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43-533: The House of Kalākaua was descended from chiefs on the islands of Hawaiʻi , Maui , and Kauaʻi . The torch that burns at midday symbolizes the dynasty, based on the sacred kapu Kalākaua's ancestor High Chief Iwikauikaua . The dynasty was founded by Kalākaua when he ascended the Hawaiian Kingdom throne in 1874 and included his brothers and sisters who were children of Analea Keohokālole (1816–1869) and Caesar Kaluaiku Kapaʻakea (1815–1866). The family

86-735: A 9.0 magnitude earthquake off the east coast of Japan again created a tsunami that caused minor damage in Hawaii. The estimated damage to public buildings was about US$ 3 million. In the Kona area this tsunami washed a house into Kealakekua Bay , destroyed a yacht club and tour boat offices in Keauhou Bay , caused extensive damage in Kailua Kona , flooded the ground floor of the King Kamehameha Hotel, and temporarily closed

129-562: A buttress and that this buttress may tend to reduce the likelihood of catastrophic detachment. On 2 April 1868, an earthquake with a magnitude estimated between 7.25 and 7.9 rocked the southeast coast of Hawaii. This was the most destructive earthquake in the Hawaii's recorded history. It triggered a landslide on Mauna Loa, 5 miles (8 km) north of Pahala , killing 31 people. A tsunami claimed 46 more lives. The villages of Punaluʻu , Nīnole , Kawaʻa, Honuʻapo, and Keauhou Landing were severely damaged. The tsunami reportedly rolled over

172-696: A depth of up to 3,000 feet (910 m), as well as pristine sea surface water and almost constant sunshine. A 2012 study by the University of Hawaiʻi Economic Research Organization reported that the total economic impact of activities at NELHA was $ 87.7 million and created 583 jobs. Three routes connect the two major towns, Hilo on the east coast and Kailua-Kona on the west coast: State highways 270 ( Kawaihae – Hawi ) and 180 (the " Kona coffee road", connect Honalo to State highway 190), South Point Road (Highway 11 to South Point ), etc. The three Hawaii Scenic Byways are: Rental car offices are at

215-408: A party that completed a tour of the island, descriptions of which were later published in his journal. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 5,086 square miles (13,170 km ), of which 4,028 sq mi (10,430 km ) is land and 1,058 sq mi (2,740 km ) (20.8%) is water. The county's land area comprises 62.7 percent of the state's land area. It

258-681: A population basis. The number following each district is the Tax Map Key (TMK) number, used to locate state property information. They are assigned in a counter-clockwise order beginning on the eastern side of the island. County council districts do not directly match the property tax districts because of the variation in the population density of voters in urban areas to rural areas; Hilo & Kailua (Kailua-Kona) towns are densely populated areas, while other districts such as Kaʻū, Puna, Hāmākua, and North & South Kohala are more sparsely populated. Several government functions are administered at

301-411: A religion. 18.4% are Catholic; 3.7% are of another Christian faith; 5.1% are LDS; 5.0% are of an Eastern faith; 0.1% are Muslim. Executive authority is vested in the mayor of Hawaii County , who is elected for a four-year term. Since 2004, the election by the voters has been on a nonpartisan basis. In 2020, Mitch Roth was elected mayor, succeeding Harry Kim , who lost reelection after being defeated in

344-558: A total area of 5,086.70 square miles (13,174.5 km ); 4,028.02 square miles (10,432.5 km ) is land and 1,058.69 square miles (2,742.0 km ) is water (mostly all off the ocean shoreline but counted in the total area by the U.S. Census Bureau). The county's land area comprises 62.7 percent of the state's land area. It is the highest percentage by any county in the United States. (Delaware's Sussex County comes in second at 48.0 percent, while Rhode Island's Providence County

387-403: Is said to be the name of an ancient chief. Another definition is "the bearer" (ke-a-we). Hawaii County is the local administrative unit. As of the 2020 census , the population was 200,629. The county seat and largest town is Hilo . Hawaiʻi County has no incorporated cities . Hawaii is allegedly named after Hawaiʻiloa , a legendary Polynesian navigator who is said to have discovered

430-593: Is the largest island in the United States , located in the eponymous state of Hawaii . It is the southeasternmost of the Hawaiian Islands , a chain of volcanic islands in the North Pacific Ocean . With an area of 4,028 square miles (10,430 km ), it has 63% of the Hawaiian archipelago 's combined landmass. However, it has only 13% of the archipelago's population. The island of Hawaiʻi

