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74-507: The X-T3 is capable of recording video in 4K resolution up to 60 fps . The X-T3 is intended to be sold new either as the camera body only, or with the 18-55 mm lens. The camera is available in 2 colors, black and silver and is styled after an SLR camera. The X-T4 , which was announced on February 26, 2020, is the successor to the X-T3. However, the X-T3 continued to be offered even after the X-T4

148-727: A nonlinear transfer function for gamma correction that is the same nonlinear transfer function that is used by Rec. 709 , except that its parameters are (for 12 bit only) given with higher precision: E ′ = { 4.5 E 0 ≤ E < β α E 0.45 − ( α − 1 ) β ≤ E ≤ 1 {\displaystyle E^{\prime }={\begin{cases}4.5E&0\leq E<\beta \,\!\\\alpha \,\!E^{0.45}-(\alpha \,\!-1)&\beta \,\!\leq E\leq 1\end{cases}}} The standard says that for practical purposes,

222-577: A 16:9 aspect ratio is the dominant 4K standard, whereas the movie projection industry uses 4096 ×  2160 ( DCI 4K). The 4K television market share increased as prices fell dramatically throughout 2013 and 2014. The term "4K" is generic and refers to any resolution with a horizontal pixel count of approximately 4,000. Several different 4K resolutions have been standardized by various organizations. The terms "4K" and "Ultra HD" are used more widely in marketing than "2160p". While typically referring to motion pictures, some digital camera vendors have used

296-813: A 25 Mbit/s connection. In late 2015 and January 2016, three of Canada's television providers – including Quebec -based Vidéotron , Ontario-based Rogers Cable , and Bell Fibe TV , announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes that can stream 4K content to subscribers over gigabit internet service. On October 5, 2015, alongside the announcement of its 4K set-top box and gigabit internet, Canadian media conglomerate Rogers Communications announced that it planned to produce 101 sports telecasts in 4K in 2016 via its Sportsnet division, including all Toronto Blue Jays home games, and "marquee" National Hockey League games beginning in January 2016. Bell Media announced via its TSN division

370-401: A 4K feed, with its first broadcast being the 2015 FA Community Shield football match. Two production units were used, producing the traditional broadcast in high-definition, and a separate 4K broadcast. As the network did not want to mix 4K footage with upconverted HD footage, this telecast did not feature traditional studio segments at pre-game or half-time, but those hosted from the stadium by

444-615: A TV, monitor, or projector with the following characteristics: The CEA definition does allow manufacturers to use other terms—such as 4K —alongside the Ultra HD logo. Since the resolution in CEA's definition is only a minimum requirement, displays with higher resolutions such as 4096 × 2160 or 5120 × 2880 also qualify as "Ultra HD" displays, provided they meet the other requirements. Some 4K resolutions, like 3840 × 2160 , are often casually referred to as 2160p . This name follows from

518-537: A firmware upgrade that added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to their EOS C500 and EOS C500 PL camera models and their DP-V3010 4K display. On September 5, 2014, the Blu-ray Disc Association revealed that the future 4K Blu-ray Disc format will support 4K UHD (3840 x 2160 resolution) video at frame rates up to 60 fps. The standard will encode videos under

592-618: A flash unit. SENSOR : EXR CMOS | Bayer CMOS | X-Trans | X-Trans II | X-Trans III | X-Trans 4 | X-Trans 5 VIDEO: 15 4K 15p , 4K , 6K , 8K   ⋅   SCREEN : Flip , Articulating , Touchscreen   ⋅   BODY FEATURE: In-Body Image Stabilization , Weather Sealed 4K resolution 4K resolution refers to a horizontal display resolution of approximately 4,000 pixels . Digital television and digital cinematography commonly use several different 4K resolutions. In television and consumer media, 3840 ×  2160 ( 4K UHD ) with

