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67-428: (Redirected from Zog ) Zog or ZOG may refer to: People [ edit ] King Zog I of Albania (1895–1961), ruled 1928 to 1939 Zog Djaloshi (born 2000), Albanian footballer The Zog , a nickname of American comedian Seth Herzog Fiction [ edit ] Zog (children's book) by Julia Donaldson Fictional entities [ edit ] Zog,

134-406: A Doctor Who stage play Other [ edit ] Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory , an antisemitic trope ZOG (hypertext) , an early hypertext system developed at Carnegie Mellon University during the 1970s Zillions of Games , a commercial general game playing system developed by Jeff Mallett and Mark Lefler in 1998 See also [ edit ] Zog BogBean – From

201-699: A beylik family in Ottoman Albania , Zogolli was active in Albanian politics from a young age and fought on the side of Austria-Hungary during the First World War . In 1922, he adopted the name Ahmed Zogu . He held various ministerial posts in the Albanian government before being driven into exile in June 1924, but returned later in the year with Yugoslav and White Russian military support and

268-747: A constitutional monarchy similar to the contemporary regime in Italy, created a strong police force, and instituted the Zogist salute (flat hand over the heart with palm facing downwards). Zog hoarded gold coins and precious stones, which were used to back Albania's first paper currency . Zog's mother, Sadije, was declared Queen Mother of Albania, and Zog also gave his brother and sisters Royal status as Prince and Princesses Zogu. One of his sisters, Senije ( c.  1897 – 1969), married Shehzade Mehmed Abid Efendi , another Ottoman prince and son of Sultan Abdul Hamid II . Zog's constitution forbade any Prince of

335-703: A constitutional monarchy . Under the royal constitution, the Albanian king, like the king of the Belgians , had to swear an oath before parliament before entering into his royal powers. The text of the oath was as follows: I, name, King of the Albanians, on ascending the Throne of the Albanian Kingdom and assuming the Royal powers, swear in the presence of God Almighty that I will maintain national unity,

402-490: A Western European lifestyle. Upon his return, Zogolli became involved in the political life of the fledgling Albanian government that had been created in the wake of the First World War. His political supporters included many southern feudal landowners called beys , Turkish for "province chieftain" with title variations including Beyg, Begum, Bygjymi. The Bey title refers to the social group to which he belonged, which

469-469: A constitutional monarch, in practice Zog retained the dictatorial powers he had enjoyed as president. Thus, in effect, Albania remained a military dictatorship. In 1938, as a result of a request from his advisor and friend Constantino Spanchis, Zog opened the borders of Albania to Jewish refugees fleeing persecution in Nazi Germany . Although born as an aristocrat and hereditary Bey , King Zog

536-548: A deal with his uncle, John of Gravina, exchanging his rights to the Kingdom of Albania for the Principality of Achaea. This transaction solidified Robert's control over Achaea while relinquishing his claim to Albania. Louis of Évreux inherited his Albanian title Duke of Durazzo through his second marriage in 1366 to Joanna, Duchess of Durazzo. Louis's marriage to Joanna not only brought him the rights to Durazzo but also to

603-495: A different director and each featuring a different opera aria. This segment, entitled ' Un ballo in maschera ' after the Giuseppe Verdi opera, was directed by Nicolas Roeg , with actor Theresa Russell playing King Zog during a fictionalized account of his visit to Vienna in 1931 and the assassination attempt on the steps of that city's opera house (as noted earlier, Zog had actually seen a performance of 'Pagliacci' before

670-489: A greater role in Albania's fiscal policy. His administration was marred by disputes with Kosovo Albanian leaders, primarily Hasan Prishtina and Bajram Curri , among others. On the debit side, Zogu's Albania was a police state in which civil liberties were all but nonexistent and the press was closely censored. Political opponents were imprisoned and often killed. For all intents and purposes, he held all governing power in

737-550: A kingdom on two occasions. The first occasion was after the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912, though a ruler was not chosen until 1914, and was forced into exile that year when World War I led to the occupation of Albania. The country remained unstable until establishing the Albanian Republic in 1924. The second occasion started in 1928, when the president of the republic declared himself

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804-511: A protectorate under Italy's King Victor Emmanuel III . While some Albanians continued to resist, "a large part of the population ... welcomed the Italians with cheers", according to one contemporary account. Prior to the birth of Prince Leka, the position of heir presumptive was held by Tati Esad Murad Kryziu , Prince of Kosova , who was born on the 24th of December 1923 in Tirana, and who

