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30-484: Zhabdrung (also Shabdrung ): Zhabdrung - was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage. Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyal - was a Tibetan Buddhist lama and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state. Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

60-618: A literacy rate of 60.61%. A sizeable population of 20,000 live in Tawang town. The dominant ethnic group are the Monpa , who inhabit all of the 163 villages. The Tibetan are also found in small scattered numbers throughout Tawang. The Takpa , a small tribal group, are found in small, scattered numbers in the West and the North. Languages of Tawang (2011) Most of the people, which includes

90-460: A successor Zhabdrung . In order to forestall a dynastic struggle and a return to warlordism, they conspired to keep the death of the Zhabdrung secret for 54 years. During this time they issued orders in his name, explaining that he was on an extended silent retreat. The passing of the 1st Zhabdrung is modernly celebrated as a Bhutanese national holiday , falling on the 3rd. month, 10th day of

120-644: Is associated with Drepung Monastery in Lhasa . The name Tawang means Chosen Horse . It is also known by another Tibetan name, Galden Namgey Lhatse, which means a true name within a celestial paradise in a clear night. When the current Dalai Lama (14th Dalai Lama) fled from Tibet in 1959 to escape from the Chinese army, he crossed into India on 30 March 1959 and spent some days resting at Tawang Monastery before reaching Tezpur in Assam on 18 April. As recently as 2003,

150-642: Is available, especially meat and vegetarian momos and cream buns. Tawang also hosted the 2nd International Tourism Mart in October 2013. Samding Dorje Phagmo The Tawang Monastery was founded by the Mera Lama Lodre Gyatso in accordance to the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama , Nagwang Lobsang Gyatso. The monastery belongs to the Gelugpa sect and is the largest Buddhist monastery in India. It

180-475: Is by buses, private taxis and shared taxis. It is an arduous journey: most of the road is loose tarmac and gravel giving way to mud in many places. However, it is a scenic journey of nearly 12 hours, crossing Bomdila Pass 2,438 metres (8,000 feet), peaking at Sela Pass 4,176 metres (13,700 feet), Jaswant Garh and, finally, Tawang. Government buses often break down (usually on the way up) and passengers end up hitchhiking in private cars and taxis. En route, local food

210-458: Is divided into 2 administrative circles: Tawang and Kitpi. Lumla sub-division is divided into 4 administrative circles: Bongkhar, Dudunghar, Lumla and Zemithang. Jang sub-division is divided into 4 administrative circles: Jang, Mukto, Thingbu and Lhou. There are 3 Arunachal Pradesh Legislative Assembly constituencies located in this district: Lumla, Tawang and Mukto. All of these are part of Arunachal West Lok Sabha constituency . According to

240-481: Is roughly located around latitude 27° 45’ N and longitude 90° 15’ E at the northwest extremity of Arunachal Pradesh . Elevations range between 6,000 and 22,000 feet (6,700 m), and inhabitants are found at lower altitude, where they enjoy a cool temperate climate. The district was carved out of the West Kameng district, which adjoins it to the south and east. Bhutan borders Tawang to the west whereas Tibet

270-443: Is the smallest of the 26 administrative districts of Arunachal Pradesh state in northeastern India . With a population of 49,977, it is the eighth least populous district in the country (out of 707 ). Tawang is inhabited by the Monpa people . From 500 BC to 600 AD a kingdom known as Lhomon or Monyul ruled the area. The Monyul kingdom was later absorbed into the control of neighbouring Bhutan and Tibet . Tawang Monastery

300-468: Is to the north of the district. The district occupies an area of 2,085 square kilometres and has a population of 38,924 (as of 2001), almost 75% of which are considered "tribal", i.e. belonging to the native Monpa , Bhotia , Adi , etc. The sensitivity of the border area brings Tawang a heavy military presence. In winter, Tawang frequently experiences heavy snowfall. The district is divided into 3 sub-divisions: Tawang, Lumla and Jang. Tawang sub-division