666-412: A fringe on one side of red, on the other of green—except that the fringe takes on another color as the next line of pixels overlaps too. 4K UHD or 1080p pixel shifting cannot reveal the fine detail of a true 4K projector such as those Sony ships in the business, education, and home markets. JVC has one true 4K at $ 35,000 (in mid-2017) and another for $ 120,000. While projecting UHD, it might look as though

740-503: A laser allows for generating almost monochromatic light. The NHK stated that at the time it was announced this 4K LCD has the widest color gamut of any display in the world. On June 17, 2015, Digital Projection International presented a 4K LED projector with support for the Rec. 2020 color space. On January 4, 2016, the UHD Alliance announced their specifications for Ultra HD Premium which includes support for

814-710: A little over 70 movie and television titles via digital download to a specialized player that stores and decodes the video. The large files (≈40   GB), distributed through consumer broadband connections, raise concerns about data caps. In 2014, Netflix began streaming House of Cards , Breaking Bad , and "some nature documentaries" at 4K to compatible televisions with an HEVC decoder. Most 4K televisions sold in 2013 did not natively support HEVC, with most major manufacturers announcing support in 2014. Amazon Studios began shooting their full-length original series and new pilots with 4K resolution in 2014. They are now currently available though Amazon Video . In March 2016

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888-441: A maximum upload resolution of 4096 × 3072 pixels (12.6 megapixels, aspect ratio 4:3). Vimeo's 4K content is currently limited to mostly nature documentaries and tech coverage. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC or H.265) should allow streaming 4K content with a bandwidth of 20 to 30 Mbit/s . In January 2014, Naughty America launched the first adult video service streaming in 4K. On February 11, 2024, Super Bowl LVIII

962-429: A much lower price than native 4K projectors. This technology of non-native 4K had its fourth generation in 2016. JVC further used the same technology to provide 8K flight simulation for Boeing that met the limits of 20/25 visual acuity. The first pixel-shifted 4K UHD projectors adopted by the market are Optoma, BenQ, Dell, et al., for those adopt a 2718×1528 pixel structure. The amount of data these projectors process

1036-528: A result of leading manufacturers producing 4K cameras. Users could view 4K video by selecting "Original" from the quality settings until December 2013, when the 2160p option appeared in the quality menu. In November 2013, YouTube began to use the VP9 video compression standard, saying that it was more suitable for 4K than High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). Google , which owns YouTube, developed VP9. Theaters began projecting movies at 4K resolution in 2011. Sony

1110-600: A slate of 4K telecasts to begin on January 20, 2016, including selected Toronto Raptors games and regional NHL games. On January 14, 2016, in cooperation with BT Sport, Sportsnet broadcast the first ever NBA game produced in 4K – a Toronto Raptors / Orlando Magic game at O2 Arena in London , England . On January 20, also during a Raptors game, TSN presented the first live 4K telecast produced in North America. Three days later, Sportsnet presented

1184-582: Is 630  nm for the red primary color, 532 nm for the green primary color, and 467 nm for the blue primary color. In coverage of the CIE 1931 color space , the Rec. 2020 color space covers 75.8%, the Adobe RGB color space covers 52.1%, the DCI-P3 digital cinema color space covers 45.5%, and the Rec. 709 color space covers 35.9%. During the development of the Rec. 2020 color space it

1258-464: Is currently focusing on the implementation of the UHD-1 standard. DVB finalized UHD-1 Phase 2 in 2016, with the introduction of service by broadcasters expected in 2017. UHD-1 Phase 2 adds features such as high dynamic range (using HLG and PQ at 10 or 12 bits), wide color gamut ( BT. 2020 / 2100 colorimetry), and high frame rate (up to 120   Hz). YouTube, since 2010, and Vimeo allow

1332-569: Is more popular in the TV market due to the supposed 4K UHD marketed resolution but still being incapable of achieving true 4K UHD resolution as defined by the CTA as 3840x2160 active pixels with 8-bit per color. This negatively impacts the rendering of text, making it a bit fuzzier, which is especially noticeable when a TV is used as a PC monitor. In 2019, Sony was granted the CinemaWide trademark by