871-527: A state ceremony on 17 November 2012, coinciding with celebrations for Albania's independence centennial . The bodies of the king and his family members now lie in the reconstructed royal mausoleum in the capital Tirana. The interment was attended by the government of Albania, including the President and Prime Minister, and representatives of the former royal families of Romania, Montenegro, Russia and Albania. In Albania: From other countries: Zog's name

938-518: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Zog I of Albania leader of Albania Government Battle Life in exile and death Legacy Family Zog I (born Ahmed Muhtar Zogolli ; 8 October 1895 – 9 April 1961) was the leader of Albania from 1922 to 1939. At age 27, he first served as Albania's youngest ever Prime Minister (1922–1924), then as president (1925–1928), and finally as king (1928–1939). Born to

1005-676: The Albanian Parliament proclaimed Victor Emmanuel as the new King of the Albanians. When the Italian Armed Forces started being decimated in 1943, Victor Emmanuel signed the Armistice of Cassibile with the Allies on 3 September 1943, which included his abdication as the Albanian monarch and the end of the so-called protectorate. While Zog I was reinstated as king (in absentia) by pro-monarchy partisans, this action

1072-606: The Balkan states . Albania then drifted back into the Italian orbit. Two days after the birth of Zog's son and heir apparent, on 7 April 1939 ( Good Friday ), Mussolini's Italy invaded , facing no significant resistance. The Albanian army was ill-equipped to resist, as it was almost entirely dominated by Italian advisors and officers and was no match for the Italian Army. The Italians were, however, resisted by small elements in

1139-563: The First Treaty of Tirana (1926), although Zog still retained British officers in the Gendarmerie as a counterbalance against the Italians, who had pressured Zog to remove them. During the worldwide depression of the early 1930s, Zog's government became almost completely dependent on Mussolini. Grain had to be imported, many Albanians emigrated, and Italians were allowed to settle in Albania. In 1932 and 1933, Albania could not pay

1206-489: The Foch Hospital , Suresnes , Hauts-de-Seine on 9 April 1961, aged 65, of an undisclosed condition. Zog was said to have regularly smoked 200 cigarettes a day, giving him a possible claim to the title of the world's heaviest smoker in 1929, but had been seriously ill for some time. He was survived by his wife and son, and was initially buried at the cimetière parisien de Thiais , near Paris. On his death, his son Leka

1273-1011: The Germans invaded . Their escape from France was helped by Prince Mehmed Orhan Osmanoğlu from the Ottoman Imperial Dynasty , who was aide-de-camp of Zog I. The royal family then settled in England. Their first residence was at The Ritz in London. This was followed in 1941 by a brief stay at Forest Ridge, a house in the South Ascot area of Sunninghill in Berkshire , near where Zog's nieces had been at school in Ascot . In 1941 they moved to Parmoor House, Parmoor , near Frieth in Buckinghamshire, with some staff of

1340-490: The Italian language in all Albanian schools, a demand that was swiftly refused by Zog. In defiance of Italian demands, he ordered the national budget to be slashed by 30 percent, dismissed all Italian military advisers, and nationalized Italian-run Roman Catholic schools in the north of Albania to decrease Italian influence on the population of Albania. In 1934, he tried without success to build ties with France , Germany , and

1407-753: The Ottoman Empire , Upon his father's death in 1911, Zogolli became governor of Mat, being appointed ahead of his elder half-brother, Xhelal Bey Zogolli . In 1912, he participated in the Albanian Declaration of Independence as the representative of the Mat District. As a young man during the First World War, Zogolli volunteered on the side of Austria-Hungary . He was detained at Vienna in 1917 and 1918 and in Rome in 1918 and 1919 before returning to Albania in 1919. During his time in Vienna, he grew to enjoy

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1474-889: The Second World War but was barred from returning to Albania by the anti-monarchist government led by Enver Hoxha . Zog spent the rest of his life in France and died in April 1961 at the age of 65. His remains were buried at the Thiais Cemetery near Paris, before being transferred to the royal mausoleum in Tirana in 2012. Zog was born as Ahmed Muhtar Zogolli in Burgajet Castle , near Burrel in northern Albania, third son to Xhemal Pasha Zogolli , and first son by his second wife Sadije Toptani in 1895. His family

