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19-520: York Hill began as a farm consisting of livestock, grains, and tobacco. The Snyder's began to develop the farm as an apple/fruit orchard, and the Hockensmiths and Hockmans fully developed the commercial potential of the York Hill orchards which still operate today. Several additions have been made to the house since its humble origins as a simple two-storied log cabin. An extended two-storied wing

38-547: A property in Jefferson County, West Virginia on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Bank barn A bank barn or banked barn is a style of barn noted for its accessibility, at ground level, on two separate levels. Often built into the side of a hill or bank, the upper and the lower floors could be accessed from ground level, one area at

57-478: A different tradition than the Pennsylvania Barn. In New England, the barn doors are always on the gable end. The cows were on the main level, hay in a mow on the main level and/or above in haylofts, possibly grain storage on the main level, sometimes a tack room or workshop, and the basement was used for manure management and other tasks. The New England barn, developed in the early 19th century, became

76-523: A type of farm building which is so common in certain parts of Britain that it has developed no descriptive term of its own". Bank barns were a popular 19th-century barn style in the US. These structures were sometimes called "basement barns" because of their exposed basement story. In the Pennsylvania barn , the upper floor was a hayloft and the lower a stable area. The barn doors were typically on

95-471: Is a type of bank barn built in the United States from about 1790 to 1900. The style's most distinguishing feature is an overshoot or forebay, an area where one or more walls overshoot its foundation. These barns were banked and set into a hillside to ensure easy access to the basement and the level above. Almost all Pennsylvania barns also have gable roofs. Barn scholar Robert Ensminger classified

114-464: Is the forebay, built so that the gable end is symmetrical, with both front and rear walls being the same height. Sweitzer barns are also known as Swetzer or Swisser. The name reflects the barn's probable origin in Switzerland. The Sweitzer is the "original Pennsylvania barn"; it was initially a log crib-type barn built between 1730 and 1850. The distinguishing feature of this type of forebay barn

133-576: The 1660s, Sir Daniel Fleming of Rydal Hall in the Lake District housed 44 cattle in his 74 feet (23 m) long bank barn at Low Park. The cattle faced the side walls and backed onto a central manure passage. In other bank barns in Cumbria, the side walls entrances gave access to a cow-house, stable, and cartshed; some 19th-century examples have four-horse stables, root houses (for storage of root crops for fodder), and feeding and dung passages for

152-610: The Pennsylvania barn into three types: Standard Pennsylvania, Sweitzer, and Extended Pennsylvania barns. The Pennsylvania-style barns were also built in the Shenandoah Valley , as well as west of Pennsylvania and in Canada. "The Standard Pennsylvania barn is the most numerous and widely distributed class of the Pennsylvania barns." These were built between 1790 and 1890. The key characteristic in identifying this type

171-525: The barn. All forebay barns are bank barns, but not all bank barns are forebay barns. Robert F. Ensminger, in his book The Pennsylvania barn: its origin, evolution, and distribution in North America , identifies three basic types of Pennsylvania barn: the Sweitzer, standard, and extended. The English Lake District bank barn is another type found only in Pennsylvania. The New England barn is from

190-403: The characteristic bank. The design is similar to English barns except for the bank and basement aspects. The basement space could be utilized for animals while the area above, easily accessed by wagon because of the bank, could be used for feed and grain storage. Bank barns can be considered English barns raised on an exposed full basement. Pennsylvania barn A Pennsylvania barn

209-517: The cows. As well as the true bank barns that occur in a small concentration in Devon, a variation on the bank barn is also found in Devon and Cornwall where the upper floor is accessed by external stone steps rather than the hillside or a ramp. The architectural historian Ronald Brunskill states that, although the British examples are older, the term "bank barn" is an imported term "to describe

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228-448: The last were built just before World War I . Usually stone-built, British bank barns are rectangular buildings. They usually have a central threshing area with hay or corn (cereal) storage bays on either side on the upper floor; and byres, stables, cartshed, or other rooms below. Double doors entered the threshing barn on the upper floor in the long wall approached from a raised bank: these banks could be artificially created. Opposite

247-456: The main doors was a small winnowing door that opened high above the farmyard level. A common arrangement had an open-fronted single bay cartshed below the threshing floor, with stables on one side and a cow-house on the other. The entrances to these lower floor rooms were protected from above in many cases by a continuous canopy, or pentise carried on timber or stone beams cantilevered from the main wall. Brick-built bank barns are less common. In

266-435: The most popular barn type after 1850, replacing the smaller, side-entry English barn and are almost always square rule framing. Similar barns are also found in upstate New York and westward Canada. The design of some bank barns is called a "high-drive bank barn" allowed wagons to enter directly into the hay loft, making unloading the hay easier. Sometimes the high-drive was accessed by an earthen or wood ramp, and sometimes

285-506: The ramp was covered like a bridge to make it more durable. In the Pennsylvania barns, the animals were housed on the basement level. In many other bank barns, the tie-ups were on the upper-ground level, and below the stables, a basement usually acted as a manure collection area. Many bank barns have a small incline leading up to the loft area instead of a ramp. Some bank barns are constructed directly into existing hillsides, while others are fitted with built-up earthen and stone areas to create

304-493: The sidewall. With William Penn's promise of freedom and inexpensive land, many settlers came to Pennsylvania. Among these settlers were the Germans, who began to build bank barns on their land. Many other settlers followed this practice, and it was soon the most common type of barn in Pennsylvania during the colonial era. The Pennsylvania Barn is a specific type of bank barn with a forebay, a projecting floor on one or more sides of

323-524: The southwest. The origins of bank barns in the UK are obscure. The bank barn had made its first appearance in Cumbria by the 1660s on the farms of wealthy farmers: here, farmers bought drove cattle from Scotland and fattened them over winter before selling them in spring. The bank barn at Townend Farm, Troutbeck in former Cumberland , was built for the prominent Browne family in 1666. The great majority of bank barns were built in Cumbria between 1750 and 1860, and

342-862: The top of the hill and the other at the bottom. The second level of a bank barn could also be accessed from a ramp if a hill was unavailable. Examples of bank barns can be found in the United Kingdom, in the United States, in eastern Canada, in Norway, in the Dordogne in France, and in Umbria , Italy, amongst other places. Bank barns are especially common in the upland areas of Britain, in Northumberland and Cumbria in northern England and in Devon in

361-423: Was added in the late 1790s to include separate living quarters for another family member. A limestone addition to the house and other various stone out-buildings were built between 1802 and 1825, including the 1812 bank barn that is host to many weddings and receptions today. The last additions, to include the stately columned-front porch and west wing, were built in 1972 by Jerry Hockman. This article about

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