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30-557: Zarephath may refer to the following : Places Alternative name for Ancient Phoenician city Sarepta , now Sarafand, Lebanon Zarephath, New Jersey in the United States Other Raising of the son of the widow of Zarephath Zarephath Wines See also [ edit ] Tzarfat Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

60-632: A collection of material and passed it to the National Museum of Beirut . It consisted of an assemblage of large flakes and bifaces in Eocene flint . Some piebald flint blades were also found along with hammerstones in Nummulitic limestone that resemble finds from Aadloun II (Bezez Cave), which is located 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) to the South. Khalaf also found a well-made adze and

90-656: A cultic mask. In Hebrew after the Diaspora , the name צרפת , ts-r-f-t, Tsarfat (Zarephath) is used to mean France , perhaps because the Hebrew letters ts-r-f , if reversed, become f-r-ts . That usage is retained in daily use in contemporary Hebrew. Abu Dhar al-Ghifari This is an accepted version of this page Abu Dharr Al-Ghifari Al-Kinani ( أَبُو ذَرّ ٱلْغِفَارِيّ ٱلْكِنَانِيّ , ʾAbū Ḏarr al-Ghifārīy al-Kinānīy ), also spelled Abu Tharr or Abu Zar , born Jundab ibn Junādah ( جُنْدَب ٱبْن جُنَادَة ),

120-424: A house yonder (meaning the hereafter ), to which we send the best of our possessions." The man understood what Abu Dharr meant and replied: "But you must have some possessions so long as you are in this abode." "The owner of this abode will not leave us in it," said Abu Dharr. Also, when the governor ( amir ) of Syria sent Abu Dharr three hundred dinars to meet his needs, he returned the money saying, "Does not

150-533: A narrow, slightly polished chisel . A collection in the National Museum of Beirut marked "Jezzine ou Sarepta" consisted of around twelve neatly made discoid - and tortoise -cores in cherty flint of a cream colour with a tinge of red. The low tell on the seashore was excavated by James B. Pritchard over five years from 1969 to 1974. Civil war in Lebanon put an end to the excavations. The site of

180-550: A seal with the city's name made the identification secure. The local Bronze Age-Iron Age stratigraphy was established in detail; absolute dating depends in part on correlations with Cypriote and Aegean stratigraphy. The climax of the Sarepta discoveries at Sarafand is the cult shrine of " Tanit / Astart ", who is identified in the site by an inscribed votive ivory plaque, the first identification of Tanit in her homeland. The site revealed figurines, further carved ivories, amulets and

210-567: A serious young man, an ascetic and a monotheist even before he converted. He was born to the Ghifar clan, located to the south-west of Medina. Abu Dharr was apparently typical of the early converts to Islam, described by Ibn Shihab al-Zuhri as "young men and weak people". They were a part of the Ghifar clan of the Banu Bakr ibn Abd Manat tribe, part of the Kinana tribes, which also included

240-472: A simplified account of stories reported in these hadiths , 31:6049 , 31:6048 and 31:6046 . According to the early Islamic historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari , Abu Dharr claimed to have been the fourth or fifth convert to Islam. However, Saad bin Abi Waqqas made the same claim. While the exact order of conversion may never be established, there is no doubt that he was a very early convert. During

270-508: Is a Shia tradition that Muhammad predicted this sad end during the Battle of Tabouk , when Abu Dharr was left behind because his camel was ill or too weak. So he alighted from the camel and, placing the pack on his back, walked to join the rest of the army. Muhammad saw him and exclaimed: Abu Dharr, may Allah have mercy upon you! You'll live alone, die alone and enter Paradise alone. Many hadith (oral traditions) are traced to Abu Dharr. He

300-635: Is respected as an early and observant Muslim, and a man who was honest and direct to a fault. He was, according to the Sunni tradition, a rough, unlettered Bedouin who held no high office, but who served the Muslim community, the Ummah , with everything he had to give. During the caliphate of Uthman , he stayed in Damascus and witnessed Muslims deviating from Islam, going after worldly pleasures and desires. He

330-567: Is the exception, the one Phoenician city in the heartland of the culture that has been unearthed and thoroughly studied. Sarepta is mentioned for the first time in the voyage of an Egyptian in the 14th century BCE. Obadiah says it was the northern boundary of Canaan : “And the exiles of this host of the sons of Israel who are among the Canaanites as far as Zarephath (Heb. צרפת), and the exiles of Jerusalem who are in Sepharad, will possess