1541-475: The Albanian political émigrés in Vienna were subsequently arrested, beside Hasan Prishtina . Most of them were quickly released and expelled from Austria. Gjeloshi was sentenced to 3 years and 6 months of jail, while Çami got 2 years and 6 months. The fascist government of Benito Mussolini 's Italy had supported Zog since early in his presidency; that support had led to increased Italian influence in Albanian affairs. The Italians compelled Zog to refuse to renew

1608-420: The Albanian sovereign could not be seen as holding a title inferior to that of the king of Montenegro . Prince William's full style was: "By the grace of the powers and the will of the people the prince of Albania". William was forced into exile by internal disorder just after the outbreak of World War I , and Albania was to be occupied by various foreign powers for most of the war. In the confusing aftermath of

1675-625: The European model, though large parts of Albania still maintained a social structure unchanged from the days of Ottoman rule, and most villages were serf plantations run by the Beys. On 28 June 1925, Zogu ceded Sveti Naum to Yugoslavia in exchange for Peshkëpi (Pëshkupat) village and other concessions. Zogu enacted several major reforms. His principal ally during this period was the Kingdom of Italy , which lent his government funds in exchange for

1742-482: The European stage. He also initially took the parallel name "Skanderbeg III" (Zogu claimed to be a successor of Skanderbeg through descent through Skanderbeg's sister; "Skanderbeg II" was taken to be Prince Wied , but this fell out of use). On the same day as he declared himself king (he was never technically crowned), he also declared himself Field Marshal of the Royal Albanian Army . He proclaimed

1809-540: The First is clearly standing in for King Zog I, for both are Muslims and both were first president before being the first king of their Balkan nation. (Italy is Santa Bellanca, which is behaving badly in Africa in the work, a tie to the invasion and conquest of Ethiopia.) In the animated series Disenchantment , King Zog is referenced as the first and only King of Albania. King of Albania The modern Albania has been

1876-527: The Kingdom of Albania and the title (Regnum Albaniae) King of Albania , which he sought to recover. Durazzo, the remnant of the kingdom, was under the control of Karl Thopia at the time. Louis received assistance from his brother and the King of France in his efforts to reclaim Durazzo and Albania. In 1372, he brought over the Navarrese Company of mercenaries, who had previously fought with him during

1943-627: The Marcy Playground , John Wozniak album Zog-zog monkey , also known as Prince Bernhard's titi monkey Zod (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ZOG . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ZOG&oldid=1242458114 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

2010-628: The Royal House from serving as Prime Minister or a member of the Cabinet, and contained provisions for the potential extinction of the royal family. The constitution also forbade the union of the Albanian throne with that of any other country, a term which would later be violated with the Italian invasion . Under the Zogist constitution, the King of the Albanians, like the King of the Belgians , ascended

2077-475: The corridors of the Albanian Parliament premises on 23 February 1924. Beqir Valteri , originating from the same area as Zog, was waiting for him and opened fire suddenly. Zog was shot twice. Meanwhile, Valteri fled but, surrounded by the militia, took refuge in one of the bathrooms, refusing to surrender and singing patriotic songs. According to the memoirs of Ekrem Vlora , he surrendered after

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2144-639: The court living in locations around Lane End. In 1946, Zog and most of his family left England and went to live in Egypt at the behest of King Farouk . In 1951, Zog bought the Knollwood estate in Muttontown, New York , Long Island but the sixty-room estate was never occupied; it quickly fell into ruin and Zog sold the estate in 1955. Farouk was overthrown in 1952 , and the family left for France in 1955. He made his final home in France, where he died at

2211-401: The daughter of Shefqet Bey Verlaci before he became king. Soon after he became king, however, he broke off the engagement. According to traditional customs of blood vengeance prevalent in Albania at the time, Verlaci had the right and obligation to kill Zog. The king frequently surrounded himself with a personal guard and avoided public appearances. He also feared that he might be poisoned, so

2278-495: The gendarmerie and general population. The royal family, realising that their lives were in danger, fled into exile, taking with them a considerable amount of gold from the National Bank of Tirana and Durrës . Since the royal family had expected an Italian invasion, the gathering of gold had started in advance. "Oh God, it was so short" were King Zog's last words to Geraldine on Albanian soil. Mussolini declared Albania

