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44-523: Győrújbarát is a village near Győr in Győr-Moson-Sopron county, Hungary . This Győr-Moson-Sopron location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gy%C5%91r The area along the Danube River has been inhabited by varying cultures since ancient times. The first large settlement dates back to the 5th century BCE; the inhabitants were Celts . They called

88-500: A Bavarian army wrecked part of Chasteler's corps at the Battle of Wörgl near Innsbruck. On 17 May, John received orders to cut the communications of Emperor Napoleon 's Grand Army by moving north. However, the archduke delayed too long in carrying out this assignment. Though badly isolated, Jelačić remained near Salzburg until 19 May. When he finally got moving it was too late. A French corps under General of Division Paul Grenier cut

132-698: A cannonade, the Insurrections Hussars soon took flight. Only the Ott Hussar Regiment # 7 and the Archduke Joseph Hussar Regiment # 2 put up serious resistance and both units suffered heavy losses. Grouchy wheeled his troopers to the left to roll up John's left flank. Faced with a crisis, John redeployed his units in an L-shaped line. His right flank still ran along the Pándzsa, but at Kis-Megyer farm,

176-571: A fighting advance, arriving at Laibach on 3 June. Marmont then combined with General of Division Jean-Baptiste Broussier and fought Ignác Gyulay's Austrians in the Battle of Graz from 24 to 26 June. His 11,000 XI Corps soldiers, plus Broussier, force-marched to join Napoleon near Vienna and fought at the Battle of Wagram . John joined with the Hungarian Insurrection forces ( militia ) at Győr (Raab). He intended to cross to

220-612: A garrison in Győr. The fortress surrendered on 22 June with 2,500 soldiers after a weak resistance. One historian writes, Archduke John now reaped the dubious fruits of his incredibly ill-advised policy of breaking up his army after the Battle of Piave River. This defeat foiled any hopes that Archduke John would be able to bring any significant forces to help in the epic struggle against Napoleon at Wagram on 5 and 6 July. Eugène soon joined Napoleon with 23,000 soldiers. While these men fought at

264-503: A retreat northeast into Győr fortress. The Franco-Italians suffered 3,000–4,000 killed and wounded. The Austrian regulars and Landwehr lost 747 killed, 1,758 wounded, and 2,408 captured for a total of 4,913 casualties. There were also 1,322 soldiers reported missing, giving a total of 6,235 men subtracted from John's army. The insurrection troops lost in excess of 4,100, of which 80% were missing. Total Austrian losses came to 10,300. John's army retreated northeast to Komárno , leaving

308-417: Is 569.6 millimetres (22.43 in), of which July is the wettest with 64.8 millimetres (2.55 in), while February is the driest with only 26.9 millimetres (1.06 in). The extreme temperature throughout the year ranged from −22.1 °C (−7.8 °F) on December 28, 1996, to 40.6 °C (105.1 °F) on August 8, 2013. The ancient core of the city is Káptalan Hill at the confluence of three rivers:

352-749: Is excellent. Győr railway station has important railway connections via the Eastern Railway and Budapest–Hegyeshalom lines ( Vienna – Budapest , operated by RailJet ), but the Győr-Sopron railway line owned by the Győr-Sopron-Ebenfurt railway company (GYSEV), as well as the Győr-Celldömölk railway line and the Győr-Veszprém railway run by MÁV In Győr, several main transport routes meet each other (M1, M19, 1, 14, 81, 82, 83, 85), and

396-637: The Austrian army. At the outbreak of war, John moved rapidly to defeat his opponent at the Battle of Sacile on 16 April. This victory drove Eugène back to the Adige River . The front remained static for a few weeks despite attacks by Eugène in the Battle of Caldiero . Meanwhile, an Austrian force bottled up the corps of General of Division Auguste Marmont in Dalmatia . After the Austrian defeat at

440-410: The Battle of Eckmühl , John received orders to retreat in order to cover the strategic left flank of the army in southern Germany. John fought Eugène in a tough rearguard action at the Battle of Piave River on 8 May. Up to this moment, John and his soldiers had fought well. Now, John probably committed a serious blunder by splitting up his command. With the main army he fell back to the northeast. By

484-569: The Battle of Wagram , while Prince Eugène de Beauharnais 's force was able to link up with Emperor Napoleon at Vienna in time to fight at Wagram. Napoleon referred to the battle as "a granddaughter of Marengo and Friedland ", as it fell on the anniversary of those two battles. During the 1809 campaign in Italy, Viceroy Eugène de Beauharnais led the Franco-Italian army while General der Kavallerie Archduke John of Austria commanded

