Țara Hațegului ("Hațeg Land"; German : Wallenthal , Hungarian : Hátszegvidék , Latin : terra Harszoc ) is a historical and ethnographical area in Hunedoara County , Romania , in the south-western corner of Transylvania . It is centered in the town of Hațeg .
21-708: Țara Hațegului is located in the Depression of Hațeg. Here there are: the site of Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa (the capital of the Roman Dacia , established in the 2nd century A.D.), the Densuș Church and palaeontological remains (see Hațeg Island and Hatzegopteryx ). Under the Kingdom of Hungary , the Hátszeg District was part of Hunyad County . The region is composed of one town and ten communes: Hațeg , Baru , Densuș , General Berthelot , Pui , Răchitova , Râu de Mori , Sarmizegetusa , Sălașu de Sus , Sântămăria-Orlea and Totești . 45°35′N 22°55′E / 45.583°N 22.917°E / 45.583; 22.917 This Romanian location article
42-710: A coin, by order of the Senate, dedicated to emperor Trajan. Possibly built over a temporary camp of the Fifth Macedonian Legion , it soon was settled by the retired veterans who had served in the Dacian Wars, principally the Fifth ( Macedonia ) , Ninth ( Claudia ) , and Fourteenth ( Gemina ) legions. It was also settled by veterans and colonists from the Italian peninsula. From the beginning it received
63-401: A population reaching between 11,000 and 15,000 at the end of the 2nd century. The city was built with a Hippodamian Plan and was surrounded by strong walls over 32.4 hectares (80 acres; 0.125 sq mi). The walled town was built with public and administrative buildings at the centre of which was the forum vetus . The entrance was marked by a tetrapylon placed at the intersection of
84-798: A war with the Sarmatians and Trajan's Dacian Wars (101–106 AD), the legion was moved to Carnuntum , where it stayed for three centuries. Some vexillations or subunits of the Fourteenth fought in the wars against the Mauri , under Antoninus Pius , and the legion participated in the Parthian campaign of Emperor Lucius Verus . During his war against the Marcomanni , Emperor Marcus Aurelius based his headquarters in Carnuntum. In AD 193, after
105-497: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa was the capital , the first, and largest city of Roman Dacia , named after Sarmizegetusa the former Dacian capital, located some 30 km away. It was founded in 106 as a colonia deducta and elevated to metropolis during the reign of Severus Alexander . The present village of Sarmizegetusa has been built over parts of it. It acted as
126-901: The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest , one of the greatest disasters in Roman military history. The legion secured a victory for Germanicus, and earned him a triumph from his adopted father and biological uncle, Emperor Tiberius . Stationed in Moguntiacum , Germania Superior from AD 9, Legio XIV Gemina Martia Victrix was one of four legions used by Aulus Plautius and Claudius in the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43. It built its legionary fortress at Mancetter on Watling Street and by AD 58 it had moved its base to Wroxeter . It took part in
147-780: The Balkans in preparation for a campaign against the Parthians that Nero planned but which never materialised. In AD 89 the governor of Germania Superior , Lucius Antonius Saturninus , rebelled against Domitian , with the support of the XIVth and of the XXI Rapax , but the revolt was suppressed. When the XXIst legion was lost in AD 92, XIV Gemina was sent to Pannonia to replace it, setting up camp in Vindobona ( Vienna ). After
168-471: The beginning of the 14th century in the village of Grădişte , the new town was settled in the first years after the conquest of Dacia in 106 AD. The inscription reads: "On the command of the emperor Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus , son of the divine Nerva , was settled the Dacian Colony by Decimus Terentius Scaurianus , its governor." In Rome, the settlement of the colony was marked by the minting of
189-466: The death of Pertinax , the commander of the Fourteenth, Septimius Severus , was acclaimed emperor by the Pannonian legions, and above all by his own. XIV Gemina fought for its emperor in his march to Rome to attack usurper Didius Julianus (193), contributed to the defeat of the usurper Pescennius Niger (194), and probably fought in the Parthian campaign that ended with the sack of the capital of
210-458: The defeat of Boudicca in 60 or 61. At the Battle of Watling Street the 14th defeated Boudicca's force of 230,000, according to Tacitus and Dio, with their meager force of 10,000 Legionaries and Auxiliaries. This act secured them as Nero's "most effective" legion, and he kept them garrisoned in Britain during the next few years to keep the uneasy tribes in check. In 67 AD the legion was sent to