2345-498: The home planet of the puppet characters Zig and Zag Zog, Triceraton soldier in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles universe Zog, robot character in the film Astro Boy (2009) King Zøg, father of the protagonist Bean in the animated series Disenchantment Zog, semi-humanoid sea-monster and evil magician in L. Frank Baum's fantasy novel The Sea Fairies (published 1911) Zog , an alien in

2412-435: The independence of the state, and its territorial integrity, and I will maintain and conform to the statute and laws in force, having the good of the people always in mind. So help me God! Zog's kingdom was closely tied to Italy , then ruled by Victor Emmanuel III . On April 7, 1939, Italy occupied Albania, treating it as the Italian protectorate of Albania . Zog fled the country, though he never abdicated, and five days later

2479-532: The independence settlement imposed by the Great Powers , the country was styled a principality , and its ruler, William of Wied ( German : Wilhelm zu Wied ), was titled prince. However, these styles were only used outside the country. In Albanian , William was referred to as mbret , meaning king. This was because many local nobles already had the title of prince ( princ , prinq , or prenk in various Albanian dialects), and because domestically

2546-669: The interest on its loans from the Society for the Economic Development of Albania, and the Italians used this as a pretext for further dominance. They demanded that Tirana put Italians in charge of the Gendarmerie, join Italy in a customs union, and grant the Italian Kingdom control of Albania's sugar, telegraph, and electrical monopolies. Finally, Italy called for the Albanian government to establish teaching of

2613-595: The intervention of Qazim Koculi and Ali Klissura . Zog stepped down briefly from political activity, but promised to forgive Valteri. Valteri, a member of the revolutionary Bashkimi ("The union") committee led by Avni Rustemi , was set free by the Court of Tirana after declaring that it was an individual act. Meanwhile, all rumors pointed to the opposition, specifically to Rustemi. Two weeks later Zog and Valteri would meet in private. Soon after, Rustemi would be shot. Another attempt occurred on 21 February 1931, while Zog

2680-575: The littlest child to the oldest man, to show our independence is not for sale." The world, aware that Zog and his entourage had carried off most of the Albanian treasury's gold, was not impressed. After a short stay in Greece, the Zog party went to Istanbul in Turkey , then fled through Romania , Poland , Latvia , Sweden , Norway , Belgium to Paris . Zog and his family lived a time in France and fled when

2747-687: The main pretender to the Albanian Throne is his son Leka II . This is a compilation of rulers who proclaimed themselves as the sovereigns of Albania and or Albanians as a unified entity, throughout history. Holding various titles such as kings, princes, despots, lords, etc.. Starting from one of the first established Albanian monarchies. Dhimitër Progoni from the Progoni family in the 12th-13th century. Upon his father's death in 1331, Robert II of Taranto inherited his titles, including that of (Regnum Albaniae) King of Albania . In 1332, he struck

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2814-463: The monarchy in the person of Zog's son Leka Zogu who, since 1961, had been styled "Leka I, King of the Albanians". The official but disputed results stated that about two-thirds of voters favoured a continued republican government. Leka, believing the result to be fraudulent, attempted an armed uprising: he was unsuccessful and was forced into exile, although he later returned and lived in Tirana until his death on 30 November 2011. A main street in Tirana

2881-591: The mother of the king assumed supervision of the royal kitchen. In April 1938, Zog married Countess Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Appony , a Roman Catholic aristocrat who was half- Hungarian and half- American . The ceremony was broadcast throughout Tirana via Radio Tirana that was officially launched by the monarch five months later. Their only child, Crown Prince Leka , was born in Albania on 5 April 1939. About 600 blood feuds reportedly existed against Zog, and during his reign he reputedly survived more than 55 assassination attempts. One of these occurred inside

2948-524: The nation. On 1 September 1928, Albania was transformed into a kingdom, and President Zogu declared himself to be Zog I, with the title King of the Albanians . He appointed as his advisor Mehmed Orhan Efendi , a prince of the recently-abolished Ottoman Empire . He took as his regnal name his surname rather than his forename since the Islamic name Ahmet might have had the effect of isolating him on

3015-596: The new monarch. The continuity of the second modern kingdom is distorted by the onset of World War II , occupation by Italy until 1943, then occupation by Nazi Germany until 1944, then civil war until 1946, which ended with the establishment of the People's Republic of Albania . After Albania became the last European nation to embrace the Fall of Communism in 1992, it became a unitary parliamentary constitutional republic , though there continue to be hereditary pretenders to

