Others
25-703: In terms of Ihsan : Yahya Efendi or Molla Shaykhzadeh ul Yahya (1494 in Trabzon – 1570 in Istanbul ), Ottoman Islamic scholar , sufi sheikh , and poet buried in Beshiktash , Istanbul . He served as a teacher of sacred sciences during the reign of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent . Yahya Efendi had close ties with the palace, and consulted the Sultan throughout his life. After retirement, he built
50-466: A dergah , numerous buildings and charitable trusts in Beshiktash, and planted trees in the area. Beşiktaşi Yahya Efendi is also known as Mudarris Molla Şeyhzade. The earliest information about his life is in Âşık Çelebi's Meşâirü'ş-Şuarâ , Âlî Mustafa Efendi's Künhü'l-Ahbâr , Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi's Tezkiretü'ş-Şuarâ and Mehmed Dâî's Menâkıb , the last source being one of his disciples and
75-420: A subset of those who are mu'min , and those who are mu'min are a subset of muslims : From the preceding discussion it should be clear that not every Muslim is a man or woman of faith ( mu'min ), but every person of faith is a Muslim . Furthermore, a Muslim who believes in all the principles of Islam may not necessarily be a righteous person, a doer of good ( muhsin ), but a truly good and righteous person
100-411: A descendant of Şaban Efendi . In later works, references were made to these sources in general. His father is Shami Ömer Efendi and his mother is Afife Hatun. In some sources, it is recorded that his father was from Amasya . During the period when Ömer Efendi was a judge in Trabzon , Bayezid II 's son, Şehzade (Prince) Selim , was the sanjak-bey of Trabzon. It is possible to infer that a friendship
125-532: A mosque within the castle walls. Cossack raids plagued the Ottoman Empire from time to time. In 1624 a fleet of 150 Cossack caiques sailed across the Black Sea to attack Bosphorus towns and villages. Sultan Murad IV (1623–1640) refortified Anadolu Kavağı as a defence against them. This proved instrumental in securing the region against such seaborne raids. Under Osman III (1754–1757), Yoros Castle
150-720: A mosque, madrasah and bath built in Yoros in Anadolukavağı . It states in Menakib that Yahyâ Efendi often went to Yoros to rest. The funeral prayer of Yahya Efendi, who died on the night of Eid-al-Adha on 9 Dhu al-Hijjah 978 (May 4, 1571), was performed by Ebussuud Efendi in the Süleymaniye Mosque after the Eid prayer and he was buried in the place where his dergah is located. A large crowd of state officials, ulama and
175-500: Is a matter of taking one's inner faith ( iman ) and showing it in both deed and action, a sense of social responsibility borne from religious convictions. In Islam , Ihsan is the Muslim responsibility to obtain perfection, or excellence, in worship, such that Muslims try to worship God as if they see Him, and although they cannot see Him, they undoubtedly believe that He is constantly watching over them. That definition comes from
200-626: Is a ruined castle dating back to Byzantine times that stands above the confluence of the Bosphorus and the Black Sea , to the north of Joshua's Hill , in Beykoz district, Istanbul , Turkey . It is commonly referred to as the Genoese Castle , due to Genoa ’s possession of it in the mid-15th century. Yoros Castle sits on a hill surrounded by steep bluffs overlooking the confluence of
225-490: Is both a Muslim and a true person of faith. Some Islamic scholars explain ihsan as being the inner dimension of Islam whereas shariah is often described as the outer dimension. Ihsan "constitutes the highest form of worship" ( ibadah ). It is excellence in work and in social interactions. For example, ihsan includes sincerity during Muslim prayers and being grateful to parents, family, and God. Yoros Castle Yoros Castle ( Turkish : Yoros Kalesi )
250-498: Is not known where Ömer Efendi served after Trabzon, but it is recorded that he returned to Damascus and died there. Yahya Efendi spent his childhood and youth in Trabzon. Atai states that he often went into seclusion in a cave outside the city during this period and this lasted for seven years. It can be assumed that he completed his education in one of the madrasahs in Trabzon in the same period. After Sultan Selim 's ascension to
275-456: The Bosphorus and the Black Sea . It is just north of a small fishing village called Anadolu Kavağı , on Macar Bay, and the entire area is referred to as Anadolu Kavağı. The castle overlooks one of the narrowest stretches of the Bosphorus, and on the opposite shore is Rumeli Kavağı , which formerly held a fortification similar to Yoros Castle. ( Anadolu and Rumeli were Ottoman terms for
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#1732765790257300-547: The Hadith of Gabriel in which Muhammad states, "[Ihsan is] to worship God as though you see Him, and if you cannot see Him, then indeed He sees you". ( Al-Bukhari and Al-Muslim ). According to Muhammad's hadith "God has written ihsan on everything". Ihsan is one of the three dimensions of the Islamic religion ( ad-din ): In contrast to the emphases of islam (what one should do) and iman (why one should do),
325-745: The Anatolian and European parts of the empire). Since 2016 the Third Bosphorus Bridge has been visible from Yoros Castle. The future site of Yoros Castle was originally settled by the Phoenicians and Greeks for trading and military purposes. The Greeks called the area Hieron (Sacred Place). The remains of temples, including to Dios, to the Altar of the Twelve Gods, and to Zeus Ourios (Zeus, granter of fair winds) Belonging to
