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113-569: The Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail (HSR) is a proposed railway project to link Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia to Singapore via a high-speed rail line. It was first proposed by then Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak in September 2010. Singapore’s former Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong formally agreed to the joint project in February 2013, with the HSR originally expected to be completed by

226-568: A haze over the region, and is a major source of pollution, along with open burning, motor vehicle emissions, and construction. Kuala Lumpur was administered by a corporation sole called the Federal Capital Commissioner from April 1, 1961, until it was awarded city status in 1972, after which executive power transferred to the Lord Mayor ( Datuk Bandar ). 14 mayors have been appointed since then. The current mayor

339-528: A Federal Territory on 1 February 2001, as well as the seat of the federal government. The administrative and judicial functions of the government were shifted from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya . Kuala Lumpur however still retained its legislative function , and remained the home of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (Constitutional King). From the 1990s onwards, major urban developments in the Klang Valley extended

452-546: A HSR, and the assets company would have helped to ensure that both countries' interests are protected. This and other changes, such as bringing forward the construction timeline, to the partnership would have allowed Malaysia additional flexibility in its financing options, including deferring payments and accessing financing at more favourable rates, while boosting the construction sector in Malaysia. Announcing that they will continue on with "the necessary actions" resulting from

565-410: A Malaysian domestic service that would see the train stop at all in-between intermediaries stop at seven stations in Malaysia. This service which also runs every half-hour, would take 120 minutes. Those taking the domestic service from stations such as Seremban or Ayer Keroh near Malacca City who want to enter Singapore would have to clear Singapore Immigration at Iskandar Puteri station and then use

678-577: A Singapore Ministry of Transport spokesman said both sides were still in discussion. The decision to end the line in Johor Bahru has been criticised by Johor PKR deputy chief Jimmy Puah Wee Tse, who questioned the economic viability of the new alignment. On 1 January 2021, the prime ministers of Malaysia and Singapore announced the termination of the HSR project. While both governments had held several discussions on Malaysia's proposed changes, they were unable to reach an agreement. However, some members of

791-462: A formal, legally enforceable contract (though an MoU is often a first step towards the development of a formal contract). In the United Kingdom , the term MoU is commonly used to refer to an agreement between parts of The Crown . The term is often used in the context of devolution , for example the 1999 concordat between the central Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and

904-637: A joint statement, both nations also announced the HSR express service would be delayed until January 2031 instead of the original December 2026. A new agreement was signed by Malaysia's Economic Affairs Minister Azmin Ali and Singapore's Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan at the Prime Minister's Office in Putrajaya on Wednesday afternoon. Malaysia has since informed Singapore on 31 January 2019 that it has remitted S$ 15 million in abortive costs. In December 2019,

1017-551: A joint statement. After 2 years of cancellation, the project has reportedly been revived and the Malaysian government is currently seeking for proposals to restart the project. The proposed HSR line is 350 km long and is expected to reduce travel time between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore to 90 minutes. It would start from Bandar Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur and connect to other cities such as Malacca and Seremban along

1130-477: A large extent by Chinese businessmen such as Loke Yew , who was then the richest and most influential Chinese in Kuala Lumpur. The growth of the rubber industry led to an influx of foreign capital and planters, with new companies and industries becoming established in Kuala Lumpur, and other companies previously based elsewhere also found a presence here. During World War II , Kuala Lumpur was captured by

1243-418: A matter of law, the title of MoU does not necessarily mean the document is binding or not binding under international law . To determine whether a particular MoU is meant to be a legally binding document (i.e., a treaty), one needs to examine the parties’ intent as well as the signatories' position (e.g., Minister of Foreign Affairs vs. Minister of Environment). A careful analysis of the wording will also clarify

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1356-528: A meeting on 19 February 2013. A committee was tasked with looking into 'the details and modalities' of the project. At the meeting, Singapore and Malaysia have announced that the high-speed rail proposal would be finalised by end of 2014 with a targeted completion date of 2020. The proposal for Singapore's link was considered by the Land Transport Authority (LTA) in Budget 2014. According to

1469-457: A month. Kuala Lumpur is highly prone to severe thunderstorms and lightning strikes. The Klang Valley , including Kuala Lumpur, is one of the places where thunderstorms are most frequently observed on Earth. Floods are frequent in Kuala Lumpur after heavy downpours, especially in the city centre, because irrigation structure lags behind the intense development in the city. Smoke from forest fires in nearby Sumatra and Kalimantan sometimes casts

1582-541: A second change in government in the aftermath of the 2020 political crisis , with the Perikatan Nasional coalition coming to power and Muhyiddin Yassin becoming prime minister. A further time extension was requested to review the project, with Singapore agreeing to a deadline of end-2020. The two governments subsequently failed to reach an agreement to continue the project and terminated it on 1 January 2021 in

1695-462: A shuttle train service from Iskandar Puteri, which would take another 15 minutes to Jurong East station, the HSR stop in Singapore. Malaysia's Land Public Transport Commission chairman, Syed Hamid Albar , announced the stops in Malaysia on 22 October 2014. On 5 May 2015, The Singapore government has chosen Jurong East to be the terminal for this line in Singapore. Jurong Country Club, completed

1808-465: A slump. A major outbreak of cholera caused many to flee. The slump lasted until late 1879, when rising prices for tin allowed the town to recover. In late 1881, the town was severely flooded, after a fire that had destroyed the entire town in January. With the town being rebuilt a few times and having thrived, this was due in large to Yap Ah Loy. Yap, together with Frank Swettenham who was appointed

