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42-532: The village of Virum is first mentioned in a papal letter from 1186 but is no doubt considerably older. The name "an open place which is easy to defend" ( vigi : "easily defendable place" and -rum: open place). In the letter, Pope Clement III gives the Virum as well as many other villages in the area to Bishop Absalon . Absalon soon ceded the villages to the Bishopric of Roskilde . The Bishop of Roskilde constructed

84-560: A comprehensive chronicle of the history of the Danes. In 1171, Absalon issued the "Zealand church law" ( Danish : Sjællandske Kirkelov ), which reduced the number of Canonical Law offenses for which the church could fine the public, while instituting the tithe payment system. Violation of the law was specified as subject to a secular legal process. Archbishop Eskil returned from exile in 1167. Eskil agreed on canonizing Valdemar's father Knud Lavard in 1170, with Absalon assisting him at

126-520: A legacy as the foremost politician and churchfather of Denmark in the 12th century. Absalon was equally great as churchman, statesman, and warrior. His policy of expansion was to give Denmark the dominion of the Baltic for three generations. That he enjoyed warfare there can be no doubt; yet he was not like the ordinary fighting bishops of the Middle Ages , whose sole indication of their religious role

168-531: A number of museums, including Sorø Museum , Sorø Art Museum , and the Hauch Collection at Sorø Academy. In addition, there are many historical buildings in the town; the Abbey gate dates to the 1160s. Over the course of its early history, the town was referred to as Sora , Soor , Soram , Soræ , Zore , and Soerøe . The spelling Sorø has been in use since the 15th century. Its name is derived from

210-484: A single room in one of the academy's buildings. It wasn't until 1845 that a town hall was built in the city's central square. The original town hall burned down in 1879, and a larger hall took its place, constructed in neo-gothic style. In 1856, the Copenhagen–Fredericia/Taulov Line was constructed through Sorø, increasing traffic to the town. In contrast to most other Danish towns, the arrival of

252-422: A strong monarchical power. Absalon was born into the powerful Hvide clan, and owned great land possessions. He endowed several church institutions, most prominently his family's Sorø Abbey . He was granted lands by the crown, and built the first fortification of the city that evolved into modern-day Copenhagen . His titles were passed on to his nephews Anders Sunesen and Peder Sunesen . He died in 1201, and

294-541: Is a town in Sorø municipality on the island of Zealand in east Denmark with a population of 8,400 (2024). It lies on the northeastern shore of Sorø Lake . The municipal council and the regional council are located in Sorø. The town was founded in the 12th century by Bishop Absalon , as a Cistercian Abbey. The site also contained Sorø Klosterkirke , the church where Bishop Absalon and Margaret I of Denmark were buried (she

336-637: Is served by the B trains. Brede railway station in the eastern outskirts of Virum is served by the Lokaltog service on the Nærum Line between Jægersborg in the south and Nærum to the north. Absalon Absalon ( c.  1128  – 21 March 1201) was a Danish statesman and prelate of the Catholic Church who served as the bishop of Roskilde from 1158 to 1192 and archbishop of Lund from 1178 until his death. He

378-675: The Holy Roman Empire . Absalon reformed the Danish church organisation to closer match Holy See praxis , and worked to keep Denmark a close ally of the Holy See. However, during the schism between Pope Alexander III and Antipope Victor IV , Absalon stayed loyal to Valdemar even as he joined the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in supporting Victor IV. This caused a split within

420-556: The peasantry , and instituted tithes. He was a harsh and effective ruler, who cleared all Orthodox Christian liturgical remnants in favour of Papal standards. A rebellion in the Scanian peasantry forced him to flee to Zealand in 1180, but he returned and subdued the Scanians with the help of Valdemar. Valdemar died in 1182 and was succeeded by his son, Canute VI , whom Absalon also served as counsellor. Under Canute VI, Absalon

462-462: The three-field system . The marchy land down towards Furesøen was grazed by livestock. In 1682, it consisted of 13 farms, three houses with land and 14 houses without land. The modern suburb was planned in connection with the conversion of the North Line into an S-train line. Virum railway station opened in 1936. The ambition was to create a healthy, well-functioning suburb with a population