473-439: Is the highest percentage by any county in the United States. Delaware 's Sussex County comes in second at 48.0 percent, while Rhode Island 's Providence County is third at 39.6 percent. At its greatest dimension, the island is 93 miles (150 km) across. Measured from its sea floor base to its highest peak, Mauna Kea at 10,000 metres (33,000 ft) is the world's tallest mountain, taller than even Mount Everest , since

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516-588: Is the state's largest. The island is home to one of the United States' largest cattle ranches : Parker Ranch , on 175,000 acres (708 km ) in Waimea . The island is known for astronomy , with numerous telescopes positioned on the summit of Mauna Kea at the Mauna Kea Observatories , where atmospheric clarity is excellent and little light pollution intrudes. Astronomy has become somewhat controversial, given accusations of mismanagement by

559-547: Is the third largest island in Polynesia , behind the north and south islands of New Zealand. The island is often referred to as the Island of Hawaii or Hawaii Island to distinguish it from the state. It is also referred to as The Big Island , due to its size relative to the other islands. In Hawaiian , the island is sometimes called Moku o Keawe . The word keawe has several meanings. One definition, "southern cross",

602-457: Is third at 39.55 percent.) As of 2010 , the island had a resident population of 185,079. There were 64,382 households in the county. The population density was 17.7/km (46/sq mi). There were 82,324 housing units at an average density of 8/km (21/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 34.5% White , 29.2% from two or more races, 22.6% Asian , 12.4% Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander and 0.7% African American ; 11.8% of

645-441: The 2018 lower Puna eruption . Mauna Loa erupted in 2022, 38 years after the prior activity. Some geologists also count two undersea volcanoes in the base of the island. Māhukona off the northwest corner of the island has eroded below the ocean surface. Kamaʻehuakanaloa (formerly Lōʻihi) is under water 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Hawaii. It is an erupting seamount that has grown to reach 3,200 feet (980 m) below

688-550: The earthquake of 1868 nor that of 1975 caused a measurable change in the Great Crack, lava welled out of its lower 6 miles (10 km) in 1823. Trails, rock walls, and archaeological sites from as old as the 12th century exist near the Great Crack. In August 2018, the National Park Service purchased nearly 2,000 acres (810 ha) of private land adjacent to Hawaii Volcanoes National Park , claiming that

731-504: The "Sandwich Islands" after his patron, the Earl of Sandwich . Hawaii was the home island of Paiʻea Kamehameha, later known as Kamehameha the Great . Kamehameha forcibly united most of the Hawaiian islands under his rule in 1795, after several years of war , and gave the kingdom and the island chain the name of his native island. In 1822, missionary William Ellis arrived and was one of

774-597: The Kona Village Resort. In early May 2018, hundreds of small earthquakes were detected on Kīlauea's East rift zone , leading officials to issue evacuation warnings. On 3 May 2018, the volcano erupted in Puna after a 5.0 earthquake earlier in the day, causing evacuations of Leilani Estates and Lanipuna Gardens subdivisions. A seemingly related 5.3 magnitude quake and a subsequent 6.9 magnitude earthquake occurred on 4 May. Vog (volcanic fog) can envelop

817-421: The United States. The mayor of Hawaii County is Mitch Roth, who took office in 2020. Legislative authority is vested in the nine-member Hawaii County Council. Hawaii County is one of seven counties in the United States to share the same name as the state they are in (the other six are Arkansas County , Idaho County , Iowa County , New York County , Oklahoma County , and Utah County ). Hawaii County has

860-405: The area had important geological features to be studied and preserved. The Hilina Slump is a 4,760-cubic-mile (19,800 km ) section of the south slope of Kīlauea that is moving away from the island. Between 1990 and 1993, Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements showed a southward displacement of about 4 inches (10 cm) per year. Undersea measurements show a "bench" that has formed

903-594: The base of Mount Everest is above sea level. Ka Lae , the southernmost point in the 50 states of the United States , is on Hawaii. The nearest landfall to the south is the Line Islands . To the northwest of the island of Hawaii is the island of Maui , whose Haleakalā volcano is visible from Hawaii across the Alenuihaha Channel . The island of Hawaiʻi is built from five separate shield volcanoes that erupted somewhat sequentially, one overlapping

