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61-619: Within the framework of administrative divisions , Yelizovsky District is one of the eleven in the krai. The town of Yelizovo serves as its administrative center , despite being incorporated separately as a town under krai jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts. As a municipal division , the district is incorporated as Yelizovsky Municipal District , with Yelizovo Town Under Krai Jurisdiction being incorporated within it as Yelizovskoye Urban Settlement. Ethnic composition (2010): Subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions Russia

122-632: A 2015 poll by the Levada Center showed that 19% of polled Russians wanted eastern Ukraine to become part of Russia. In March 2021, 25% of polled Russians supported the annexation of the Donbas separatist republics to Russia. In the context of the invasion of Ukraine , Russian officials spoke about joining even before the deployment of troops: on 21 February, during a meeting of the Security Council of Russia , Sergey Naryshkin mixed up

183-434: A decree on preparations for the referendum. However, the decision to hold referendums is not under the jurisdiction of local authorities, but under the administration of the president of Russia. President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy emphasized that holding referendums in the occupied territories would eliminate the possibility for negotiations for Russia. Deputy Prime Minister of Ukraine Iryna Vereshchuk added that

244-726: A joint referendum. On 5 September, Stremousov announced that the referendum in Kherson Oblast had been postponed due to "security reasons." On 7 September, Andrey Turchak , secretary-general of the United Russia party, stated that it "would be right and symbolic" to hold the referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine on 4 November, Russia's Unity Day ; Stremousov stated that preparations would be made for this date, "even if we are ready for this referendum to take place right now". On 20 September, Head of

305-817: A month, few people were ready to go to the occupied territories. and key positions in the governments of the DPR and the LPR were appointed in preparation for the referendums by an official of the Ministry of Industry and Trade , Vitaliy Khotsenko , and a former vice-governor of the Kurgan Oblast , Vladislav Kuznetsov. According to the interlocutor of the publication, the Russian authorities planned to soon remove Denis Pushilin and Leonid Pasechnik and replace them with completely controlled functionaries. According to Meduza ,

366-614: A nationwide referendum". Later that day, the Kherson Oblast Council passed a resolution stating that the proposed referendum would be illegal. On 11 May 2022, Kirill Stremousov , a deputy head of the Kherson military–civilian administration , announced his readiness to send President Vladimir Putin with a request for Kherson Oblast to join the Russian Federation, noting that there would be no creation of

427-424: A part of municipal formations are known as inter-settlement territories  [ ru ] , a concept introduced in 2019. The Federal Law was amended on 27 May 2014 to include new types of municipal divisions: In June 2014, Chelyabinsky Urban Okrug became the first urban okrug to implement intra-urban divisions. Federal legislation introduced on May 1, 2019, added an additional territorial unit: All

488-803: A referendum in Kherson to establish the Kherson People's Republic, similar to the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic . Serhii Khlan , deputy leader of the Kherson Oblast Council , claimed that the Russian military had called all the members of the council and asked them to cooperate. Lyudmyla Denisova , Ombudsman of Ukraine , stated that the referendum would be illegal because "under Ukrainian law any issues over territory can only be resolved by

549-755: A similar referendum would have occurred in Kharkiv Oblast if not for the Ukrainian counteroffensive in September that forced Russia to retreat from most of the territory it occupied. There are no public independent statistics on attitudes towards referendums in the occupied territories. A survey taken before the Russian invasion of Ukraine by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) suggested that support for joining

610-850: A treaty was signed between Russia and the Republic of Crimea incorporating the Republic of Crimea and the City of Sevastopol as constituent members of the Russian Federation. According to the Treaty, the Republic of Crimea is accepted as a federal subject with the status of a republic while the City of Sevastopol has received federal city status. Neither the Republic of Crimea nor the city of Sevastopol are politically recognized as parts of Russia by most countries . Similarly, Russia also annexed four Ukrainian oblasts of Donetsk , Kherson , Luhansk , and Zaporozhzhia on 30 September 2022 after internationally-unrecognized referendums held days prior, during

671-600: A video message on the Telegram channel, said that the Kherson region began to prepare for a referendum on joining Russia. The referendum was going to be prepared by the pro-Putin United Russia party, but members fled the region towards the end of July after Ukrainian forces shelled the Antonivka Road Bridge . Authorities in the occupied Zaporizhzhia Oblast region have not ruled out the possibility of