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528-663: The Hungarian Second Division . Győr is twinned with: Battle of Raab The Battle of Raab or Battle of Győr ( Hungarian : győri csata ) was fought on 14 June 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars , between Franco-Italian forces and Habsburg forces. The battle was fought near Győr (Raab in German), Kingdom of Hungary , and ended in a Franco-Italian victory. The victory prevented Archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to

572-612: The Mongol invasion (1241–1242) and then was destroyed by the Czech army in 1271. After the disastrous battle of Mohács , Baron Tamás Nádasdy and Count György Cseszneky occupied the town for King Ferdinand I while John Zápolya also was attempting to annex it. During the Ottoman occupation of present-day central and eastern Hungary (1541 - late 17th century), Győr's commander Kristóf Lamberg thought it would be futile to try to defend

616-603: The Mosoni-Danube , Rába , and Rábca . Püspökvár, the residence of Győr's bishops, can be easily recognized by its incomplete tower. Győr's oldest buildings are the 13th-century dwelling tower and the 15th-century Gothic Dóczy Chapel. The cathedral, originally in Romanesque style , was rebuilt in Gothic and Baroque style. Other sights include: The Pannonhalma Archabbey is located some 20 km (12 miles) outside

660-611: The Predil Pass blockhouse, 250 Austrians and 8 cannon held off 8,500 French soldiers for three days. On 18 May, when the position was finally overrun, the Grenzers were killed to a man. The French admitted suffering 450 casualties. At Tarvis itself, Eugène inflicted a serious defeat on Albert Gyulai's outnumbered division. In mid-May, Marmont defeated Stoichewich's forces in the Dalmatian Campaign . He moved north in

704-656: The Audi marque . Business then grew to assembling the Audi TT Coupé and TT Roadster. Eventually, V6 and V8 engines were also included, and after the acquisition of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. , Audi then began to build V10 engines . The V10s for Audi vehicles are fully assembled here, but only the cylinder blocks for the Lamborghini V10 . Engines are also supplied to other Volkswagen Group marques, but over 90% of Audi vehicle engines are made here. By 2020,

748-675: The European award for the protection of monuments. A 100-year-old Raba factory on the River Danube close to the historical centre is to be replaced by a new community called Városrét. The mixed-use community will have residential and commercial space as well as schools, clinics and parks. The city's main theatre is the National Theatre of Győr , finished in 1978. It features large ceramic ornaments made by Victor Vasarely . The city has several historical buildings, for example

792-545: The Northern Division to pieces at the Battle of Sankt Michael on 25 May. John pulled back to Graz , but when he heard of Jelačić's disaster, he decided to retreat east into Hungary. During May, small Grenz infantry forces heroically defended the mountain passes during the Battle of Tarvis . At Malborghetto Valbruna , 400 soldiers held a blockhouse against 15,000 Frenchmen between 15 and 17 May and only 50 men survived. The French admitted only 80 casualties. At

836-460: The Pándzsa. He turned Kis-Megyer into a major strongpoint by packing FML Colloredo's 7,778 infantry into the farm and its environs. Jelačić's 7,517 soldiers defended the right flank in front of Szabadhegy hamlet. FML Frimont's 7,863-man reserve stood on Szabadhegy hill. Oberst Bésán's 1,546 horsemen held the ground between Jelačić's right and the Raab River. FZM Davidovich held some field works on

880-578: The Turks returned briefly, only to leave after being defeated in the Battle of Vienna . During the following centuries, the town became prosperous. In 1743 Győr was elevated to free royal town status by Maria Theresa . The religious orders of Jesuits and Carmelites settled there, building schools, churches, a hospital, and a monastery. On 14 June 1809, during the War of the Fifth Coalition , this

924-634: The VIII Armeekorps held the region around Innsbruck . Feldmarschallleutnant Franjo Jelačić and the 10,200-strong Northern Division was stationed at Salzburg to the northwest. Finally, General-major Andreas von Stoichewich's 8,100 men continued to pin Marmont in Dalmatia to the south of Laibach. By this time a large proportion of John's forces was made up of hastily raised Landwehr infantry. On 13 May, Marshal François Joseph Lefebvre and

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968-502: The airport. It was targeted because the Rába factory was a main tank ( Turán ) and aeroplane ( Bf 109 ) producer. One of these raids destroyed some parts of the maternity hospital. The 1950s and '60s brought more change: only big blocks of flats were built, and the old historical buildings were not given care or attention. In the 1970s the reconstruction of the city centre began; old buildings were restored and reconstructed. In 1989 Győr won