1406-418: Is most commonly used in reference to the 4K UHDTV resolution of 3840 × 2160 due to its association with the well-known 720p and 1080p HDTV formats. Although 3840 × 2160 is both a 4K resolution and a 2160p resolution, these terms cannot always be used interchangeably since not all 4K resolutions are 2160 pixels tall, and not all 2160p resolutions are ≈4000 pixels wide. However, some companies have begun using

1480-643: Is sometimes referred to as "2160p", based on the naming patterns established by the previous 720p and 1080p HDTV standards. Rec. 2020 ITU-R Recommendation BT.2020 , more commonly known by the abbreviations Rec. 2020 or BT.2020 , defines various aspects of ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) with standard dynamic range (SDR) and wide color gamut (WCG), including picture resolutions , frame rates with progressive scan , bit depths , color primaries , RGB and luma-chroma color representations , chroma subsamplings , and an opto-electronic transfer function . The first version of Rec. 2020

1554-438: Is true 4K, but they overlap the pixels, which is what pixel shifting is. In fact, each of those pixels is far larger. In fact, each one has 50% more area than true 4K. Pixel shifting projectors. This way, they project a pixel and shift it up to the right by a half diameter and project it again with modified data—the second pixel overlaid on the first. This would result in adjacent red and green pixels effectively forming yellow, with

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1628-513: The 2014 FIFA World Cup (via private tests and public viewings in the host city of Rio de Janeiro ), the 2018 FIFA World Cup was the first FIFA World Cup in which all matches were produced in 4K. Host Broadcasting Services stated that at least 75% of the broadcast cut on each match would come from 4K cameras (covering the majority of main angles), with instant replays and some camera angles being upconverted from 1080p sources. These broadcasts were made available from selected rightsholders, such as

1702-438: The 2016 Juno Awards in 4K as the first awards show presented in the format. In February 2016, Spanish-language Univision trialed 4K by producing a closed-circuit TV broadcast of a football friendly between the national teams of Mexico and Senegal from Miami (America) in the format. The broadcast was streamed privately to several special viewing locations. Univision aimed to develop a 4K streaming app to publicly televise

1776-458: The 2024 Summer Olympics , USA Network's "4K" coverage was sourced from host broadcaster Olympic Broadcasting Services (OBS) in 4K, but downconverted to 1080p when received by NBC Sports ' studios, and then upconverted to 4K for distribution. Most "K" resolutions are the result of multiplying a base width of either 960 or 1024 pixels by a simple, often integer factor and then may come in a variets of heights and aspect ratios. In some other cases,

1850-781: The ARTC HD63484 graphics processor, which was capable of displaying up to 4K resolution when in monochrome mode. The resolution was targeted at the bit-mapped desktop publishing market. The first commercially available 4K camera for cinematographic purposes was the Dalsa Origin , released in 2003. 4K technology was developed by several research groups in universities around the world, such as University of California, San Diego , CALIT2 , Keio University , Naval Postgraduate School and others that realized several demonstrations in venues such as IGrid in 2004 and CineGrid . YouTube began supporting 4K for video uploads in 2010 as

1924-958: The BBC in the UK, and selected television providers in the United States. Technical limitations in distributing 4K broadcasts (including the increased cost of 4K-compatible production equipment) have led to some broadcasters deciding against the format in favour of emphasizing 1080p/HDR broadcasts instead. After having broadcast UEFA Euro and the Champions League final in the format, UEFA discontinued 4K coverage for both in 2024, as broadcasters elected to put resources behind HDR and other on-air features instead. Some U.S. broadcasters, such as CBS Sports , Fox Sports , and USA Network have broadcast events promoted as having "4K" feeds, but are actually 1080p/HDR broadcasts upconverted to 4K. For

1998-596: The DNxHD codec . On January 6, 2015, the MHL Consortium announced the release of the superMHL specification which will support 8K resolution at 120 fps, 48-bit video, the Rec. 2020 color space, high dynamic range support, a 32-pin reversible superMHL connector, and power charging of up to 40 watts. On January 7, 2015, Ateme added support for the Rec. 2020 color space to their TITAN File video platform. On March 18, 2015, Arri announced