350-627: The BCE era have been discovered here. Yoros Castle was intermittently occupied throughout the course of the Byzantine Empire . Under the Palaiologos dynasty in its later years, Yoros Castle was strongly fortified, as was the castle on the opposite side of the Bosphorus. A massive chain could be extended between these two points, cutting the Strait off from enemy warships in the same way that
375-528: The Genoese Castle. After Sultan Mehmed II’s conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the presence of the Genoese in such a strategic location posed a threat to the new Ottoman capital and within a few years they were driven out. Mehmed II then refortified the walls, and constructed a customs office, a quarantine centre and a check point, as well as garrisoning the site. Bayezid II (1481–1512) later added
400-537: The chain across the Golden Horn was used to defend Constantinople during the last Ottoman siege by Sultan Mehmed II . The Byzantines , Genoese and Ottomans fought over this castle for centuries. It was first captured by Ottoman forces in 1305, but was retaken by the Byzantines shortly afterwards. Sultan Bayezid I took the castle again in 1391 while preparing for his siege of Constantinople , and it
425-471: The concept of ihsan is primarily associated with intention. One who "does what is beautiful" is called a muhsin . It is generally held that a person can only achieve true Ihsan with the help and guidance of God , who governs all things. While traditionally Islamic jurists have concentrated on islam and theologians on iman , the Sufis have focused their attention on ihsan . Those who are muhsin are
450-576: The public attended the funeral. A mausoleum was built on the site of the dervish lodge by the order of Sultan Selim. Along with Aziz Mahmud Hudayi , Telli Baba , and Prophet Joshua , the four are considered to be the Four Patron Saints of the Bosphorus. Ihsan Ihsan ( Arabic : إحسان ʾiḥsān , also romanized ehsan ), is an Arabic term meaning "to do beautiful things", "beautification", "perfection", or "excellence" (Arabic: husn , lit. ' beauty ' ). Ihsan
475-446: The rest of his life in the dervish lodge he founded here (Yahya Efendi Külliyyesi). It is stated that he went to the region named Hıdırlık, which is considered to be the meeting place of Moses and Hızır by the Bosphorus , through a sign from a person he saw in his dream, and established his tekke. Some sources state that the grave of Prophet Yusha in Beykoz was discovered by Yahya Efendi. Kınalızâde Hasan Çelebi writes that he had
500-550: The throne, Yahya Efendi moved to Istanbul with his family in the entourage of Şehzade Süleyman. He completed his education in Istanbul with Zenbilli Ali Efendi. After the death of his teacher, he started to work as a professor at Canbaz Mustafa Madrasa for 15 coins a day. Afterwards, he worked as a professor in the madrasahs of Hacıhasanzâde, Efdaliye, Coban Mustafa Pasha in Gebze, Mihrimah Sultan in Üsküdar, and Sahn-ı Semân, where he
525-498: Was appointed to replace Kadızâde Ahmed Şemseddin Efendi in 960 AH (1553 AD). Two years after his appointment to duty, he was at odds with his mother Mahidevran Hatun , who was expelled from the palace during the murder of Prince Mustafa, and he was dismissed from his post because of an affidavit he wrote to Sultan Suleyman for his readmission to the palace. Then he was retired with 50 akçe per day. Âşık Çelebi reports that Yahya Efendi
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#1732765790257550-415: Was established between Ömer Efendi and the prince during this period. The birth of Prince Selim's son, Süleyman, a few days after Yahya Efendi's birth, probably brought the two families closer together. As a matter of fact, it is stated that when the milk of Şehzade Süleyman's mother was not enough, Afife Hatun also breastfed the prince and they were the foster-brothers of Yahya Efendi and Sultan Suleyman . It
575-467: Was once again refortified. Later, in 1783 Abdülhamid I added more watchtowers. After this time, the castle gradually fell into disrepair. By the time the Turkish Republic was declared in 1923, it was no longer in use. The ruins of the citadel and its surrounding walls still exist, although the mosque, most of the towers and other structures have been lost. Greek inscriptions remain carved on
600-426: Was used as a base during the construction of Anadolu Hisarı , which was to prove more important in the eventual successful siege. In 1399 the Byzantines attempted to take back Yoros Castle. The attack failed, but the village of Anadolu Kavağı was burned to the ground. The Ottomans held the fortress from 1391–1414, losing it to the Genoese in 1414. Their forty-year occupation gave the castle its commonly used nickname -
625-602: Was very upset about this situation. Although Suleiman the Magnificent dismissed Yahya Efendi from his post, it is understood that he did not interfere much in his activities. It is rumored that in the following years, the Sultan sent gifts of gold and silver to the Sheikh , and the Sheikh sent some products that he had grown in his garden to the Sultan. After leaving his job, he bought a large land in Beşiktaş with his own means and spent
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