330-425: The 2011 census Tawang district has a population of 49,977, roughly equal to the nation of Saint Kitts and Nevis . This gives it a ranking of 633rd in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 23 inhabitants per square kilometre (60/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 28.33%. Tawang has a sex ratio of 940 females for every 1000 males, and

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360-465: The McMahon Line , (will intersect with the proposed East-West Industrial Corridor Highway ) and will pass through here, alignment map of which can be seen here and here . Most of the tribes depend on agriculture for a living. Owing to Tawang's cold climate, farmers breed yak and sheep, although in lower altitudes crops are also planted. Tawang is a popular tourist destination thanks to

390-420: The penlop of Trongsa installed as hereditary king, with the support of Britain and against the wishes of Tibet. The royal family suffered from questions of legitimacy in its early years, with the reincarnations of the various Zhabdrungs posing a threat. According to one Drukpa source, the Zhabdrung's brother Chhoki Gyeltshen (who had been to India) challenged the 1926 accession of King Jigme Wangchuck . He

420-481: The 1950s and was annexed into the newly established People's Republic of China. Tibet also lost its independent diplomatic freedom and Tawang was now a stress point between India and China. During the Sino-Indian war of 1962, Tawang fell briefly under Chinese control, but China withdrew its troops at the end of the war. Tawang again came under Indian administration. Tawang district was formed in 1989, when it

450-476: The 1962 Sino-Indian War . Another line of claimants to be the mind incarnation of Ngawang Namgyal existed in Tibet, and is now represented by Namkhai Norbu , who resides in Italy. "Mind" reincarnations of the Zhabdrung. "Speech" reincarnations of the Zhabdrung. In 1907, in an effort to reform the dysfunctional system, the penlops orchestrated the establishment of a Bhutanese monarchy with Ugyen Wangchuck ,

480-644: The Bhutanese calendar. Eventually, the ruling authorities in Bhutan were faced with the problem of succession. To neutralize the power of future Zhabdrung incarnations, the Druk Desi, Je Khenpo and penlops conspired to recognize not a single person but rather as three separate persons — a body incarnation ( Ku tulku ), a mind incarnation ( Thu tulku or Thugtrul ), and a speech incarnation ( Sung tulku or Sungtrul ). In spite of their efforts to consolidate

510-495: The British, but it was not recognised by China. When Tibet was not governed by mainland China, Tawang was easily accessible to Tibetans. In 1938, the British made a cautious move to assert sovereignty over Tawang by sending a small military column under Capt. G.S. Lightfoot to Tawang. After the outbreak of the war with Japan in 1941, the government of Assam undertook a number of 'forward policy' measures to tighten their hold on

540-796: The Monpa, Takpa and the Tibetans, are Tibetan Buddhist by religion. Pre-Buddhist Bön and Shamanist influence is also evident. Festivals that include Losar , Choskar, and Torgya are held annually. The Dungyur is also celebrated in every three years of the Torgya. Both the Dungyur and Torgya festivals are celebrated at the Tawang Monastery with traditional gaiety and enthusiasm. The 2,000-kilometre-long (1,200 mi) proposed Mago- Thingbu to Vijaynagar Arunachal Pradesh Frontier Highway along

570-590: The North East Frontier Agency (NEFA) area, which later became Arunachal Pradesh . In 1944, administrative control was extended over the area of the Tawang tract lying South of the Sela Pass when J.P. Mills set up an Assam Rifles post at Dirang Dzong. However, no steps were taken to evict the Tibetan from the area North of the pass which contained Tawang town. Tibet lost its independence in

600-577: The founder of the country, Ngawang Namgyal, a high Drukpa Lineage lama from Tibet who was the first to unify the warring valley kingdoms under a single rule. He is revered as the third most important figure behind Padmasambhava and Shakyamuni Buddha by the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism . Ngawang Namgyal established the dual system of government under the "Great Tsa Yig " legal code. Under this system, political power