2072-578: The Digital Video Broadcasting Project released a new set of standards intended to guide the implementation of high resolution content in broadcast television. Dubbed DVB-UHDTV , it establishes two standards, known as UHD-1 (for 4K content) and UHD-2 (for 8K content). These standards use resolutions of 3840 ×  2160 and 7680 ×  4320 respectively, with framerates of up to 60   Hz, color depth up to 10   bpc (30   bit/px), and HEVC encoding for transmission. DVB

2146-663: The High Efficiency Video Coding standard. 4K Blu-ray Discs support both a higher color precision by increasing the color depth to 10 bits per color, and a greater color gamut by using the Rec. 2020 color space. The 4K Blu-ray specification allows for three disc sizes: 50 gb, 66 gb and 100 gb. Depending on the disc size and physical configuration, the data rate can reach up to 128 Mbit/s. The first Ultra HD Blu-ray titles were officially released from four studios on March 1, 2016. On November 6, 2014, Google added support for

2220-483: The Xbox One X , which supports 4K streaming and gaming, though not all games are rendered at native 4K. Though the price of the viewing devices began to drop rapidly from 2013, the home cinema digital video projector market saw little expansion as very few manufacturers had full 4K-capable lineups. Native 4K projectors were quoted in five figures well into 2015 before finally dropping below US$ 10,000, with Sony being

2294-657: The "K" resolution applies a desired aspect ratio like "21:9" to a multiple of a base height of either 720 or 1080 lines. The resolution of 3840 × 2160 is the dominant 4K resolution in the consumer media and display industries. This is the resolution of the UHDTV1 format defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1, as well as the 4K UHDTV format defined by ITU-R in Rec. 2020 , and is also the minimum resolution for CEA's definition of Ultra HD displays and projectors. The resolution of 3840 × 2160

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2368-578: The European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO), in which the trademark covers 'Class 9' electronic devices, including smartphones. According to Sony and SID, the standard defines a CinemaWide 4K product with the following characteristics: Sony Xperia smartphones are the most widely known products that equipped with CinemaWide 4K display, such as Xperia 1 , Xperia 1 II , Xperia 1 III , Xperia 1 IV and Xperia 1 V . Video sharing website YouTube and

2442-487: The HDR10 and HLG formats of Rec. 2100, which are supposed to start by 2017. At SID display week 2018, various companies showcased displays that are able to cover over 90% of the Rec. 2020 color space. JDI showcased an improvement of their 17.3" LCD 8k broadcast monitor that is powered by an RGB laser backlight system. This allows the display to reproduce 97% of the Rec. 2020 color space. Rec. 2100

2516-455: The Rec. 2020 color space to VP9 . On November 7, 2014, DivX developers announced that DivX265 version 1.4.21 had added support for the Main 10 profile of HEVC and the Rec. 2020 color space. On December 22, 2014, Avid Technology released an update for Media Composer that added support for 4K resolution, the Rec. 2020 color space, and a bit rate of up to 3,730 Mbit/s with

2590-459: The Rec. 2020 color space using Barten's equation which had previously been used to determine the bit depth for digital cinema. 11 bits per sample for the Rec. 2020 color space is below the visual modulation threshold, the ability to discern a one-value difference in luminance , for the entire luminance range. The NHK is planning for their UHDTV system, Super Hi-Vision , to use 12 bits per sample RGB . Rec. 2020 defines

2664-465: The Rec. 2020 color space. At SID display week 2017, AUO displayed a 5" foldable 720p HD AMOLED display able to display 95% of the Rec. 2020 colorspace. Although 720p is not specified by Rec. 2020, the color space coverage is of note. The Ultra HD Forum guidelines for UHD Phase A include support for SDR formats with 10 bits of color bit depth based on both Rec. 709 and Rec. 2020 color gamuts and also both

