enables shuttles in order to communicate

1848-406: Is higher, steppe climates tend to prevail, but still follow the basic pattern of the Mediterranean climates. Irregularity of the rainfall, which can vary considerably from year to year, accentuates the droughts of the Mediterranean climate. Rain does not fall evenly, nor does the rain arrive at the same time or within the same intervals. In Gibraltar , for instance, rain starts falling nearly half

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1936-671: Is home to the Co-Cathedral of Santa María and several museums, most of which were inaugurated between the late 1990s and early 2000s. Among them are the Museum of Contemporary Art (MARCO) and the Museum of the Sea. The oldest museum is the Quiñones de León Municipal Museum. The municipality of Vigo is one of the most important Roman centers of Pontevedra . Although within the city one will not find much Romanesque architecture, it can be seen

2024-736: Is known thanks to the town mayor, Abel Caballero , who has a show in which he answers to questions and inquiries submitted by the citizens. Radio coverage includes RNE —the Spanish public radio network—, Radio Galega —a Galician government-supported radio in Galician language—, and some private-owned stations ("Radio Vigo - Cadena Ser", "Radio Voz Vigo", "Radio ECCA", and so on). Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park The Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park ( Galician : Parque Nacional das Illas Atlánticas de Galicia , Spanish : Parque Nacional de las Islas Atlánticas de Galicia )

2112-512: Is located further inland at a considerably higher elevation (261 metres (856 ft)) than the city itself located on the coastline in the Ria de Vigo estuary, which is likely warmer year-round. The municipality of Vigo had 293,642 inhabitants in 2018 (198,537 in the city) with an extended metropolitan population of 545,892 in the southern part of the province of Pontevedra making it Spain's 14th-largest metropolitan area. In 2021 - according to

2200-458: Is of granitic nature, although in the first two the predominant parent rock is two-mica gneiss-granite, while in Sálvora the predominant material is coarse-grained amphibole-biotite late granodiorite . Cortegada, meanwhile, presents a composition that is predominantly of metamorphic rock shale and paragneiss , with migmatic granite . Although located in a region of oceanic climate , most of

2288-460: Is one of the largest employers in the region. In 2007, it produced a total of 545,000 vehicles, of which more than 82% were sold outside Spain. Biotech and other advanced industries play an important role on Vigo's economy. The publishing industry in Galician is prominent in the city, with Editorial Galaxia and Editorial Xerais. The Port of Vigo covers a length of more than 20 km and offers more than 9 km of docks. The largest port traffic

2376-459: Is the only national park located in the province of Pontevedra , in the autonomous community of Galicia , Spain . It comprises the archipelagos of Cíes , Ons , Sálvora and Cortegada . The park covers a land area of 1,200 ha (3,000 acres) and a sea area of 7,200 ha (18,000 acres). It is the tenth most visited national park in Spain. It was the thirteenth national park to be established in Spain. Since 2021 it has been designated as

2464-627: The Faro de Vigo , the oldest newspaper in Spain still in circulation, and the Atlántico Diario , a little local newspaper. There also exist a local edition of the Galician main headline newspaper " La Voz de Galicia ". Vigo was also the main location of historic newspaper such as the weekly newspaper " A Nosa Terra ", which was published in Galician and is now defunct. Vigo also has a TV local station: "Televigo". Although not very popular, it

2552-562: The Movida madrileña that took place in Vigo during the 1980s triggered by the explosion of liberties after the death of dictator Francisco Franco . The most important artists of this postmodern movement were musicians; particularly punk and new wave bands such as Siniestro Total , Golpes Bajos , Aerolíneas Federales , Semen Up or Os Resentidos . At the moment, the city still has notorious bands like Iván Ferreiro (ex-singer of Los Piratas ) and Mon. Vigo has two daily newspapers;

2640-603: The Köppen climate classification , "hot dry-summer" climates (classified as Csa ) and "cool dry-summer" climates (classified as Csb ) are often referred to as just "Mediterranean". Under the Köppen climate system, the first letter indicates the climate group (in this case temperate climates). Temperate climates or " C " zones average temperature above 0 °C (32 °F) (or −3 °C (27 °F)), but below 18 °C (64 °F), in their coolest months. The second letter indicates