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504-574: The Abbey, apart from Fjenneslev which went to Esbern Snarre. He had already given Copenhagen to the Bishopric of Roskilde. Absalon was interred at Sorø Abbey , and was succeeded as Archbishop of Lund by Anders Sunesen. Saxo Grammaticus' Gesta Danorum was not finished until after the death of Absalon, but Absalon was one of the chief heroic figures of the chronicle, which was to be the main source of knowledge about early Danish history. Absalon left

546-604: The Benedictine order as they were ill-equipped to run the monastery grounds, and the Cistercians had more experience with land management. Sorø Abbey became the largest and wealthiest monastic site in Denmark, complete with a school for the training of clergy. The abbey's status, however, did not last. By the time of the reformation in 1536, the monastery was used exclusively as a retirement home for monks . Sorø

588-620: The Danish crusades against the Wends . During the Danish civil war, Denmark had been open to coastal raids by the Wends. It was Absalon's intention to clear the Baltic Sea of the Wendish pirates who inhabited its southern littoral zone , which was later called Pomerania . The pirates had raided the Danish coasts during the civil war of Sweyn III, Canute V, and Valdemar, to the point where at

630-515: The Danish church, as it possibly forced Eskil of Lund into exile around 1161, despite Abaslon's attempts to keep the Danish church united. It was contrary to Absalon's advice and warnings that Valdemar I rendered fealty to the emperor Frederick Barbarossa at Dole in 1162. When Valdemar returned to Denmark, he was convinced to strengthen the Danevirke fortifications at the German border, with

672-431: The Danish fleet. But he continued to keep a watchful eye over the Baltic, and in 1170 destroyed another pirate stronghold, farther eastward, at Dziwnów on the isle of Wolin . Absalon's last military exploit came in 1184, off Stralsund at Whitsun , when he soundly defeated a Pomeranian fleet that had attacked Denmark's vassal, Jaromar of Rügen . Absalon's main political goal was to free Denmark from entanglements with

714-411: The Wends and an all but impregnable stronghold. But the unexpected fall of Arkona had terrified the garrison, which surrendered unconditionally at the first appearance of the Danish ships. Absalon, with only Bishop Sweyn of Aarhus and twelve " housecarls ", thereupon disembarked, passed between a double row of Wendish warriors, 6000 strong, along the narrow path winding among the morasses, to the gates of

756-580: The Wends, sometimes with the help of German duke Henry the Lion , sometimes in opposition to him. In 1168 the chief Wendish fortress at Arkona in Rügen , containing the sanctuary of their god Svantevit , was conquered . The Wends agreed to accept Danish suzerainty and the Christian religion at the same time. From Arkona, Absalon proceeded by sea to Charenza , in the midst of Rügen, the political capital of

798-616: The accession of Valdemar one-third of Denmark lay wasted and depopulated. Absalon formed a guardian fleet, built coastal defenses, and led several campaigns against the Wends. He even advocated forgiving the earlier enemies of Valdemar, which helped stabilize Denmark internally. The first expedition against the Wends conducted by Absalon in person, set out in 1160. These expeditions were successful, but brought no lasting victories. What started out as mere retribution, eventually evolved into full-fledged campaigns of expansion with religious motives. In 1164 began twenty years of crusades against

840-414: The administrative center in the region. It was made the administrative seat of the former Sorø Country in 1798, and then of West Zealand County . Following the municipal reform of 2007 , Sorø became the seat of the newly formed Sorø Municipality . Sorø is located on the main line Copenhagen–Fredericia railway line from Copenhagen to Funen and Jutland . Sorø railway station is located south of

882-420: The area still preferred to travel to older markets to trade their harvests, and so the town struggled to maintain a significant trade. As a result, until the mid-19th century, Sorø was mostly populated by craftsmen, schoolchildren, and the academy's faculty. The city's survival was highly dependent on the academy, which is demonstrated by the fact that, for much of its history, the city's government operated out of