2738-462: The Rec. 2020 color space. On January 27, 2016, VESA announced that DisplayPort version 1.4 will support the Rec. 2020 color space. On April 17, 2016, Sony presented a 55 in (140 cm) 4K  OLED display with the support of Rec. 2020 color space. On April 18, 2016, the Ultra ;HD Forum announced industry guidelines for UHD Phase A which includes support for

2812-410: The Rec. 2020 color space. On May 22, 2014, Nanosys announced that using a quantum dot enhancement film (QDEF) a current LCD TV was modified so that it could cover 91% of the Rec. 2020 color space. Nanosys engineers believe that with improved LCD color filters it is possible to make a LCD that covers 97% of the Rec. 2020 color space. On September 4, 2014, Canon Inc. released

2886-477: The Rec. 2020 color space. HDMI 2.0 can transmit 12 bits per sample RGB at a resolution of 2160p and a frame rate of 24/25/30 fps or it can transmit 12 bits per sample 4:2:2/4:2:0 YCbCr at a resolution of 2160p and a frame rate of 50/60 fps. The Rec. 2020 color space is supported by H.264/MPEG-4 AVC and H.265/ High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The Main 10 profile in HEVC

2960-587: The SXT line of Arri Alexa cameras which will support Apple ProRes recording at 4K resolution and the Rec. 2020 color space. On April 8, 2015, Canon Inc. announced the DP-V2410 4K display and EOS C300 Mark II camera with support for the Rec. 2020 color space. On May 26, 2015, the NHK announced a 4K LCD with a laser diode backlight that covers 98% of the Rec. 2020 color space. Using

3034-543: The Y′, B′, and R′ signals with equations that depend on the range of values of B′−Y′ and R′−Y′. Just like standard definition content that uses SMPTE C or NTSC 1953 , BT.2020 primaries should be color managed to primaries of display. That is different from changing YCbCr matrix. HD content is color managed to BT.709 primaries on linear values. BT.2020 and BT.2100 are usually color managed to P3-D65. The reference color bars for BT.2020 are ARIB STD-B66. HDMI 2.0 supports

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3108-412: The black level while codes 3,761 through 4,079 provide video data above the nominal peak. The Rec. 2020 (UHDTV/UHD-1/UHD-2) color space can reproduce colors that cannot be shown with the Rec. 709 (HDTV) color space. The RGB primaries used by Rec. 2020 are equivalent to monochromatic light sources on the CIE 1931 spectral locus . The wavelength of the Rec. 2020 primary colors

3182-474: The chroma components in YCbCr are calculated as C′ B  = 0.5⋅(B′−Y′)/(1−K B ) = (B'−Y′)/1.8814 and C′ R  = 0.5⋅(R′−Y′)/(1−K R ) = (R′−Y′)/1.4746, and for digital representation the Y′, C′ B , and C′ R signals are scaled, offset by constants, and rounded to integers. The YcCbcCrc scheme is a "constant luminance" luma-chroma representation. YcCbcCrc may be used when

3256-530: The cinema industry predates the publication of the DCI standard, and they are generally understood as casual terms for any resolution approximately 2000 or 4000 pixels in width, rather than names for specific resolutions. In 2007, the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers published SMPTE ST 2036-1 , which defines parameters for two UHDTV systems called UHDTV1 and UHDTV2 . The standard defines

3330-463: The final of Copa América Centenario in 4K. In March 2016, DirecTV and CBS Sports announced that they would produce the "Amen Corner" supplemental coverage from the Masters golf tournament in 4K. In late 2016, Telus TV announced that they would begin to offer 4K compatible set-top boxes. After having trialed the technology in limited matches at the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup , and

3404-570: The first NHL game in 4K. Dome Productions, a joint venture of Bell Media and Rogers Media (the respective owners of TSN and Sportsnet), constructed a "side-by-side" 4K mobile production unit shared by Sportsnet and TSN's first 4K telecasts; it was designed to operate alongside a separate HD truck and utilize cameras capable of output in both formats. For the opening game of the 2016 Toronto Blue Jays season , Dome constructed "Trillium" – a production truck integrating both 4K and 1080i high-definition units. Bell Media's CTV also broadcast