2728-688: The Leatherback Sea Turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) . In the amphibian family, the islands are home to smaller salamanders than in the nearby continent, with distinct reproduction and diurnal activity as an adaptation to insular conditions. Reptiles include Bedriaga's skinks (Chalcides bedriagai) and ocellated lizards (Timon lepidus) , and a notable insect is the rare Spanish festoon butterfly (Zerynthia rumina) . Mammals are scarce, although there are plenty of rabbits which practically have no predators. In recent years, otters have reappeared. There are traces of human occupation in

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2816-805: The Long-finned Pilot Whale (Globicephala melas) and the Short-beaked Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) . Additionally, the park sees a regular presence of marine turtles. Among them, the most frequent species is the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) , along with the Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) , Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) , the Hawksbill Sea Turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) or

2904-602: The Portugal–Spain border , Vigo is part of the Galicia–North Portugal Euroregion . The European Fisheries Control Agency is headquartered in Vigo. In the Early Middle Ages , the small village of Vigo was part of the territory of Galician-speaking neighbouring towns, particularly Tui , and suffered several Viking attacks. However, its number of inhabitants was so small that, historically, it

2992-685: The Yellow-legged Gull (Larus cachinnans michahellis) is especially noteworthy; it is a migratory species, whose populational estimates in the Atlantic Islands of Galicia make up 7-15% of the population worldwide, and a third of the Spanish population; or the presence of the European Shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) , included in the category of Vulnerable in the Spanish Catalogue of Endangered Species and in

3080-738: The garrigue or maquis in the European Mediterranean Basin, the chaparral in California, the fynbos in South Africa , the mallee in Australia, and the matorral in Chile. Areas with this climate are also where the so-called "Mediterranean trinity" of major agricultural crops have traditionally been successfully grown ( wheat , grapes and olives ). As a result, these regions are notable for their high-quality wines, grapeseed/olive oils, and bread products. Under

3168-399: The oceanic climate " Cfb " and the warm-summer Mediterranean climate " Csb " according to the Köppen climate classification . Although Vigo is the rainiest city in Galicia, with its noticeable drying trend in the summer, Vigo's climate is more similar to the variant of the oceanic climate commonly seen in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The all-time record high for the city

3256-415: The subtropical ridge migrates towards the equator and leaves the area, making rainfall much more likely. As a result, areas with this climate receive almost all of their precipitation during their winter and spring seasons, and may go anywhere from four to six months during the summer and early fall without having any significant precipitation . In the lower latitudes, precipitation usually decreases in both

3344-604: The Andes in Northern Ecuador , Peru , Colombia , and Western Venezuela . The cold-summer subtype of the Mediterranean climate ( Csc ) is rare and predominantly found at scattered high-altitude locations along the west coasts of North and South America having a similar climate. This type is characterized by cool, dry summers, with less than four months with a mean temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F), as well as with cool, wet winters, with no winter month having

3432-628: The Association for Environmental and Consumer Education (ADEAC) awarded the blue flag distinction to the following 10 beaches in Vigo: Argazada, Canido, Carril, Fontaíña, Muíños de Fortiñón, Punta, Rodas, Samil , Tombo do Gato and Vao. Vigo is served by Vigo-Peinador Airport (VGO/LEVX). Located 12 kilometres to the east of the city of Vigo, straddling halfway the municipalities of Vigo, Redondela and Mos , it offers domestic and international destinations. A ferry service operates between

3520-631: The Galician Catalogue of Endangered Species, which in this territory has 1-3% of its worldwide population and 78% of its Spanish population. Regarding the mammals that inhabit the marine environments, a noteworthy fact is the presence of up to 27 species of cetaceans and pinnipeds. The most frequent species are the Common Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) , the Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) ,

3608-399: The Köppen classification, dry-summer climates ( Csa , Csb ) usually occur on the western sides of continents. Csb zones in the Köppen system include areas normally not associated with Mediterranean climates but with Oceanic climates, such as much of the Pacific Northwest , much of southern Chile , parts of west-central Argentina , and parts of New Zealand . Additional highland areas in

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3696-671: The Mediterranean Basin, chaparral in California, matorral in Chile, fynbos in South Africa, and mallee and kwongan shrublands in Australia. Mediterranean vegetation shows a number of adaptations to drought , grazing , and frequent fire regimes. The small sclerophyllous leaves that characterize many of the perennial shrubs of this biome, help conserve water and prevent nutrient loss. The soils generally are of low fertility , and many plants have mutualistic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria . Aquatic communities in Mediterranean climate regions are adapted to