1012-570: The area in the 4th century due to constant attacks by the tribes living to the east, the town remained inhabited. Around 500 the territory was settled by Slavs , in 547 by the Lombards , and in 568–c. 800 by the Avars , at that time under Frankish and Slavic influence. During this time it was called Rabba and later Raab . Between 880 and 894, it was part of Great Moravia , and then briefly under East Frankish dominance. The Magyars occupied

1056-581: The castle, and the Lutheran Evangelic church. Győr's climate is classified as oceanic climate ( Köppen Cfb ) closely bordering on a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ). Among them, the annual average temperature is 11.1 °C (52.0 °F), the hottest month in July is 21.6 °C (70.9 °F), and the coldest month is 0.3 °C (32.5 °F) in January. The annual precipitation

1100-658: The city is handball, with the Győri ETO KC being the city's main team. ETO won the Champions League in 2013 , 2014 , 2017 , 2018 and in 2019 and also reached the final in 2009 , 2012 and in 2016 . In addition, Győr reached the final of the EHF Cup Winners' Cup in 2006 and the final of the EHF Cup in 1999, 2002, 2004 and 2005. WKW ETO FC Győr is a football team, currently (as of 2023/2024) in

1144-473: The factory has a 12 MW solar roof, producing 9.5 GWh/year. The current mayor of Győr is Bence Pintér . The local Municipal Assembly, elected at the 2024 local government elections , is made up of 23 members (1 Mayor, 16 Individual constituencies MEPs and 6 Compensation List MEPs) divided into this political parties and alliances: List of City Mayors from 1990: The city is a national hub for rail and road traffic. The transport-geographical position of Győr

1188-548: The farm changed hands five times. Finally, John committed GM Kleinmeyer's powerful brigade. Four grenadier battalions and the soldiers of the Alvinczi Infantry Regiment # 19 pushed back MG Seras' troops, then fell upon Durutte's division near the farm. Meanwhile, MG Severoli's division pushed back Jelačić and took part of Szabadhegy hamlet. John sent GM Gajoli's brigade from the reserve to deal with this threat. The Austrian counterattack succeeded in panicking

1232-605: The line bent to face south along the Szabadhegy hill. John sent Bésán's horsemen from the right flank to cover the new left flank on the east side of Szabadhegy hill. For his second assault, Eugène sent in Pacthod's division and Lechi's Italian Guards from his reserve. The second infantry attack slowly made headway. Finally, the Italian Guard cleared Kis-Megyer farm. John, fearing envelopment from Grouchy's cavalry, ordered

1276-589: The main square and the grid of streets remained. In 1594, after the death of Count János Cseszneky , captain of Hungarian footsoldiers, the Ottoman army occupied the castle and the town. In 1598 the Hungarian and Austrian army took control of it again and occupied it. During the Turkish occupation the city was called Yanık Kala (burned place, as a reference to the enormous damages caused by the siege). In 1683,

1320-520: The motorway is accessible from several parts of the city. Győr-Pér Airport can be reached from the city on Highway 81, 15 kilometers towards Székesfehérvár. At the 1,734 km (1,077 mi) section of the Danube lies the port of Győr-Gönyű with its fully equipped 25 hectare serving terminal. Győr is the home of the Győri ETO Sport Club, which has many sport divisions. The most popular sport in

1364-564: The north bank of the Danube and move northwest through Pozsony (Pressburg, now Bratislava, Slovakia) to unite with the main army, which was commanded by his brother Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen , Generalissimo of the Austrian armies. Napoleon ordered Eugène to pursue and destroy John's army. The Franco-Italian troops caught up with the Austrians in mid-June and forced John to give battle. Army of Italy : Prince Eugène de Beauharnais (39,902, 42 guns) Though John's 35,000-man army

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1408-432: The north side of the river with about 4,000 Hungarian militia. Eugène took MG Grouchy from his corps command and reassigned him to command the 5,371 troopers in the cavalry divisions of MG Montbrun, BG Guèrin, and BG Colbert. These were posted on the right (south) flank with the intention of turning John's left flank. Eugène ordered Grenier to assault the Austrian center with the 15,662 men of his two divisions. MG d'Hilliers

1452-472: The river a short distance to the northeast. John hoped the marshy banks of the Páncza to the south would discourage a French envelopment from that direction. The enclosed and stoutly-built Kis-Megyer farm stood on the east bank of the Páncza. Just east of Kis-Megyer farm rose Szabadhegy hill. On the hill's north side lay Szabadhegy hamlet. John deployed FML Mécsery's 5,947 cavalry to defend his left flank behind