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732-462: Is divided into several types and levels of subdivisions. The federal districts are groupings of the federal subjects of Russia. Federal districts are not mentioned in the nation's constitution, do not have competences of their own, and do not manage regional affairs. They exist solely to monitor consistency between the federal and regional bodies of law, and ensure governmental control over the civil service, judiciary, and federal agencies operating in

793-636: The Central Election Commission in Zaporizhzhia claimed that the referendum passed, with 93.11% (of 541,093 voters) favoured joining the Russian Federation. The declared turnout was 85.4%. According to the data provided by the commission, the support for the annexation was 90.01% in the Melitopol Raion , while in its administrative center, Melitopol, it was 96.78%. On 8 August 2022, Ekaterina Gubareva , deputy head of

854-524: The Head of the Luhansk People's Republic , said that he plans on visiting Moscow to request the admission of Luhansk into the Russian Federation. The Russian military occupation of parts of Kherson Oblast began on 3 March 2022, when its capital city was captured by the Russian military after the six-day Battle of Kherson . On 12 March, Ukrainian officials claimed that Russia was planning to stage

915-584: The Kherson Oblast Military–Civilian Administration Volodymyr Saldo announced that the referendum on the entry of the Kherson Oblast into Russia would be held from 23 to 27 September. The text printed on the ballots is bilingual, with Ukrainian alongside Russian: Do you approve of having Kherson Oblast exit Ukraine, reforming Kherson Oblast into a self-governing state as well as incorporating it into

976-585: The OSCE or Council of Europe were present. The Russian-led militants of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic declared independence from Ukraine in 2014. Pro-Russian separatists held discredited independence referendums in May 2014. After invading Ukraine in February 2022, Russia started preparations to hold referendums in occupied parts of Donetsk and Luhansk . On 19 September,

1037-462: The Russia-24 TV channel that the authorities of the areas of Kharkiv Oblast controlled by Russian troops are not yet ready to discuss a referendum on joining Russia, because "only 20 percent and no more" of the region is under Russian control. Residents lacking food were denied aid unless they submitted information for the voting register. The Security Service of Ukraine (SBU) assessed that

1098-932: The Russian Federation ranges from 1% in Kherson Oblast to 13.2% in Luhansk Oblast . According to closed polls commissioned by the Russian authorities in July 2022, about 30% of those surveyed supported joining Russia, about 30% supported staying in Ukraine, and the rest declined to answer. In the poll conducted by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology between 13 and 18 May 2022, 77% of Ukrainians living in Russian-occupied territory said they did not support any territorial concessions to Russia, even if it would prolong

1159-651: The Russian parliament . The United Nations, Ukraine, and many other countries condemned the annexation. Under the conditions of Russian military occupation and complete dominance of Russian media, the residents of the DPR and the LPR were promised the inclusion of these regions into Russia, as with Crimea . As the director of the Donetsk Institute for Social Research and Political Analysis suggested in 2014, it had been decided to refuse accession referendums due to low support for joining Russia: 35% supported it, while 65% saw themselves as part of Ukraine. In Russia,

1220-760: The Zaporozhye Oblast —are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine . All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council ( upper house of the Federal Assembly ). They do, however, differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy. De jure, excluding the occupied Ukrainian territories, there are 6 types of federal subjects—21 republics , 9 krais , 46 oblasts , 2 federal cities , 1 autonomous oblast , and 4 autonomous okrugs . Autonomous okrugs are

1281-598: The invasion of Ukraine that began in late February, which were organized by Russian occupation authorities in territories where hostilities were ongoing and much of the population had fled. It occurred seven months after the start of the invasion and less than a month after the start of the Ukrainian Kharkiv counteroffensive . The signing ceremony was held in the Grand Kremlin Palace in Moscow in

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1342-405: The "Kherson People's Republic" or referendums regarding this matter. Commenting on these statements, Putin's press secretary Dmitry Peskov said that this issue should be decided by the inhabitants of the region and that "these fateful decisions must have an absolutely clear legal background, legal justification, be absolutely legitimate, as was the case with Crimea". In June 2022, Stremousov, in

1403-697: The Armed Forces to provide an efficient management of military units, their training, and other operational activities, the federal subjects are grouped into five military districts. Each military district operates under the command of the district headquarters , headed by the district commander , and is subordinated to the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation . 2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine In late September 2022, in

1464-514: The Donetsk People's Republic being incorporated into the Russian Federation with subject rights of the Russian Federation?"). The same wording, with only the name of the republic changed, was used on the ballots issued across the Luhansk People's Republic: Вы за вхождение Луганской Народной Республики в состав Российской Федерации на правах субъекта Российской Федерации? ("Do you approve of the Luhansk People's Republic being incorporated into