3784-514: The Mediterranean climate typically experience hot, sometimes very hot and dry summers. Winters can be mild, cool or chilly, and some cities in this region receive somewhat regular snowfall (e.g. Kermanshah ), while others do not receive any (e.g. Casablanca ). Csa climates are mainly found around the Mediterranean Sea , southern Australia, southwestern South Africa , sections of Central Asia , northern sections of Iran and Iraq ,

3872-448: The Mediterranean climate, therefore it is also known as a "typical Mediterranean climate". As stated earlier, regions with this form of a Mediterranean climate experience average monthly temperatures in excess of 22.0 °C (71.6 °F) during its warmest month and an average in the coldest month between 18 and −3 °C (64 and 27 °F) or, in some applications, between 18 and 0 °C (64 and 32 °F). Regions with this form of

3960-519: The Pacific portions of the United States and Chile, extreme west areas of Argentina, around Cape Town in South Africa, parts of Southwest and South Australia , and parts of Central Asia . They tend to be found in proximity (both poleward and near the coast) of desert and semi-arid climates , and equatorward of oceanic climates . Mediterranean climate zones are typically located along

4048-533: The Port of Vigo and the towns of Cangas and Moaña as well as the Cíes Islands , 15 kilometres away from the city, part of the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park , the only National Park in Galicia, which includes Ons Island in the Pontevedra Bay . It additionally provides temporary docking for passing cruise ships. The Urzáiz and Guixar railway stations serve Vigo, allowing direct connections to

4136-530: The Vigo port. Access to Salvora and Cortegada is more restricted, requiring organized visits. There are no waste bins on the islands. Visitors are required to take their litter back to the mainland. In 2017, the number of visitors to the park totaled 327,149. The Cíes archipelago received by far the most tourists (216,975), followed by Ons (88,306), Sálvora (7,261) and Cortegada (6,500). The park has two visitor centers, one in Vigo and one in Ons. Additionally, Cíes

4224-706: The World Tuna Conference (biannually), Conxemar (annually), or the World Fishing Exhibition (which was held periodically from 1973 to 2009). Vigo is home of the European Fisheries Control Agency . Vigo is one of the leading industrial areas in Galicia, with a car factory, shipyards, and auxiliary industry in both automotive and marine sectors. Situated in Vigo since 1958, the Stellantis Plant

4312-431: The average annual precipitation must not exceed 900 mm (35 in), as well as satisfying Köppen's precipitation requirements. [Chile] has four months of winter, no more, and in them, except when there is a quarter moon, when it rains one or two days, all the other days have such a beautiful sunshine that is not necessary to resort to fire. The summer is so temperate, with delicious airs, that man can go all day under

4400-613: The bird species, those that are particularly significant due to their threat level are the European Storm Petrel (Hydrobates pelagicus) , whose nesting colony could make up 1% of the Spanish Atlantic population, or the overwintering Balearic Shearwater (Puffinus mauretanicus) and the Eurasian curlew (Numenius arquata) included in the Spanish Catalogue of Endangered Species as Endangered. The presence of

4488-585: The campus with the town. The majority of the students of the university come from Vigo itself and from other towns and villages in Galicia and can choose from a wide range of studies, with a focus on ocean studies and engineering. The University of Vigo was founded in 1990 as split from the University of Santiago de Compostela and has two additional campuses located in Pontevedra and Ourense . The Zamáns Campus features several buildings that constitute excellent examples of modern architecture that blends in with

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4576-719: The city was occupied for ten days by a British force . In 1808, the French Army annexed Spain to the Napoleonic Empire , although Vigo remained unconquered until January, 1809. Vigo was also the first city of Europe to be freed from French rule, in what is annually celebrated on March 28 as the Reconquista (reconquest from the French in the context of the Peninsular War ). In 1833, the city of Pontevedra

4664-523: The city's walls were built in 1656 in the reign of Philip IV of Spain . They are still partially preserved. At this time, and in spite of the attacks, Vigo developed its earliest commerce and was given several privileges by the kings of Spain. In 1702, the Battle of Vigo Bay occurred, and in 1719, because a Spanish fleet which departed from Vigo attempted to invade Scotland in support of the Jacobites ,

4752-434: The cold current has a stabilizing effect on the surrounding air, further reducing the chances for rain, but often causing thick layers of marine fog that usually evaporates by mid-day. Similar to desert climates, in many Mediterranean climates there is a strong diurnal character to daily temperatures in the warm summer months due to strong solar heating during the day from sunlight and rapid cooling at night. In winter,