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360-584: The Quraysh tribe of Muhammad . Popular accounts of Abu Dharr reported that his tribe lived by pillaging caravans , but that he preferred to live a poor but honest life as a shepherd. Having heard the contention that a new prophet had arisen in Mecca, Abu Dharr and his brother travelled to Mecca to find him. He converted instantly and rushed out to declare his new faith in front of the Kaaba , which at that time

390-542: The 6th century call it a small town but very Christian. It contained at that time a church dedicated to St. Elias (Elijah). The Notitia episcopatuum , a list of bishoprics made in Antioch in the 6th century, speaks of Sarepta as a suffragan see of Tyre ; all of its bishops are unknown. The diocese was nominally restored as titular see , twice: in Latin and Maronite ( Eastern Catholic ) traditions. This titular bishopric

420-646: The Medinan Zayd ibn Thabit from the khums of the booty seized in Ifriqiya in 647 CE. He then quoted relevant Qur'anic passages threatening the hoarders of riches with hell-fire. Marwan complained to Uthman who sent his servant Natil to warn Abu Dharr, but to no avail. Uthman displayed patience for some time until, in the presence of the caliph, Abu Dharr launched an angry verbal attack on Ka'ab al-Ahbar , who had backed Uthman's use of public money. Uthman now chided Abu Dharr and sent him to Damascus . There

450-1026: The amir find a servant more deserving of it than I?" Muhammad said about him: "The earth does not carry nor the heavens cover a man more true and faithful than Abu Dharr." Abu Dharr died in 652 CE. Aba Dharr is considered one of the greatest and most loyal sahaba, along with Salman the Persian , Miqdad ibn Aswad , and Ammar ibn Yasir . When Abu Dharr was exiled to al-Rabathah by Caliph Uthman bin Affan under duress from Muawiyah , Ali and his sons, Hasan and Husayn , went to see him off. Ali said to him: Abu Dharr, you've become very angry for Allah. The people are worried about their religion, and you are worried about your religion. So, leave what they are worried about in your hands and escape from them with what you're worried about. They're in need of what you've prevented them from. And you're in no need of what they've prevented you from. Tomorrow you'll know who will be

480-416: The ancient town is marked by the ruins on the shore to the south of the modern village, about eight miles to the south of Sidon, which extend along the shore for a mile or more. They are in two distinct groups, one on a headland to the west of a fountain called ‛Ain el-Ḳantara, which is not far from the shore. Here was the ancient harbor which still affords shelter for small craft. The other group of ruins, to

510-470: The cities of the south.” The medieval lexicographer, David ben Abraham Al-Alfāsī, identifies Zarephath with the city of Ṣarfend (Judeo-Arabic: צרפנדה). Originally Sidonian, the town passed to the Tyrians after the invasion of Shalmaneser IV , 722 BCE. It fell to Sennacherib in 701 BCE. The first Books of Kings (17:8-24) describes the city as being subject to Sidon in the time of Ahab , and says that

540-685: The expedition led by Ka'b ibn 'Umair al-Ghifari, his son Umair al-Ghifari was killed. In this expedition Muhammad ordered an attack on the Banu Quda'a tribe because Muhammad received intelligence that they had gathered a large number of men to attack the Muslim positions. In response Muhammad ordered the third expedition led by Dhu Qarad to take revenge for the killing of the son of Abu Dharr Ghifari at al-Ghaba. Abu Dharr had begun his agitation in Medina after Uthman had given 500,000 dirhams to Marwan I , 300,000 to al-Harith ibn al-Hakam , and 100,000 to

570-481: The objects by which Phoenician culture is characterised are those that have been recovered scattered among Phoenician colonies and trading posts; such carefully excavated colonial sites are in Spain , Sicily , Sardinia and Tunisia . The sites of many Phoenician cities, like Sidon and Tyre, by contrast, are still occupied, unavailable to archaeology except in highly restricted chance sites, usually much disturbed. Sarepta