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924-572: The building on the southeastern corner. The same building also contained an Irma supermarket. Frederiksdal Castle is located in Virum. Its main building was built from 1744–45 and was used as a summer residence for Foreign Affairs, Privy Councilor Johan Sigismund Schulin. The Schulin Family still owns the estate. Virum railway station is located on the Hillerød radial of the S-train network and

966-747: The canon William of Æbelholt at the Abbey of St Genevieve , whom he later made abbot of Eskilsø Abbey . Absalon first appears in Saxo Grammaticus 's contemporary chronicle Gesta Danorum at the end of the civil war, in the brokering of the peace agreement between Sweyn III and Valdemar at St. Alban's Priory in Odense . He was a guest at the subsequent Roskilde banquet given in 1157 by Sweyn for his rivals Canute V and Valdemar. Both Absalon and Valdemar narrowly escaped assassination by Sweyn on this occasion, and escaped to Jutland , whither Sweyn followed them. Absalon probably did not take part in

1008-604: The castle of his father, and was brought up alongside his older brother Esbern Snare and the young prince Valdemar, who later became King Valdemar I of Denmark . During the civil war following the death of Eric III of Denmark in 1146, Absalon travelled abroad to study theology in Paris , while Esbern fought for Valdemar's ascension to the throne. In Paris, he was influenced by the Gregorian Reform ideals of churchly independence from monarchical rule. He also befriended

1050-525: The feast. When Eskil stepped down as Archbishop of Lund in 1177, he chose Absalon as his successor. Absalon initially resisted the new position, as he did not want to lose his power position on Zealand, but complied with Papal orders to do so in 1178. By a unique Papal dispensation, Absalon was allowed to simultaneously maintain his post as Bishop of Roskilde. As the Archbishop of Lund, Absalon utilized ombudsmen from Zealand, demanded unfree labour from

1092-487: The following battle of Grathe Heath in 1157, where Sweyn was defeated and slain. This led to Valdemar ascending to the Danish throne. On Good Friday 1158, bishop Asser of Roskilde  [ Wikidata ] died, and Absalon was eventually elected bishop of Roskilde on Zealand with the help of Valdemar, as the king's reward for Hvide family support. Absalon was a close counsellor of Valdemar, and chief promoter of

1134-429: The fortress, and, proceeding to the temple of the seven-headed god Rugievit , caused the idol to be hewn down, dragged forth and burnt. The whole population of Garz was then baptized, and Absalon laid the foundations of twelve churches in the isle of Rügen. Rügen was then subjected to Absalon's Bishopric of Roskilde. The destruction of this chief sally-port of the Wendish pirates enabled Absalon to considerably reduce

1176-436: The land around the city of Havn (English: "Harbour"), and built there a castle for coastal defense against the Wends. Havn quickly expanded into one of Scandinavia 's most important centers of trade, and eventually evolved into modern-day Copenhagen . It was also Absalon who held the first Danish Synod at Lund in 1167. He was interested in history and culture, and commissioned Saxo Grammaticus to write Gesta Danorum ,

1218-404: The later king Valdemar II . He instead confined himself to the administration of the Danish empire. In 1192, Absalon made his nephew Peder Sunesen  [ da ] his successor as Bishop of Roskilde, while his other nephew Anders Sunesen was named the chancellor of Canute VI. Absalon died at Sorø Abbey on 21 March 1201, 73 years old, with his last will granting his personal holdings to

1260-433: The neighboring lake (Danish: Sorø Sø ), and means "the damp lake" or "the muddy lake." The name has been Latinized as Sora . The site of Sorø was first settled c. 1140, following the establishment of a Benedictine monastery by Jarl Asser Rig on the site. However, the initial Benedictine order was replaced by the jarl's son, bishop Absalon , with an order of Cistercians in 1161. Allegedly, Absalon choose to replace

1302-404: The railway did not result in a significant increase in industrialisation, and the town remained dominated by the academy, and other schools which had been founded in the area. The population of Sorø did expand as a result of the railway, however. In 1855 the town had a population of just 1,033, which had grown to 2,241 by 1901, and 4,881 in 1921. Significant expansion of the town took place towards