4840-577: The data provided by the INE on 1 January 2021 - it had a population of 545,892 inhabitants in total, of which 296,692 lived in the municipality of Vigo, which represented 54.34% of the total population of the metropolitan area. In 2019, 15,319 foreigners lived in the city, 5.2% of the total population. The main nationalities are Portuguese (12%), Venezuelans (9.2%), Brazilians (9%), Romanians (7.5%), Colombians (6.5%), Senegalese (4%) and Chinese people (3%). By language, according to 2013 data, 7.68% of

4928-532: The entrance of the Ría de Vigo and comprise the islands Monteagudo, Montefaro and San Martiño. The 8,480 ha of the national park are distributed as follows: The geological history of the islands dates back to the Palaeozoic era , when the geological materials which currently form the land and marine areas of the park were formed. The geological composition of the Archipelagos of Cíes, Ons and Sálvora

5016-557: The freezing point and snow is generally seldom seen. Summer temperatures can be cool to very hot, depending on the distance from a large body of water, elevation, and latitude, among other factors. Strong winds from inland desert regions can sometimes boost summer temperatures up, quickly increasing the risk of wildfires . Notable exceptions to the usual proximity from bodies of water, thus featuring extremely high summer temperatures and cooler winters, include south-eastern Turkey and northern Iraq ( Urfa , Erbil ), surrounded by hot deserts to

5104-556: The inside of the estuary close to the coast, presents an oceanic climate, with a rainfall of 2000 mm/year. The average annual temperature oscillates in a range of 13-15 °C with little seasonal variability, with dominant winds from the North in the summer months and from the Southwest in winter. This sea-land ecosystem has a laurel forest and over 200 species of seaweed . It also stands out for its shellfish, corals and anemones. Among

5192-706: The interior of northern California west of the Sierra Nevada , along the Wasatch Front in Utah , and inland areas of southern Oregon west of the Cascade Mountains . Southern California's coasts also experience hot summers due to the shielding effect of the Channel Islands . However, unshielded areas of that coastline can have warm-summer Mediterranean climates with hot-summer areas just

5280-456: The islands . Ons Island is still home to a small permanent population of 63 people. In 1980 the Cíes Islands were declared a natural park. They are also a Special Protection Area for birds. On June 13, 2002 was declared a national park. However, 6 months later, the oil spill caused by the Prestige oil tanker came on its shores, except on the island of Cortegada . The islands of Lobeiras and Sisargas were initially discussed to be part of

5368-406: The islands of the park present a sub-humid mediterranean climate of Atlantic tendency. Rain is less abundant than in the nearby coast due to the low altitude of the islands, which represents a minimal obstacle for passing clouds. The annual precipitation in Cíes is 1,000 mm/year, while Ons and Sálvora receive 1,500 mm/year. In the summer, precipitation becomes rare. Cortegada, due to its location in

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5456-410: The islands since the Iron Age. Ceramics have also been found since Roman times. The islands were occupied by various monastic orders during the Middle Ages, were owned by the Church, gauged by nobles of the time and attacked by invaders who used them as a base for raids on the coast. More recently, the Cíes Islands were inhabited until the eighteenth century, but by pirates' action, people had to abandon

5544-432: The lowland areas, temperatures which can sometimes prohibit the growth of typical cold-sensitive Mediterranean plants. Some Spanish authors opt to use the term 'continental Mediterranean climate' ( Clima Mediterráneo Continentalizado ) for some regions with lower temperatures in winter than the coastal areas, but Köppen's Cs zones show no distinction as long as winter temperature means stay above freezing. Additionally,

5632-506: The most important centre of the Galician canned and processed fish industries. The fishing sector in Vigo generates more than 32,000 direct and indirect jobs and a turnover of more than 1 billion euros per year. More than 660 fishing vessels are registered in the port of Vigo, making it one of the main ports for the marketing of fresh fish for human consumption in the world, with around 800,000 tonnes per year. Vigo regularly hosts congresses and trade fairs related to industrial fishing, such as

5720-540: The name Vigo is derived from the Latin word vicus spacorum , meaning "small village". The standard pronunciation of Vigo in both Galician and Spanish is [ˈbiɣo] . Vigo has been given the nickname cidade olívica (city of olives). It is said that, after the conflict between Isabel de Castilla and Juana la Beltraneja - where Galician nobility fought for the latter - the victor ordered all of Galicia's olive trees to be cut down, as they symbolized peace. The tree in Vigo however, could not be uprooted as it