1525-547: The Electoral Commission for the preparation of a referendum in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast began work. On 22 September, Balytskyi announced that the referendum on the entry of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast into Russia will be held from 23 to 27 September. This would include all of Zaporizhzhia, including territories not controlled by the Russian military administration. Vladimir Rogov, a collaborator with

1586-618: The Great , Russian president Vladimir Putin described the land that had been conquered by Peter in the Great Northern War against Sweden as land being returned to Russia. He also compared the task facing Russia today to that of Peter's. In the Kherson Oblast , rumours about the creation of the "Kherson People's Republic" or annexation appeared immediately after the occupation in March. Kherson residents responded with rallies under

1647-539: The Kherson Civilian-Military Administration announced the annexation of occupied territories of Mykolaiv Oblast . She also claimed that in some occupied towns, Russian mobile communications have begun to work. According to her, such a decision was made in order to provide the population with social payments in the "liberated" territories, as well as to establish mobile communications and television broadcasting. On 13 August 2022,

1708-788: The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of 17 August 1982 "On the Procedures of Dealing with the Matters of the Administrative-Territorial Structure of the RSFSR". The 1993 Constitution, however, did not identify the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions as the responsibility of the federal government nor as the joint responsibility of the federal government and the subjects. This

1769-616: The Russian puppet states of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic in the Russian-occupied Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts of Ukraine, and the Russian-appointed military administrations of Kherson Oblast and Zaporizhzhia Oblast , captured and occupied in the first week of the 2022 invasion – as well as in Russia. At the time of the referendums, Russia did not fully control any of

1830-573: The Russian Federation with subject rights of the Russian Federation? According to the figures released by the Kherson regional section of the Russian Central Election Commission , 87.05% (497,051) supported the annexation to the Russian Federation, with 12.05% (68,832) against and 0.9% of ballots invalid, on a turnout of 76.86%. Tass reported that 571,001 voters took part. The Russian military occupation of parts of Zaporizhzhia Oblast began on 27 February 2022, when

1891-723: The Russian Federation with subject rights of the Russian Federation?"). Since neither entity recognizes the status of Ukrainian as an administrative language of any kind, the text on the ballots was printed exclusively in Russian. According to the results released by the Russian Central Election Commission through its sections in the DPR and the LPR, 99.23% (2,116,800 voters) supported the annexation in Donetsk and 98.42% (1,636,302 voters) in Luhansk . The turnouts were 97.51% (2,131,207 voters) and 94.15% (1,662,607 voters), respectively. After these figures were released, Leonid Pasechnik ,

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1952-544: The Russian administration, demanded Ukrainian troops leave the region "immediately," and that after the referendum "they will be considered occupiers." At the time of the referendum Russia controlled 73% of the region's territory but not its capital, the town of Zaporizhzhia . On the first day of the "referendum", Vladimir Rogov, a member of the Main Council of MCA, said that the Russian-controlled part of

2013-546: The Russian authorities planned to hold referendums under the slogan " Together with Russia " (it appeared in the campaign in the Zaporizhzhia Oblast , and a forum of the same name was held in Kherson ). The alternative slogan " New Russia ", which implied a "new quality" and a stronger Russia, did not please Vladimir Putin and members of the Security Council. The IMA-Consulting group, associated with

2074-441: The Zaporizhzhia Oblast will be de jure independent for "some time" following the referendum. The text printed on the ballots is bilingual, with Ukrainian alongside Russian: Do you approve of having Zaporizhzhia Oblast exit Ukraine, reforming Zaporizhzhia Oblast into a self-governing state as well as incorporating it into the Russian Federation with subject rights of the Russian Federation? On 27 September, Russian officials of

2135-413: The affairs of the DPR and the LPR. The chief technologist and coordinator of the referendums was the vice-governor of Sevastopol , Sergei Tolmachev. Rappoport also selected employees and political technologists with experience in working with the opposition for the role of "political instructors" in the occupation administrations. As Meduza ' s sources noted, despite salaries of up to 1–2 million rubles

2196-455: The context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Russian-installed officials in Ukraine staged so-called referendums on the annexation of occupied territories of Ukraine by Russia. They were widely described as sham referendums by commentators and denounced by various countries. The validity of the results of the referendums has been accepted by North Korea , and no other sovereign state. The votes were conducted in four areas of Ukraine –