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946-670: The county level that are at the state or municipal level in other states. For example, the county has its own office of liquor control. Hawaii Department of Public Safety previously operated the Kulani Correctional Facility in Hawaii County, on the Island of Hawaii . In 2009, the Hawaii Department of Public Safety announced that Kulani Correctional Facility would close. According to the county's 2021 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report ,

989-515: The east coast are: The larger hotels on the west coast, from north ( Puako ) to south ( Captain Cook ): Hawaii County, Hawaii Hawaii County ( Hawaiian : Kalana o Hawaiʻi ; officially known as the County of Hawaiʻi ) is a county in the U.S. state of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands . It is coextensive with the Island of Hawaii , often called the "Big Island" to distinguish it from

1032-590: The grandfather of both Keohokālole and Kapaʻakea, was depicted, along with his royal twin Kamanawa , on the Hawaiian coat of arms. Liliʻuokalani, in her memoir, referred to her family line as the "Keawe-a-Heulu line" after her mother's side of the family. With the deposition of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893 the House of Kalākaua ceased to reign, and the death of the Princess Victoria Kaʻiulani in 1899 meant

1075-460: The international airports. Taxi service is also available. Island-wide bus service is provided by the Hele-On Bus . Two commercial airports serve Hawaiʻi Island: The private airports are: The major commercial ports are Hilo on the east side and Kawaihae on the west side. Cruise ships often stop at Kailua-Kona (90 times in 2017) and Hilo (108 times in 2017). The larger hotels on

1118-513: The island of Hawaii when Kilauea is active. Since the termination of volcanic activity in September 2018, vog has largely disappeared on the west side of the island. The gas plumes created a blanket of vog that the trade winds mostly deflect toward the Kona coast. Vog can damage the health of plants, humans, and other animals. Most of the aerosols are acidic and of a size where they can remain in

1161-513: The island's last plantation closed. Most of the island's economy depends on tourism , centered primarily in resort areas on the western coast of the island in the North Kona and South Kohala districts. Sustainable tourism is increasing. Diversified agriculture is a growth sector. Major crops include macadamia nuts , papaya , flowers, tropical and temperate vegetables, aquaculture , and coffee beans . The island's orchid production

1204-526: The island. Other accounts attribute the name to the legendary realm of Hawaiki , a place from which some Polynesians are said to have originated, the place where they transition to in the afterlife, or the realm of the gods and goddesses. James Cook , the English explorer and navigator who captained the first European expedition to reach the Hawaiian Islands, called it O-Why-hee (from Hawaiian) and

1247-468: The loss of the last direct heir of the siblings of the reigning monarchs of House of Kalākaua. The main line of the dynasty thus ended when the deposed Queen Liliʻuokalani (who had abdicated and renounced) died in 1917. Their cousins came to be known as the House of Kawānanakoa , a branch of the House of Kalākaua, since they are relatives of King Kalākaua, descended from Prince David Kawānanakoa , eldest son of

1290-425: The lungs to damage them. Flu-like symptoms and general lethargy are reported, and are especially pronounced in people with respiratory conditions. The island hosts many specialized ecosystems/microclimates, including many protected by federal designation: Sugarcane was the backbone of the island economy for more than a century. In the mid-20th century, sugarcane plantations began to downsize, and in 1995

1333-483: The observatory manager, the University of Hawaii. The proposed addition of the Thirty Meter Telescope generated protests that stalled the project and led to the transfer of management responsibility to a Governor-appointed body. NELHA (Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii Authority), a 675-acre (273 ha) state developed site, is a green economic development ocean science and technology park on

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1376-525: The ocean surface, and it is forecast to break the surface in 10,000 to 100,000 years. The Great Crack is an eight-mile-long (13,000 m), 60-foot-wide (18 m) and 60-foot-deep (18 m) fissure in the island, in the district of Ka'u . According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), the Great Crack is the result of crustal dilation from magmatic intrusions into the southwest rift zone of Kilauea. While neither

1419-531: The other. Because Mauna Loa and Kīlauea are active volcanoes, the island is growing. Between January 1983 and September 2002, lava flows added 543 acres (220 ha) to the island. Lava flowing from Kīlauea destroyed several towns, including Kapoho in 1960 and again in 2018, and Kalapana and Kaimū in 1990. In 1987 lava filled in "Queen's Bath", a large, L-shaped, freshwater pool in the Kalapana area. Another 875 acres were added between May and July 2018 by