5808-431: The national park and could be added to the park in the future. During the summer, daily boats link Cíes with the ports of Vigo , Baiona and Cangas , and Ons with Portonovo , Sanxenxo , Bueu , Marín and Pontevedra . Daily affluence is limited and all visitors are required to previously book an authorization request from the Galician Government. In Cíes there is a camping area but permissions have to be reserved at

5896-402: The north. Urban transport is provided by buses by Vitrasa Transportation. Vigo is characterized by a diversified economy linked to the fishing sector, industry, trade, tourism and services. It is often considered with A Coruña one of the economic and industrial engines of Galicia. Vigo is the home port of many of the world's largest fishing companies, such as Pescanova and Iberconsa and

5984-440: The ocean, altitude and geographical location. The dry summer climate is found throughout the warmer middle latitudes , affecting almost exclusively the western portions of continents in relative proximity to the coast. The climate type's name is in reference to the coastal regions of the Mediterranean Sea , which mostly share this type of climate, but it can also be found in the Atlantic portions of Iberia and Northwest Africa,

6072-703: The population spoke exclusively in Galician , and 51.39% in Spanish; 11.38% spoke in Galician more often than Spanish, and 29.55% more often in Spanish than Galician. This made Vigo the least Galician-speaking city in Galicia. The creation of Vigo metropolitan area was approved in 2016 and, in addition to Vigo, it originally accounted for the following 13 municipalities: Baiona , Cangas , Fornelos de Montes , Gondomar , Moaña , Mos , Nigrán , Pazos de Borbén , O Porriño , Redondela , Salceda de Caselas , Salvaterra de Miño and Soutomaior . It has been however suspended since its creation. The European Union 's Directorate-General for Regional and Urban Policy assigns Vigo

6160-438: The precipitation pattern (" s " represents dry summers). Köppen has defined a dry summer month as a month with less than 30 mm (1.2 in) of precipitation and as a month within the high-sun months of April to September, in the case of the Northern Hemisphere and October to March, in the case of the Southern Hemisphere, and it also must contain exactly or less than one-third that of the wettest winter month. Some, however, use

6248-415: The reason for this cooler type of Mediterranean climate. The other main reason for this cooler type is the altitude . For instance, Menton on the French coast has a Csa climate while Castellar, Alpes-Maritimes , the adjacent town just north of Menton, with an altitude between 100 and 1,382 m (328 and 4,534 ft), has a Csb climate instead. The village of Siah Bisheh in Northern Iran also has

6336-650: The recent effects of climate change . The native vegetation of Mediterranean climate lands must be adapted to survive long, hot summer droughts in summer and prolonged wet periods in winter. Mediterranean vegetation examples include the following: Many native vegetations in Mediterranean climate area valleys have been cleared for agriculture and farming. In places such as the Sacramento Valley and Oxnard Plain in California , draining marshes and estuaries combined with supplemental irrigation has led to

6424-535: The rest of Galicia as well as to Porto across the border in Portugal. European route E01 goes through the town. This highway goes south through Lisbon and north to the A Coruña area. The A-52 road goes inland, east to Ourense and Madrid from O Porriño . A branch of the AP-9 Motorway connects Vigo to Portugal in the south and with Pontevedra , Santiago de Compostela , A Coruña and Ferrol in

6512-402: The shape of the mountain in which it is located. These buildings were projected by the likes of Enric Miralles , Alfonso Penelas, Pilar Díez y Alberto Noguerol César Portela, Gabriel Santos Zas and César Padrón. Vigo, as a Galician city, has two official languages: Galician and Spanish , the latter being the most used nowadays. A movida viguesa was a hedonistic cultural movement akin to

6600-419: The south and mountains to the north. Those places routinely experience summer daily means of over 30 °C (86 °F) and daily highs above 40 °C (104 °F), while receiving enough rainfall in winter not to fall into arid or semi-arid classifications. As in every climatologic domain, the highland locations of the Mediterranean domain can present cooler temperatures in the summer and winter than

6688-546: The south coast of England such as Weymouth and Portland just scrape into this climate classification due to very low rainfall in July. A trend towards slightly drier summers during the 1971–2000 climate average period, meant that this classification previously extended slightly further to include a few other weather stations in southern England, such as Bognor Regis and Teignmouth . Rarer instances of this climate can be found in relatively small and isolated high altitude areas of