600-544: The prophet Elijah , after leaving the brook Cherith , multiplied the meal and oil of the widow of Zarephath (Sarepta) and resurrected her son, an incident also referred to by Jesus in Luke's Gospel . Zarephath (צרפת ṣārĕfáṯ, tsarfát; Σάρεπτα, Sárepta) in Hebrew became the eponym for any smelter or forge , or metalworking shop. In the 1st century CE, the Roman Sarepta, a port about 1 km (0.62 mi) to

630-719: The south is mentioned by Josephus and by Pliny the Elder . Sarepta is the location of a Shia shrine to Abu Dhar al-Ghifari , a Companion of Muhammad . The shrine is believed to have been built at least several centuries after Abu Dhar's death. After the Islamization of the area, in 1185, the Greek monk Phocas, making a gazetteer of the Holy Land ( De locis sanctis , 7), found the town almost in its ancient condition. A century later, according to Burchard of Mount Sion , it

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660-488: The south, consists of columns , sarcophagi and marble slabs, indicating a city of considerable importance. Pritchard's excavations revealed many artifacts of daily life in the ancient Phoenician city of Sarepta: pottery workshops and kilns , artifacts of daily use and religious figurines, numerous inscriptions that included some in Ugaritic . Pillar worship is traceable from an 8th-century shrine of Tanit-Ashtart , and

690-490: The title Zarephath . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zarephath&oldid=763953030 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sarepta Most of

720-413: The winner. Abu Dharr, nothing amuses you but the truth and nothing annoys you but the untruth. Abu Dharr, his wife and his daughter were exiled to al-Rabathah, a rural town outside Madinah , as he recalled Muhammad's words : "Abu Dharr, may Allah have mercy upon you. You'll live alone, die alone, rise from the dead alone and enter Paradise alone." Abu Dharr was extremely devoted to Islam, and Muhammad

750-536: Was a pagan temple. He was beaten for his religious beliefs. He did this three days in a row, after which the Islamic prophet Muhammad told him to return to his clan, where he taught his people about Islam. He and his tribe then joined Muhammad after the Hijra , or migration to Medina in 622 CE. Muhammad once said that "the sky did not spread its canopy on any man who was more truthful than Abu Dharr." This seems to be

780-469: Was established in 1983. It has had the following incumbents of the fitting episcopal (lowest) rank: It was established as titular bishopric no later than the 15th century. It has been vacant for decades, having had the following incumbents: A Heavy Neolithic archaeological site of the Qaraoun culture that pre-dated Sarepta by several thousand years was discovered at Sarafand by Hajji Khalaf . He made

810-755: Was in ruins and contained only seven or eight houses. Even after the Crusader states had collapsed, the Roman Catholic Church continued to appoint purely titular bishops of Sarepta, the most noted being Thomas of Wroclaw who held the post from 1350 until 1378. Sarepta as a Christian city was mentioned in the Itinerarium Burdigalense ; the Onomasticon of Eusebius and in Jerome ; by Theodosius and Pseudo-Antoninus who, in

840-418: Was regarded by many, including Ali Shariati , Muhammad Sharqawi and Sami Ayad Hanna, as a principal antecedent of Islamic socialism , or the first Islamic socialist. He protested against the accumulation of wealth by the ruling class during 'Uthmān 's caliphate and urged the equitable redistribution of wealth . Little is known of his life before his conversion to Islam . Abu Dharr is said to have been

870-580: Was saddened and repelled by this. So Uthman invited him to come to Madinah where he was also disturbed by people's pursuit of worldly goods and pleasures. Abu Dharr then asked Uthman for permission to live in al-Rabathah, a small village in eastern Madinah. Uthman approved his request. Abu Dharr stayed there away from people, holding on to the traditions ( sunnah ) of Muhammad and his companions. A relevant story about him is: A man visited him once and when he found his house almost bare, he asked Abu Dharr: "Where are your possessions?" Abu Dharr said: "We have

900-678: Was the fourth or fifth person converting to Islam , and a member of the Muhajirun . He belonged to the Banu Ghifar , the Kinanah tribe. His date of birth is unknown. He died in 652 CE, at Al-Rabadha , in the desert east of Medina . Abu Dharr is remembered for his strict piety and also his opposition to Muawiyah during the caliphate of Uthman ibn Affan . He is venerated by Shia Muslims as one of The Four Companions , early Muslims who were followers ( Shia ) of Ali ibn Abi Talib . He

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