2257-460: The desire of the Russian leadership to further escalate the war with Ukraine. The preparation of referendums and the formation of a new image of Russia after the annexation of Ukrainian territories were entrusted to the first deputy head of the presidential administration , Sergey Kiriyenko . Under his leadership, an image was formulated for an external audience – Russia as a "continent of freedom" for supporters of right-wing ideologies from all over

2318-621: The federal subjects are grouped into eight federal districts, each administered by an envoy appointed by the President of Russia . The envoys serve as liaisons between the federal subjects and the federal government and are primarily responsible for overseeing the compliance of the federal subjects with federal laws. For economic and statistical purposes the federal subjects are grouped into twelve economic regions. Economic regions and their parts sharing common economic trends are in turn grouped into economic zones and macrozones . In order for

2379-594: The first deputy head of the presidential administration, Alexey Gromov , was responsible for the campaign preparations for the referendums. Russian official Alexander Malkevich of the Civic Chamber of the Russian Federation claimed that over 100 "international observers" from 40 countries were present at the referendums, after Ukrainian intelligence sources had warned that Russian special services had been recruiting foreigners, who would face criminal liability. No observers from international organizations such as

2440-451: The first four days, only specific people were able to vote, and it was possible to vote in adjoining territories. On the last day, 27 September, polling stations would open for residents. The occupation authorities explained this decision by concern for the safety of residents, many of whom had to vote in front-line settlements. Voters were coerced into voting with armed soldiers going door to door to collect votes. Ballots were filled out by

2501-456: The following types of high-level administrative divisions are recognized: Autonomous okrugs and okrugs are intermediary units of administrative divisions, which include some of the federal subject's districts and cities/towns/urban-type settlements of federal subject significance. Typical lower-level administrative divisions include: In the course of the Russian municipal reform of 2004–2005, all federal subjects of Russia were to streamline

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2562-632: The four regions, where military hostilities were ongoing at the time. Much of the population had fled since the beginning of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The referendums were illegal under international law and have been condemned by the United Nations as violations of the United Nations Charter . On 30 September 2022, Russia's president Vladimir Putin announced the annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts of Ukraine in an address to both houses of

2623-538: The head of the military-civilian administration of the Mykolaiv Oblast, Yuriy Barbashov claimed that a referendum would take place in Snihurivka to join Russia. The referendum would be aligned with the one in Kherson Oblast. Moreover, Ekaterina Gubareva , deputy head of the military-civilian administration of Kherson, claimed that occupied parts of Mykolaiv Oblast would be annexed into Kherson Oblast. It

2684-417: The offensive in the east and south. Analysts estimate Russia has lost tens of thousands of troops, has announced a mobilisation to recruit new soldiers, and is facing mounting backlash over its long-term invasion and the general mobilisation order. Sources such as The Guardian have called the referendums pre-determined and assumed that Russia will dictate that the results will favour annexation. During

2745-563: The only ones that have a peculiar status of being federal subjects in their own right, yet at the same time they are considered to be administrative divisions of other federal subjects (with the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug being the only exception). On 18 March 2014, as a part of the annexation of Crimea and following the establishment of the Republic of Crimea (an independent entity that was recognized only by Russia),

2806-594: The participation of Ukrainian citizens in these elections would be regarded as collaborationism , which is punishable by imprisonment for up to 12 years with confiscation of property. According to Ukrainian intelligence , before the Ukrainian counteroffensive , Russia planned to hold a referendum in Kharkiv Oblast in November, with a planned 75% vote in favour. In parallel, on 21 September, Vladimir Putin announced mobilization in Russia , which indicated

2867-681: The port city of Berdiansk was captured by the Russian military after a three-day battle. In July 2022, Yevhen Balytskyi , the Russian-installed Mayor of Melitopol and the head of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast Military–Civilian Administration , signed an order for the Central Election Commission of Zaporizhzhia to begin investigating the possibility of a referendum for the region to join the Russian Federation. The date of

2928-457: The presence of occupation authority heads Leonid Pasechnik , Denis Pushilin , Yevgeny Balitsky , and Vladimir Saldo , and Russian President Vladimir Putin . Like Crimea, none of the four occupied regions are internationally recognized as part of Russia. Prior to the adoption of the 1993 Constitution of Russia , the administrative-territorial structure of Russia was regulated by the Decree of