231-542: The empire, Ctesiphon (198). In the turmoil following the defeat of Valerian , the XIV Gemina supported usurper Regalianus against Emperor Gallienus (260), then Gallienus against Postumus of the Gallic Empire (earning the title VI Pia VI Fidelis —"six times faithful, six times loyal"), and, after Gallienus' death, Gallic Emperor Victorinus (269–271). At the beginning of the 5th century, XIV Gemina
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#1732772295656252-630: The legion was the Capricorn , as with many of the legions levied by Caesar. Legio XIV was first raised by Caesar in Cisalpine Gaul during his raids into, and conquest of, Gaul. Their enlistment term was for 16 years, as per the other Republican legions (though Augustus raised that to 20). In the first years, the legion frequently was left behind to guard the camp during battles and raids. Following its early destruction at Atuatuca (near today's Tongeren , Belgium ) during Ambiorix's revolt it
273-494: The north. The territory of the metropolis extended from Tibiscum to Micia and to the Jiu valley , the city being protected by several castra : Tibiscum , Pons Augusti , Micia and those of Bumbești . The city was at the crossroads of the imperial road from Drobeta that linked the north of the province with Porolissum (Moigrad) and the one starting form Dierna going towards Tibiscum . From an inscription discovered at
294-540: The official title of the governor of some imperial provinces of the Roman Empire . Between 222 and 235 the colony was called a metropolis . After the abandonment of Dacia , the population reduced drastically. A small community moved inside the amphitheatre, walling the entrances with funerary stones and surviving until the end of the 4th century. The urban centre and the civil settlement occupied an area of over 130 hectares (320 acres; 0.50 sq mi), with
315-562: The seat of the governor of Roman Dacia until it was moved to Apulum around 158 under Antoninus Pius . The settlement was built at a distance of 8 km from Tapae , a pass between Banat and Transylvania (today known as the Iron Gates of Transylvania). The choice was based on the military and economic advantages given by the natural barrier represented by the Retezat Mountains in the south and Poiana Ruscă Mountains in
336-526: The title of colonia and the status of ius Italicum . During the reign of Hadrian the city was renamed Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa. The name was found on a stone inscription that reads "To Gaius Arrius Quadratus , son of Gaius, acting praetor of the emperor in Colonia Ulpia Traiana Augusta Dacica Sarmizegetusa." Gaius Arrius Antoninus bore the title legatus pro praetore ,
357-522: The two main streets with each side ornated with a fountain dedicated to the nymphs . South of the forum vetus , on the place of an old market, a new forum was built around 153 with a Capitolium at its western side. Besides the temple dedicated to the Capitoline Triad , which marked the city as the religious centre of Dacia, in the beginning of the 3rd century a temple for the Palmyrene gods
378-530: Was a legion of the Imperial Roman army , levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC. The cognomen Gemina (Twinned) was added when the legion was combined with another understrengthed legion after the Battle of Actium . The cognomen Martia Victrix (martial and victorious) was added following their service in the Pannonian War c. AD 9 and the defeat of Boudicca in AD 61. The emblem of
399-749: Was a large area for Roman baths . The city was the main residence of the Cominii family who occupied the highest civic magistracies and built public buildings. Today, the archeological site contains the following remains: Köpeczi, Béla ; Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Szász, Zoltán; Barta, Gábor, eds. (1994). History of Transylvania – From the Beginnings to 1606 . Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó. ISBN 978-963-05-6703-9 . 45°31′N 22°47′E / 45.517°N 22.783°E / 45.517; 22.783 Legio XIV Gemina Legio XIV Gemina ("The Twinned Fourteenth Legion")
420-488: Was dedicated. Northeast of the new forum was the building of the fiscal procurator of Dacia Apulensis . The civil settlement continued outside the walls, mainly to the North, covering over 100 hectares. The most important building there was the amphitheatre, initially built of wood then from the second half of the 2nd century from stone. East of the amphitheatre was the sacred area with multiple temples and sanctuaries. South
441-639: Was immediately reconstituted. For years after the Massacre at Atuatuca carried out by the Eburones under Ambiorix together with Cativolcus they were viewed as an unlucky legion, but its honor had been preserved due to the efforts of their Aquilifer , Lucius Petrosidius . This legion fought under General Germanicus Julius Caesar against the Germanic leader Arminius . A decade before this campaign, Arminius succeeded in wiping out three entire legions in
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