630-470: The power established by the original Zhabdrung, the country sank into warring factionalism for the next 200 years. The body incarnation lineage died out in the mid-18th century, while the mind and speech incarnations of the Zhabdrung continued into the 20th century. The mind incarnation was the one generally recognized as the Zhabdrung . Besides the mind incarnation, there was also a line of claimants for

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660-489: The remainder of his life. Up until 2002, Bhutanese pilgrims were able to journey to Kalimpong , just south of Bhutan, to visit him. On April 5, 2003, the Zhabdrung died. Some of his followers claim he was poisoned, while the Bhutanese national newspaper, Kuensel , took pains to explain he died after an extended bout with cancer. His successor, Jigme Jigdrel Namgyel, was born in 2003. Tawang district#Tawang Monastery Tawang district (Pron:/tɑ:ˈwæŋ or təˈwæŋ/)

690-411: The speech incarnation. At the time the monarchy was founded in 1907, Choley Yeshe Ngodub (or Chogley Yeshey Ngodrup) was the speech incarnation and also served as the last Druk Desi. After his death in 1917, he was succeeded by Chogley Jigme Tenzin (1919–1949). The next claimant, unrecognized by the Bhutan government, lived at Tawang monastery in India and was evacuated to the western Himalayas during

720-508: The title Zhabdrung . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zhabdrung&oldid=1162879758 " Categories : Disambiguation pages History of Bhutan Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Zhabdrung Rinpoche The lineage traces through

750-467: The travel from the plains is on a steep hill road journey, crossing Sela Pass at 4,176 metres (13,701 ft). Tourists can travel to Tawang from Tezpur, Assam by road. Tezpur has direct flights from Kolkata. Guwahati, Assam, is 16 hours by road. In June 2008, a daily helicopter service from Guwahati was started by the Arunachal Pradesh government. Road travel to Tawang from Tezpur, Assam,

780-514: The well-preserved Tawang Monastery . The Sela Pass rises steeply and is covered with snow for most of the year. Chumi Gyatse Falls and Jang waterfall is a big tourist attraction. Tawang district has a handicrafts centre that promotes the small-scale industries for local handicrafts. Visitors to Tawang district require a special Inner Line Permit from the government which are available in Kolkata , Guwahati , Tezpur , and New Delhi . Most of

810-598: Was founded by the Merak Lama Lodre Gyatso in 1681 in accordance with the wishes of the 5th Dalai Lama, Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso , and has an interesting legend surrounding its name, which means "Chosen by Horse". The sixth Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso , was born in Tawang. Tawang was historically part of Tibet. The 1914 Simla Accord defined the McMahon Line as the new boundary between British India and Tibet. By this treaty, Tibet relinquished several hundred square miles of its territory, including Tawang, to

840-474: Was rumored to have met with Mahatma Gandhi to garner support for the Zhabdrung against the king. The 7th Zhabdrung, Jigme Dorji was then "retired" to Talo Monastery and died in 1931, under rumors of assassination. He was the last Zhabdrung recognized by Bhutan; subsequent claimants to the incarnation have not been recognized by the government. In 1962, Jigme Ngawang Namgyal (known as Zhabdrung Rinpoche to his followers) fled Bhutan for India where he spent

870-649: Was split from West Kameng district . The Yangtse clash of 9 December 2022 occurred at night between the troops of the Indian Army and the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) along their mutually contested Line of Actual Control (LAC) in the Yangtse region of Tawang. Later Chinese army retreat and Indian army won in clash. Tawang district, the basin of Tawang Chu , occupies an area of 2,172 square kilometres (839 sq mi),. The district

900-515: Was vested in an administrative leader, the Druk Desi , assisted by a collection of local governors or ministers called penlops . A religious leader, the Je Khenpo , held power over monastic affairs. Successive incarnations of the Zhabdrung were to have ultimate authority over both spheres. However, after the death of Ngawang Namgyal in 1651, power effectively passed to the penlops instead of to

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