6776-743: The subtropics also meet Cs requirements, though they, too, are not normally associated with Mediterranean climates. The same goes for a number of oceanic islands such as Madeira , the Juan Fernández Islands , the western part of the Canary Islands , and the eastern part of the Azores . Under Trewartha 's modified Köppen climate classification, the two major requirements for a Cs climate are revised. Under Trewartha's system, at least eight months must have average temperatures of 10 °C (50 °F) or higher ( subtropical ), and

6864-537: The sun. Poleward extension and expansion of the subtropical anticyclone over the oceans bring subsiding air to the region in summer, with clear skies and high temperatures. When the anticyclone moves Equator-ward in winter, it is replaced by traveling, frontal cyclones with their attendant precipitation. During summer, regions of the Mediterranean climate are strongly influenced by the subtropical ridge which keeps atmospheric conditions very dry with minimal cloud coverage. In some areas, such as coastal California ,

6952-461: The temperature and rainfall pattern for a Csa or even a Csb climate can exist as a microclimate in some high-altitude locations adjacent to a rare tropical As ( tropical savanna climate with dry summers, typically in a rainshadow region, as in Hawaii). These have a favourable climate, with mild wet winters and fairly warm, dry summers. The Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome

7040-702: The tropics, on Haleakalā Summit in Hawaii. In South America, Csc regions can be found along the Andes in Chile and Argentina. The town of Balmaceda, Chile is one of the few towns confirmed to have this climate. Small areas with a Csc climate can be found at high elevations in Corsica . In Norway, the small fishing village of Røstlandet , in Røst Municipality , above the Arctic Circle has

7128-452: The western coasts of landmasses, between roughly 30 and 45 degrees north or south of the equator . The main cause of Mediterranean, or dry summer, climate is the subtropical ridge , which extends towards the pole of the hemisphere in question during the summer and migrates towards the equator during the winter. This is due to the seasonal poleward-equatorward variations of temperatures. The resulting vegetation of Mediterranean climates are

7216-541: The winter and summer due to higher evapotranspiration . Toward the polar latitudes, total moisture usually increases; for instance, the Mediterranean climate in Southern Europe has more rain. The rainfall also tends to be more evenly distributed throughout the year in Southern Europe, while in places such as Southern California , the summer is nearly or completely dry. In places where evapotranspiration

7304-410: The winter, with frost and snowfall almost unknown, whereas Tashkent has cold winters with annual frosts and snowfall; or, to consider summer, Seville experiences rather high temperatures in that season. In contrast, San Francisco has cool summers with daily highs around 21 °C (70 °F) due to the continuous upwelling of cold subsurface waters along the coast. Because most regions with

7392-554: The year for climate zones at such distances from coasts. In North America, areas with Csc climate can be found in the Olympic , Cascade , Klamath , and Sierra Nevada ranges in Washington, Oregon and California. These locations are found at high altitude nearby lower altitude regions characterized by a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csb ) or hot-summer Mediterranean climate ( Csa ). A rare instance of this climate occurs in

7480-455: Was completely wiped out in several locations and has repopulated only partially, while the annual reproductive success of the European shag was reduced by more than half. Warm-summer Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( / ˌ m ɛ d ɪ t ə ˈ r eɪ n i ən / MED -ih-tə- RAY -nee-ən ), also called a dry summer climate , described by Köppen as Cs , is

7568-422: Was designated the provincial capital of the province of Pontevedra , within which lies Vigo. Vigo grew very rapidly in the 20th century, thanks to the fact that the Spanish government granted it a free trade zone in 1947 to encourage international trade and economic development in southern Galicia. Vigo's urban area is built on both a hill-fort ( Castro ) and a Roman settlement. It is generally accepted that

7656-463: Was not considered a real town until around the 15th century, when the earliest records began. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the city was attacked several times. In 1585 and 1589, during an unsuccessful attack by the English counter-Armada, Francis Drake raided the city and temporarily occupied it, burning many buildings. Several decades later a Turkish fleet tried to attack the city. As a result,

7744-413: Was planted in sacred ground . The tree is represented in the city seal, and a descendant of it is still alive in Vigo's city centre. To the northeast, Vigo borders the municipality of Redondela ; to the east, Mos ; to the south, O Porriño and Gondomar ; and to the southwest, Nigrán . On the other side of the bay are the municipalities of Cangas and Moaña . Vigo has a transitional climate between

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