3478-611: The first players and discs for Ultra HD Blu-ray —a physical optical disc format supporting 4K resolution and high-dynamic-range video (HDR) at 60 frames per second—were released. On August 2, 2016, Microsoft released the Xbox One S , which supports 4K streaming and has an Ultra HD Blu-ray disc drive, but does not support 4K gaming. On November 10, 2016, Sony released the PlayStation 4 Pro , which supports 4K streaming and gaming, though many games use checkerboard rendering or are upscaled 4K. On November 7, 2017, Microsoft released

3552-656: The following characteristics for these systems: In 2012, the International Telecommunication Union, Radiocommunication Sector published Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020 , also known as the Ultra High Definition Television ( UHDTV ) standard. It adopts the same image parameters defined in SMPTE ST 2036–1. Although the UHDTV standard does not define any official names for the formats it defines, ITU typically uses

3626-437: The following frame rates: 120p, 119.88p, 100p, 60p, 59.94p, 50p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.976p. Only progressive scan frame rates are allowed. Rec. 2020 defines a bit depth of either 10 bits per sample or 12 bits per sample. 10 bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 64 and the nominal peak is defined as code 940. Codes 0–3 and 1,020–1,023 are used for

3700-738: The following values of α and β can be used: While the Rec. 2020 transfer function can be used for encoding, it is expected that most productions will use a reference monitor that has an appearance of using equivalent of gamma 2.4 transfer function as defined in ITU-R BT.1886 and that the reference monitor will be evaluated under viewing conditions as defined in Rec. ITU-R BT.2035. Rec. 2020 allows for RGB and luma-chroma signal formats with 4:4:4 full-resolution sampling and luma-chroma signal formats with 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 chroma subsampling . It supports two types of luma-chroma signals, called YCbCr and YcCbcCrc. YCbCr may be used when

3774-439: The implementation of a new technology called M+ which is the addition of white subpixel along with the regular RGB dots in their IPS panel technology. The media and internet users later called this "RGBW" TVs because of the white sub pixel. Most of the new M+ technology was employed on 4K TV sets which led to a controversy after tests showed that the addition of a white sub pixel replacing the traditional RGB structure would reduce

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3848-482: The match commentators using a 4K camera. BT envisioned that if viewers wanted to watch studio analysis, they would switch to the HD broadcast and then back for the game. Footage was compressed using H.264 encoders and transmitted to BT Tower , where it was then transmitted back to BT Sport studios and decompressed for distribution, via 4K-compatible BT TV set-top boxes on an eligible BT Infinity internet plan with at least

3922-528: The only major maker marketing a comprehensive 4K projection solution as of 2015. At normal direct-view panel sizes and viewing distances, critics claim the extra pixels of 4K are redundant with normal human vision . Projection home cinemas on the other hand use much larger screen sizes without necessarily increasing viewing distance to scale. The company has used a technique now called "e-shift" to extrapolate extra pixels from 1080p sources to either display 4K on screens via upscaling or from native 4K sources at

3996-399: The pixel structures would have 1/4 the area of 1080p; it just doesn't happen with pixel shifting. That much resolution is only carried by a true 4K projector. This is why "true" 4K costs so much more than 4K UHD projectors that have more or less similar feature sets. They produce smaller pixels, finer resolution—no loss of detail or color from the overlapping pixels. This is in stark contrast to

4070-411: The previous naming convention used by HDTV and SDTV formats, which refer to a format by the number of pixels/lines along the vertical axis (such as "1080p" for 1920 × 1080 progressive scan, or "480i" for the 480-line interlaced SDTV formats) rather than the horizontal pixel count (≈4000 or "4K" for 3840 × 2160 ). The term "2160p" could be applied to any format with a height of 2160 pixels, but it