1496-611: The second week of May, John and Feldmarschallleutnant Albert Gyulai stood at Tarvis (Tarvisio) with 8,340 troops. Feldmarschallleutnant Johann Maria Philipp Frimont 's 13,060-man Mobile Force lay at nearby Villach . Feldmarschallleutnant Ignác Gyulay with 14,880 men of the IX Armeekorps defended the Laibach (now Ljubljana, Slovenia) area to the southeast of Villach. Far to the west-northwest, Feldmarschallleutnant Johann Gabriel Chasteler de Courcelles and 17,460 soldiers of

1540-467: The soldiers of Grenier and d'Hilliers. They abandoned their gains and ran back to the west side of the Pándzsa and safety. Deducing that the three Austrian cannon defended the best crossing point over the Pándzsa, Grouchy ordered up his 12 guns. French cannon fire soon silenced the opposing artillery pieces, allowing Grouchy's horsemen to begin fording the stream. When the French cavalry charged, covered by

1584-581: The town Ara Bona "Good altar", later contracted to Arrabona , a name which was used until the eighth century. Its shortened form is still used as the German ( Raab ) and Slovak ( Ráb ) names of the city. Roman merchants moved to Arrabona during the 1st century BCE. Around 10 CE, the Roman army occupied the northern part of Western Hungary, which they called Pannonia . Although the Roman Empire abandoned

1628-399: The town around 900 and fortified the abandoned Roman fortress. Stephen I , the first king of Hungary, founded an episcopate there. The town received its Hungarian name Győr , which likely derives from Old Hungarian personal name Győr, who could be the county's first count . The town was affected by all the trials and tribulations of the history of Hungary: it was occupied by Mongols during

1672-472: The town from the Turkish army. He burned down the town and the Turkish forces found nothing but blackened ruins, hence the Turkish name for Győr, Yanık kale ("burnt castle"). During rebuilding, the town was surrounded with a castle and a city wall designed by the leading Italian builders of the era. The town changed in character during these years, with many new buildings built in Renaissance style, but

1716-486: The town to expand. In the mid-19th century, Győr's role in trade grew as steamship traffic on the River Danube began. The town lost its importance in trade when the railway line between Budapest and Kanizsa superseded river traffic after 1861. The town leaders compensated for this loss with industrialisation. The town prospered until World War II when several buildings were destroyed. Some large-scale strategic bombing devastated industrial and residential areas as well as

1760-523: The town. After the year 2000 the city started many big construction and renovation projects. The bigger changes include: Audi AG subsidiary company Audi Hungaria Zrt. has a large factory in Győr, where the Audi TT sports car, the A3 Cabriolet , A3 Limousine , and many engines (1,913,053 engines in 2007) are built. The factory opened in 1994, at first producing inline-four engines for

1804-444: Was instructed to attack the Austrian right with his single division of 8,315 soldiers. Eugène held the troops from Grouchy's corps in reserve, MG Pacthod's 5,166-foot soldiers and MG Sahuc's 1,280 cavalry. He also kept back MG Pully's 1,470 dragoons and MG Lechi's 2,438 Italian Guards. In the first rush, MG Durutte's troops stormed across the Pándzsa and seized Kis-Megyer farm, but the Austrians quickly took it back. In bitter fighting,

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1848-467: Was only a little less numerous than Eugène's 40,000 soldiers, the quality of his soldiers was markedly inferior. Many thousands of the Habsburg troops were poorly trained Austrian landwehr (19,000 men) and Hungarian insurrection militia (16,000 men). The archduke knew this and planned to fight a defensive battle in a strong position. Feldmarschall Archduke Joseph, Palatine of Hungary outranked John and

1892-510: Was present on the field, but John exercised effective command of the army. John drew up his army behind the Pándzsa stream, facing generally west. The Pándzsa ran roughly from south to north across his front, emptying into the Raab River to the north. In the vicinity of the battlefield, the Raab ran from west to east, protecting John's north flank. The fortress of Győr was on the south side of

1936-488: Was the site of the Battle of Győr ( Battle of Raab ), where the army of Eugène de Beauharnais defeated the Hungarian "noble insurrection" (militia) and an Austrian corps under the Archdukes Joseph and Johann . Napoleon's forces occupied the castle and had some of its walls blown up. The leaders of the town soon realized that the old ramparts were not useful any more. Most of the ramparts were destroyed, allowing

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