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1344-411: The size of a medium large Danish provincial town. The centre of the new suburb was Virum Torv, a mixed-use development centred on a roundabout next to the station. It contained retail space, service functions and apartments. Its northeastern corner was completed in 1939, its southeastern corner in 1943 and its southwestern corner less than a year later. A cinema, Virum Bio, was from the beginning located in

1386-560: The small castle Hjortholm at the site in c.  1250 . The castle was destroyed during the Count's Feud in 1535. Frederick III took over the estate in 1668. He renamed it Frederiksdal and constructed a small hunting lodge at the site. The village of Virum was located where Virumgade is today. It belonged to the parish of Lyngby. The land was divided into three areas called "Geelsvang", "Mellemvang" and "Høftevang" which were subdivided into fields and crops were rotated in accordance with

1428-552: The south, near the station, which has today become the district of Frederiksberg. Though the town's population had stagnated during World War II and its immediate aftermath, it began to grow again in the 1960s and 70s. Its continued expansion in the later 20th century may be the result of increasing desire to move to suburban areas. In 1993, the Vestmotorvej opened, passing close to Sorø, which made it an increasingly attractive commuter town . Sorø has maintained its status as

1470-519: The support of Absalon. Absalon built churches and monasteries, supporting international religious orders like the Cistercians and Augustinians , founding schools and doing his utmost to promote civilization and enlightenment. In 1162, Absalon transformed the Sorø Abbey of his family from Benedictine to Cistercian, granting it lands from his personal holdings. In 1167, Absalon was granted

1512-489: The town was formally given market town status to provide housing for the academy's faculty. The school's first independent buildings were constructed in 1747 following the bequest of most of Ludvig Holberg 's estate to the academy. The forests, lakes, and marshes which surround Sorø made it difficult to establish trade routes through the settlement. A small urban community with a number of craftsmen had grown in Sorø following its market town privileges, but most farmers in

1554-402: Was allowed to remain a Protestant monastery to administer its large land possessions. In 1586, King Frederik II formally abolished the monastery, foundeding a boarding school on the site for the boys of the bourgeoisie and nobility, which eventually became known as Sorø Academy . In 1638, Christian IV established a knight's academy near the initial school for the education of his sons , and

1596-451: Was interred at Sorø Abbey. Absalon was born around 1128 near Sorø , Zealand . Due to his name being unusual in Denmark, it is speculated that he was baptized on the Danish "Absalon" name day , 30 October. He was the son of Asser Rig , a magnate of the Hvide clan from Fjenneslev on Zealand , and Inger Eriksdotter . He was also a kinsman of Archbishop Eskil of Lund . He grew up at

1638-409: Was later moved to Roskilde Domkirke ). In the 16th century, the Abbey was converted into a school, which became Sorø Academy . Despite the construction of a rail line through the town in the mid-19th century, the academy remained the core of the settlement, and Sorø has limited industry. Today, Sorø is a commuter town, as much of its population works in either greater Copenhagen or Roskilde. Sorø has

1680-517: Was the chief policymaker in Danish politics. Absalon kept his hostile attitude to the Holy Roman Empire. On the accession of Canute VI in 1182, an imperial ambassador arrived at Roskilde to get the new king to swear fealty to Frederick Barbarossa, but Absalon resolutely withstood him. When Absalon retired from military service in 1184 at the age of fifty-seven, he resigned the command of fleets and armies to younger men, like Duke Valdemar,

1722-548: Was the foremost politician and church father of Denmark in the second half of the 12th century, and was the closest advisor of King Valdemar I of Denmark . He was a key figure in the Danish policies of territorial expansion in the Baltic Sea , Europeanization in close relationship with the Holy See , and reform in the relation between the Church and the public. He combined the ideals of Gregorian Reform with loyal support of

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1764-455: Was to avoid the shedding of blood by using a mace in battle instead of a sword. Absalon never neglected his ecclesiastical duties. In the 2000s, "Absalon" was adopted as the name for a class of Royal Danish Navy vessels, and the lead vessel of the class. HDMS Absalon (L16) and Esbern Snare (L17) were launched and commissioned by Denmark in 2004 and 2005. Sor%C3%B8 Sorø ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈsoːˌʁœˀ] )

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