1462-655: The other. These are (from oldest to youngest): Geological evidence from exposures of old surfaces on the south and west flanks of Mauna Loa led to the proposal that two ancient volcanic shields (named Ninole and Kulani) were all but buried by the younger Mauna Loa. Geologists now consider these "outcrops" to be part of Mauna Loa. Based on geochemical (including trace elements ) and isotope differences in their eruptive products, Hawaiian volcanoes fall into two families. The differences are believed due to their separate magma systems. Hualālai and Mauna Loa are members of one family, while Kohala, Mauna Kea, and Kilauea are members of

1505-412: The population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. The largest ancestry groups were: There were 64,382 households, out of which 32.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 13.2% had a woman whose husband did not live with her, and 30.4% were non-families. 23.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.0% had someone living alone who

1548-629: The primary election. Legislative authority is vested in a nine-member County Council. Members of the County Council are elected on a nonpartisan basis to two-year terms from single-member districts. As of December 2016, Hawaii County Council has a female supermajority for the first time, with six women and three men. Administrative districts were originally based on the traditional land divisions called Moku of Ancient Hawaii . Some more heavily populated districts have since been split into North and South districts to make them more comparable on

1591-775: The princess Kūhiō Kinoike Kekaulike , who had died in 1908. The House of Kawānanakoa survives to modern times and at least two of its members have claims to the throne should the Hawaiian monarchy be revived. Key- (k)= Kane (male/husband) (w)= wahine (female/wife) Subjects with bold titles, lavender highlighted, bold box= Direct bloodline Bold title, bold, grey box= Aunts, uncles, cousins line Bold title, bold white box= European or American (raised to aliʻi status by marriage or monarch's decree) Regular name and box= makaʻāinana or untitled foreign subject Notes: Hawaii (island) Hawaii ( / h ə ˈ w aɪ . i / hə- WY -ee ; Hawaiian : Hawaiʻi Hawaiian pronunciation: [həˈvɐjʔi] )

1634-410: The state as a whole. The 2020 Census population was 200,629. The county seat is Hilo . There are no incorporated cities in Hawaii County (see Hawaii Counties ). The Hilo Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Hawaii County. Hawaii County has a mayor–council form of government. In terms of geography, Hawaii County is the most expansive county in the state and the most southerly county in

1677-474: The tops of the coconut trees up to 60 feet (18 m) high, and it reached inland a distance of a quarter of a mile (400 meters) in some places. On 29 November 1975, a 37-mile-wide (60 km) section of the Hilina Slump dropped 11.5 feet (3.5 m) and slid 26 feet (7.9 m) toward the ocean. This movement caused a 7.2 magnitude earthquake and a 48-foot-high (15 m) tsunami. Oceanfront property

1720-404: The west side of the island. It provides resources and facilities for energy and ocean-related research, education, and commercial activities in an environmentally sound and culturally sensitive manner. Business tenants on this coastal site include microalgae farms, aquaculture , solar technology and marine biotech . Tenants have access to three sets of pipelines delivering deep-sea water from

1763-456: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.24. The age distribution was 26.1% under 18, 8.2% from 18 to 24, 26.2% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 13.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 100 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98 males. 41.3% of the people on Hawaii island are religious, meaning they affiliate with

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1806-473: Was of the aliʻi class of the Hawaiian nobility and were collateral relations of the House of Kamehameha , sharing common descent from the early 18th-century aliʻi nui (supreme monarch) Keaweʻīkekahialiʻiokamoku . The family traces their descent from Keaweaheulu and Kameʻeiamoku , two of the five royal counselors of King Kamehameha I during his conquest of the Hawaiian Kingdom . Kameʻeiamoku,

1849-580: Was washed off its foundations in Punaluu. Two deaths were reported at Halape, and 19 other people were injured. The island suffered damage from a tsunami caused by earthquakes in Alaska on 1 April 1946, and in Chile on 23 May 1960. Downtown Hilo was damaged by both tsunamis, with many lives lost. Just north of Hilo, Laupāhoehoe lost 16 schoolchildren and five teachers in the tsunami of 1946. In March 2011,

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