4144-473: The resolution by around 25%. After tests done by Intertek in which the technical aspects of LG M+ TVs were analyzed and they concluded that "the addressable resolution display is 2,880 X 2,160 for each red, green, blue", in other words, the LG TVs were technically 2.8K as it became known in the controversy. Although LG Display has developed this technology for use in notebook display, outdoor and smartphones, it

4218-495: The small variation in the aspect ratio difference, which would be capable of being noticeable in a few companies, such as Kaleidescape , offering media servers that enable 4K UHD Blu-ray movies with a wide dynamic range in a home theater. In November 2014, American satellite provider DirecTV (owned by AT&T) became the first pay-TV provider to offer access to 4K content, although limited to selected video-on-demand films. In August 2015, British sports network BT Sport launched

4292-582: The television industry have adopted 3840 ×  2160 as their 4K standard. As of 2014 , 4K content from major broadcasters remained limited. On April 11, 2013, Bulb TV created by Canadian serial entrepreneur Evan Kosiner became the first broadcaster to provide a 4K linear channel and VOD content to cable and satellite companies in North America. The channel is licensed by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission to provide educational content. By late 2014, 4K content

4366-668: The term "4K photo" for still photographs, making it appear like an especially high resolution even though 3840×2160 pixels equal approximately 8.3 megapixels, which is not considered to be especially high for still photographs. In 2005, Digital Cinema Initiatives (DCI), a prominent standards organization in the cinema industry, published the Digital Cinema System Specification . This specification establishes standardized 2K and 4K container formats for digital cinema production, with resolutions of 2048 × 1080 and 4096 × 2160 respectively. The resolution of

4440-425: The term "4K" to describe devices with support for a 2160p resolution, even if it is not close to 4000 pixels wide. For example, many "4K" dash cams only support a resolution of 2880 × 2160 (4∶3); although this is a 2160p resolution, it is not a 4K resolution. Conversely, Samsung released a 5120 × 2160 ( 64∶27 ) TV, but marketed it as a "4K" TV despite its 5K-class resolution . In 2015, LG Display announced

4514-576: The terms "4K", "4K UHD", or "4K UHDTV" to refer to the 3840 × 2160 system in public announcements and press releases (" 8K " for the 7680 × 4320 system). In some of ITU's other standards documents, the terms "UHDTV1" and "UHDTV2" are used as shorthand. In October 2012, the Consumer Electronics Association (CEA) announced their definition of the term Ultra High-Definition (or Ultra HD ) for use with marketing consumer display devices. CEA defines an Ultra HD product as

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4588-413: The timing reference. Codes 4 through 63 provide video data below the black level while codes 941 through 1,019 provide video data above the nominal peak. 12 bits per sample Rec. 2020 uses video levels where the black level is defined as code 256 and the nominal peak is defined as code 3760. Codes 0–15 and 4,080–4,095 are used for the timing reference. Codes 16 through 255 provide video data below

4662-454: The top priority is compatibility with existing SDTV and HDTV operating practices. The luma (Y′) signal for YCbCr is calculated as the weighted average Y′ = K R ⋅R′ + K G ⋅G′ + K B ⋅B′, using the gamma-corrected RGB values (denoted R′G′B′) and the weighting coefficients K R  = 0.2627, K G  = 1−K R −K B  = 0.678, and K B  = 0.0593. As in similar schemes ,

4736-492: The top priority is the most accurate retention of luminance information. The luma component in YcCbcCrc is calculated using the same coefficient values as for YCbCr, but it is calculated from linear RGB and then gamma corrected, rather than being calculated from gamma-corrected R′G′B′ and is done as follows: Y′ = (K R ⋅R + K G ⋅G + K B ⋅B)′. The chroma components in YcCbcCrc are calculated from

4810-499: The video content inside follows the SMPTE 428-1 standard, which establishes the following resolutions for a 4K distribution: 2K distributions can have a frame rate of either 24 or 48   FPS , while 4K distributions must have a frame rate of 24   FPS. Some articles claim that the terms "2K" and "4K" were coined by DCI and refer exclusively to the 2K and 4K formats defined in the DCI standard. However, usage of these terms in