3082-559: The other resistance groups and eventually took control of the country . They were able to defeat the Nazi remnants and had full control of Albania in November 1944. Zog attempted to reclaim his throne after the war. However, when the communist government, successful in its partisan movement, seized power, one of its first acts was to ban Zog from ever returning to Albania. It formally deposed him in 1946. In 1952, his representatives met with

3149-547: The real attack). In the "new" Doc Savage pulp fiction novel, The Whistling Wraith (July 1993, Bantam/Spectra), from the original notes of Lester Dent (primary writer of the sagas) but now completed as a novel by Will Murray, the life & person of Zog, as well as Albania's political problems and foreign policy issues with Mussolini's Italy are key to the plot. The story slots into the Doc Savage timeline in 1938 (a few weeks after The Motion Menace, per p. 61). Egil Goz

3216-571: The representatives of the Yugoslavian government over possible collaboration. Sponsored by MI6 and the CIA , some forces loyal to Zog attempted to mount infiltrations into the country , but most were ambushed due to intelligence sent to the Soviet Union by spy Kim Philby . A referendum in 1997 – seven years after the end of Communist rule – proposed to restore

3283-546: The return of King Zog; however, they were not successful. Neither Zog nor Victor Emmanuel had the Albanian royal title widely acknowledged by the international community. Zog's son, Crown Prince Leka (1939–2011), was the main pretender to the Albanian Crown. As he himself stated, his title was not "king of Albania" but "king of the Albanians", which included a claim to Kosovo and part of today's North Macedonia . Since Crown Prince Leka's death in late November, 2011,

3350-564: The throne and exercised Royal powers only after taking an oath before Parliament; Zog himself swore an oath on the Bible and the Quran (the king being Muslim ) in an attempt to unify the country. In 1929, King Zog abolished Islamic law in Albania, adopting in its place a civil code based on the Swiss one, as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk had done in Turkey in the same decade. Although nominally

3417-494: The title of King of the Albanians. The Albanian Congress of Trieste of 1913 discussed the question of the future prince and several candidates came through: Baron Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás , Marchese D'Auletta (claiming descendance from Skanderbeg ) with the support of the Arbereshe delegates and Italy , Prince Albert Ghica from Romania supported by the Albanian colony there , and Aladro Kastriota . Under

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3484-475: The villainous Francisco Scaramanga telling his compatriots that the Rastafari of Jamaica "believes it owes allegiance" to the King of Ethiopia , this "King Zog or what-have-you." Fleming had been assigned with the task of escorting Zog when in exile after Albania was annexed by Italy. In Aria , a 1987 British anthology film, Zog was a character in the first of ten short self-contained segments, each by

3551-470: The war, some of the several regimes competing for power officially styled themselves as regencies for William. Albania's first monarchy ended definitively when the restored central government declared the country a republic in 1924. Four years later, on September 1, 1928, President Ahmed Bey Zogu proclaimed himself "king of the Albanians" ( Mbret i Shqiptarëve in Albanian). Zog sought to establish

3618-458: Was a beylik family of landowners , with feudal authority over the region of Mati . His grandfather was Xhelal Pasha Zogolli . His mother's Toptani family claimed to be descended from the sister of Albania's greatest national hero, the 15th-century general Skanderbeg . He was educated at Galatasaray High School ( French : Lycée Impérial de Galatasaray ) in Beyoğlu , a district of the capital of

3685-457: Was also used by noble families in the north, along with merchants, industrialists, and intellectuals. During the early 1920s, Zogolli served as Governor of Shkodër (1920–1921), Minister of the Interior (March–November 1920, 1921–1924), and chief of the Albanian military (1921–1922). His primary rivals were Luigj Gurakuqi and Fan S. Noli . In 1922, Zogolli formally changed his surname from Zogolli to Zogu, which sounds more Albanian. In 1923, he

3752-412: Was born a year later. Albania fell further under Italian influence during Zog's reign, and by the end of the 1930s the country had become almost fully dependent on Italy despite Zog's resistance. In April 1939, Italy invaded Albania and the country was rapidly overrun. Mussolini declared Albania an Italian protectorate under King Victor Emmanuel III , forcing Zog into exile. He lived in England during

3819-520: Was in the company of Minister Eqrem Libohova who was wounded, while Zog's guard Llesh Topallaj was mistaken for Zog by Gjeloshi, who shot him three times in the back of the head. Çami's gun was stuck and did not fire. Zog came out of the event unharmed, thanks also to the prompt intervention of Albanian Consul Zef Serreqi and local police. The Austrian authorities arrested Çami, Gjeloshi, and later Qazim Mulleti , Rexhep Mitrovica , Menduh Angoni , Angjelin Suma , Luigj Shkurti, Sejfi Vllamasi , etc. All