2989-579: The public chambers of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics appealed to their heads of state with a request to "immediately" hold a referendum on joining Russia. Soon, the State Duma announced that a referendum on the accession of the LPR to Russia would be held in the autumn "in the near future." On 20 September, the People's Council of the Luhansk People's Republic scheduled a referendum on

3050-480: The referendum on the entry of the Zaporizhzhia region into Russia will be determined "as soon as its security and freedom of expression are guaranteed," Vladimir Rogov , a member of the Russian-installed main council of the regional administration, told the media. On 11 August 2022, authorities in the occupied region expressed their desire to hold the referendum on 11 September 2022. On 26 August 2022,

3111-538: The region of Zaporizhzhia, many hate Russia — but in Donetsk and Luhansk, people have had their heads filled with propaganda for the past eight years." Military analysts link the decision to hold referendums with the weakness of the Russian Federation on the battlefield. Their announcement followed the rapid advance of the Ukrainian army in the weeks prior, defeating Russian troops in the Kharkiv direction and on

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3172-411: The regions. The federal district system was established on 13 May 2000. Since 30 September 2022, the Russian Federation has consisted of eighty-nine federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation. However, six of these federal subjects—the Republic of Crimea , the Donetsk People's Republic , the Kherson Oblast , the Lugansk People's Republic , the federal city of Sevastopol , and

3233-475: The republic's entry into Russia as a federal subject for 23–27 September. Soon after, the People's Council of the Donetsk People's Republic announced that the referendum on the entry of the DPR into the Russian Federation would be held on the same date. In the Donetsk People's Republic, the referendum question was phrased as Вы за вхождение Донецкой Народной Республики в состав Российской Федерации на правах субъекта Российской Федерации? ("Do you approve of

3294-420: The slogan " Kherson Is Ukraine ", which were repressed, with protestors being kidnapped. Local journalist Oleg Baturin, a victim of such a kidnapping, spoke about the use of torture and humiliation against him. The occupying authorities of the Kharkiv Oblast ruled out a formal vote until Russia occupied the entire region. The Russian military-appointed authorities of the Zaporizhzhia Oblast in August signed

3355-472: The soldiers rather than the voters themselves (voters were required to give their votes verbally to a soldier, who wrote on a sheet of paper ). Individuals were not allowed to vote, as there was only one vote allowed per household. Voters did not need any form of identification in order to cast a vote. The events ended on 27 September, although, according to the UK ambassador to Ukraine, the final results had likely already been decided beforehand. According to

3416-438: The structures of local self-government, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia . The reform mandated that each federal subject was to have a unified structure of municipal government bodies by 1 January 2005, and a law enforcing the reform provisions went into effect on 1 January 2006. According to the law, the units of the municipal division (called " municipal formations ") are as follows: Territories not included as

3477-418: The topic of conversation and directly supported their entry into the Russian Federation . The reservation gave rise to many rumors about the reality of this plan. Later, the heads of the DPR and the LPR Denis Pushilin and Leonid Pasechnik announced plans to hold referendums, but with the proviso that voting would be held after the end of the war. On 9 June, on the 350th anniversary of the birth of Peter

3538-426: The war. A KIIS poll conducted in September 2022 found that 87% of Ukrainians opposed any territorial concessions to Russia, up from 82% in May 2022. Only 24% of ethnic Russians in Ukraine supported territorial concessions to Russia. Many Ukrainians have fled Russian-occupied territories to avoid referendums and living in territory annexed by Russia. According to Ukrainian journalist Serhiy Harmash, "In Kherson and

3599-463: The world. As Meduza reported, the organization of the referendums was handled by the Russian State Council 's Administration for Ensuring Affairs under the leadership of Alexander Kharichev, a close associate of Kiriyenko. The voting was directly supervised by Kharichev's deputy Boris Rappoport, who is considered a crisis manager and specializes in problematic election campaigns, and since 2014, together with Vladislav Surkov , he has been involved in

3660-415: Was interpreted by the governments of the federal subjects as a sign that the matters of the administrative-territorial divisions became solely the responsibility of the federal subjects. As a result, the modern administrative-territorial structures of the federal subjects vary significantly from one federal subject to another. While the implementation details may be considerably different, in general, however,

3721-410: Was said that the referendum would take place in September. Snihurivka people protested against the sham referendum. On 8 July 2022, Vitaly Ganchev , the Russian-appointed head of the military-civilian administration of Kharkiv Oblast , said that Kharkiv is an 'inalienable' part of Russian territory and intends for Kharkiv to be annexed by the Russian Federation . But on 11 August, Ganchev told

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