4884-445: The year 2015, Apple announced the iPhone 6s was released with the 12   megapixel camera that has the option to record 4K at 25 or 30 frames per second. In the years 2017 and 2018, mobile phone chipsets reached sufficient processing power that mobile phone vendors started releasing mobile phones that allow recording 2160p footage at 60 frames per second for a smoother and more realistic appearance. In 1984, Hitachi released

4958-465: Was added based on proposal JCTVC-K0109 which proposed that a 10-bit profile be added to HEVC for consumer applications. The proposal stated that this was to allow for improved video quality and to support the Rec. 2020 color space that will be used by UHDTV. On September 11, 2013, ViXS Systems announced the XCode 6400 SoC which supports 4K resolution at 60 fps, the Main 10 profile of HEVC, and

5032-447: Was also chosen by the DVB project for their 4K broadcasting standard, UHD-1 . This resolution has an aspect ratio of 16∶9, with 8,294,400 total pixels. It is exactly double the horizontal and vertical resolution of 1080p ( 1920 × 1080 ) for a total of 4 times as many pixels, and triple the horizontal and vertical resolution of 720p ( 1280 × 720 ) for a total of 9 times as many pixels. It

5106-675: Was available for streaming and broadcast on television, both in 4K, by CBS in the US. The first mobile phones to be able to record at 2160p ( 3840 × 2160 ) were released in late 2013, including the Samsung Galaxy Note 3 , which is able to record 2160p at 30 frames per second. In the year 2014, the OnePlus One was released with the option to record DCI 4K ( 4096 × 2160 ) at 24 frames per second, as well as LG G3 and Samsung Galaxy Note 4 with optical image stabilization . In

5180-752: Was becoming more widely available online, including on Apple TV, YouTube, Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon. By 2013, some UHDTV models were available to general consumers in the range of US$ 600. As of 2015 , prices on smaller computer and television panels had dropped below US$ 400. On March 26, 2013, the Advanced Television Systems Committee announced new proposals of a new standard called ATSC 3.0 which would implement UHD broadcasts at resolutions of up to 3840 × 2160 or 7680 × 4320 . The standard would also include framerates of up to 120   Hz, HEVC encoding, wide color gamut , as well as high dynamic range . In 2014,

5254-438: Was decided that it would use real colors, instead of imaginary colors , so that it would be possible to show the Rec. 2020 color space on a display without the need for conversion circuitry. Since a larger color space increases the difference between colors, an increase of 1 bit per sample is needed for Rec. 2020 to equal or exceed the color precision of Rec. 709. The NHK measured contrast sensitivity for

5328-527: Was introduced. On September 2, 2021, Fujifilm announced X-T3 WW ( w orld w ide) which simplifies supply chains and can be sold at a lower price since a battery charger is not included. The X-T3 is a mirrorless compact camera made by Fujifilm. It measures 132.5 mm x 92.8 mm x 58.8 mm and weighs 539 g including memory card and battery. Mechanical dials are provided for key operations, including shutter speed, ISO sensitivity, exposure compensation, drive modes and metering modes. It lacks built-in flash, but includes

5402-422: Was offering 4K projectors as early as 2004. The first 4K home theater projector was released by Sony in 2012. Despite this, there's not many finished films with 4K resolution as of 2023. Even for movies and TV shows shot using 6K or 8K cameras, almost all finished films are edited in HD resolution and enlarged to fit a 4K format. Sony is one of the leading studios promoting UHDTV content, as of 2013 offering

5476-510: Was posted on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) website on August 23, 2012, and two further editions have been published since then. Rec. 2020 is extended for high-dynamic-range (HDR) by Rec. 2100 , which uses the same color primaries as Rec. 2020. Rec. 2020 defines two standard image formats of 3840 × 2160 ("4K") and 7680 × 4320 ("8K"). These both have an aspect ratio of 16:9 and use square pixels . Rec. 2020 specifies

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