3886-428: Was in use by 1972 in the English language palaeontological mnemonic for the names of zonal index fossils in part of the Lower Carboniferous System of Great Britain (namely C leistopora, which geologists decided to call 'zone k', Z aphrentis, C aninia, S eminula and D ibanophylum): " K ing Z og c aught s yphilis and d ied". In the James Bond novel The Man with the Golden Gun , Ian Fleming writes of

3953-427: Was later renamed " Boulevard Zog I " by the Albanian government. In October 2012, the government of Albania decided to bring back the remains of the former king from France, where he died in 1961. Zog's body was exhumed from the Thiais Cemetery , Paris on 15 November 2012. A guard of honour was provided by the French President, in the form of French Legionnaires in ceremonial dress. Zog's remains were returned in

4020-417: Was officially elected as the first President of Albania by the Constituent Assembly on 21 January 1925, taking office on 1 February for a seven-year term. A new constitution vested Zogu with sweeping executive and legislative powers, to the point that he was effectively a dictator. He had the right to appoint all major government personnel, as well as one-third of the lower house. Zogu's government followed

4087-399: Was opposed by pro-communist partisans, all made moot as Nazi Germany immediately commenced the German occupation of Albania . The Germans were pushed out by late 1944, by which point the partisan factions were basically fighting a civil war. This continued until the socialist People's Republic of Albania was established in 1946. During and after World War II , some Albanians worked for

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4154-440: Was pronounced H. M. King Leka of the Albanians by the exiled Albanian community. His widow, Geraldine, died of natural causes in 2002 at the age of 87 in a military hospital in Tirana . During World War II , three resistance groups were operating in Albania : the nationalists , the royalists and the communists . Some of the Albanian establishment opted for collaboration . The communist partisans refused to co-operate with

4221-448: Was shot and wounded in Parliament . A crisis arose in 1924 after the assassination of one of Zogu's industrialist opponents, Avni Rustemi ; in the aftermath, a leftist revolt forced Zogu, along with 600 of his allies, into exile in June 1924. He returned to Albania with the backing of Yugoslav forces and Yugoslavia-based General Pyotr Wrangel 's White Russian troops led by Russian Gen Sergei Ulagay and became Prime Minister . Zogu

4288-533: Was somewhat ignored by other monarchs in Europe because he was a self-proclaimed monarch who had no links to any other European royal families. Nonetheless, he did have strong connections with Muslim royal families in the Arab World , particularly Egypt , whose ruling dynasty had Albanian origins. As king, he was honoured by the governments of Italy , Luxembourg , Egypt , Yugoslavia , France , Romania , Greece , Belgium , Bulgaria , Hungary , Poland , Czechoslovakia , and Austria . Zog had been engaged to

4355-448: Was subsequently elected prime minister. Zogu was elected president in January 1925 and vested with dictatorial powers, with which he enacted major domestic reforms, suppressed civil liberties , and struck an alliance with Benito Mussolini's Italy . In September 1928, Albania was proclaimed a monarchy and he acceded to the throne as Zog I, King of the Albanians. He married Geraldine Apponyi de Nagy-Appony in 1938, and their only child Leka

4422-582: Was the son of the King's sister, Princess Nafije. He became an honorary General of the Royal Albanian Army in 1928, at age five. He was made Heir Presumptive with the style of His Highness and title of "Prince of Kosova" ( Princ i Kosovës ) in 1931. After the royal house's exile, he moved to France, where he died in August 1993, aged 69. The royal family fled to Greece . Zog, speaking a few days after his arrival there, characterized Hitler and Mussolini as madmen facing "two fools who sleep": Chamberlain and Daladier . Zog went on to declare, "We prefer to die, from

4489-408: Was visiting the Vienna State Opera house for a performance of Pagliacci . The attackers ( Aziz Çami and Ndok Gjeloshi ) struck whilst Zog was getting into his car. The attempt was organized by "National Union" ( Albanian : Bashkimi Kombëtar" ), a union of Zog opponents in exile which was formed in Vienna (1925) with the initiative of Ali Këlcyra , Sejfi Vllamasi , Xhemal Bushati etc. Zog

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