1921-497: A standard gauge track in parallel, with a fork running to Jurong East so that bilateral agreement is not violated. On 5 September 2018, after meetings, Singapore and Malaysia have formally agreed to postpone the construction of the KL-Singapore High-Speed Rail until end-May 2020, with Malaysia having to pay Singapore S$ 15 million for costs incurred in suspending the project before the end of January 2019. In

2034-611: A territory of Selangor State Government. In 1974, Kuala Lumpur was split off from Selangor to form the first Federal Territory governed directly by the Malaysian federal government. Its location in the most developed state on the west coast of peninsular Malaysia , which has a wider stretch of flat land than the east coast, has helped it develop faster than other cities in Malaysia. The municipality covers an area of 243 km (94 sq mi), with an average elevation of 81.95 m (268 ft 10 in) highest point being Bukit Nanas at 94 meters above sea level. Protected by

2147-522: A time. Yap Ah Loy also built Kuala Lumpur's first school and a major tapioca mill in Petaling Street , in which the Selangor's Sultan Abdul Samad held an interest. A railway line between Kuala Lumpur and Klang, initiated by Swettenham and completed in 1886, increased access and resulted in rapid growth. The population grew from 4,500 in 1884 to 20,000 in 1890. As development intensified in

2260-632: Is Kamarulzaman Mat Salleh , who has been in office since 17 April 2023. The local administration is carried out by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall , an agency under the Federal Territories Ministry of Malaysia . It is responsible for public health and sanitation, waste removal and management, town planning, environmental protection and building control, social and economic development, and general maintenance functions of urban infrastructure. Executive power lies with

2373-489: Is RM9,073 (~$ 2,200) as of 2016, growing at a pace of approximately 6% a year. The service sector, comprising finance, insurance, real estate, business services, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants and hotels, transport, storage and communication, utilities, personal services and government services form the largest component of employment, representing about 83.0 percent of the total. The remaining 17 percent comes from manufacturing and construction. The large service sector

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2486-589: Is also the owner of the Malaysia International Trade And Exhibition Centre (MITEC), the largest trade and exhibition centre of Malaysia , which is a component of the larger KL Metropolis development situated in the suburb of Segambut . Another notable trend is the increased presence of budget hotels in the city. The major tourist destinations in Kuala Lumpur include the Petronas Twin Towers ,

2599-477: Is believed by economics experts that the cancellation would have little impact on the Jurong Lake District development plans, since the HSR project was only included two years after the area's development plans were finalised. The land initially set aside for the HSR can be made used for other purposes. Singapore Transport Minister Ong Ye Kung subsequently revealed in a parliamentary session that

2712-784: Is considered by some to have been founded by the Malay Chief of Klang , Raja Abdullah, who sent Chinese miners into the region to open tin mines in 1857, although it is unclear who the first settlers were since there were likely settlements at the Gombak-Klang river confluence prior to that in the 1820s. Chinese miners were known to be involved in tin mining up the Selangor River in the 1840s about 16 kilometres (10 miles) north of present-day Kuala Lumpur, and Mandailing Sumatrans led by Raja Asal  [ ms ] and Sutan Puasa were also involved in tin mining and trade in

2825-470: Is evident in the number of local and foreign banks and insurance companies operating in the city. Kuala Lumpur is poised to become the global Islamic financing hub with an increasing number of financial institutions providing Islamic financing and the strong presence of Gulf financial institutions such as the world's largest Islamic bank, the Al-Rajhi Bank and Kuwait Finance House . Apart from that,

2938-662: Is home to the Parliament of Malaysia . The federal Constitution stipulates the three branches of the Malaysian government: the Executive, Judiciary and Legislative branches. The Parliament consists of the Dewan Negara (Upper House / House of Senate) and Dewan Rakyat (Lower House / House of Representatives). List of Kuala Lumpur representatives in the Federal Parliament (Dewan Rakyat) While DBKL acts as

3051-548: Is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world, the Petronas Towers which have since become an iconic symbol of Malaysian development. Kuala Lumpur is well connected with neighboring urban metro regions such as Petaling Jaya via the rapidly expanding Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . Residents of the city can also travel to other parts of Peninsular Malaysia as well as to Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) via rail through KL Sentral . Kuala Lumpur

3164-464: Is the largest city in the country, covering an area of 243 km (94 sq mi) with a census population of 2,075,600 as of 2024 . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 8.8 million people as of 2024. It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Southeast Asia , both in population and economic development. The city serves as

3277-576: The 2022 general elections , Singaporeans have again reportedly called for the Anwar administration to revive the project. On 11 July 2023, MyHSR Corp called for proposals from the private sector and firms to be submitted for the development of the HSR project. This signifies the revival of the project after 2 years of cancellation. The project was expected to cost 100 billion ringgit ($ 21 billion), several groups composed of Chinese, Japanese, and European firms submitted their concept proposal. On 11 January 2024,

3390-1059: The Bukit Bintang shopping district, the Kuala Lumpur Tower , Petaling Street (Chinatown), the Merdeka Square , the Kuala Lumpur railway station , the House of Parliament building, the National Palace ( Istana Negara ), the National Planetarium , the National Science Centre , the National Art Gallery ( Balai Seni Negara ), the National Theatre ( Istana Budaya ), the National Museum ,

3503-625: The Chinese New Year with the cutting of pigtails and ended with rioting and factional fighting lasting a number of days. The worst rioting on record in Malaysia, however, occurred on 13 May 1969, when race riots broke out in Kuala Lumpur. The so-called 13 May Incident included violent conflicts between members of the Malay and the Chinese communities, the result of Malays' dissatisfaction with their socio-political status. The riots caused

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3616-793: The Dow Jones & Company is keen to work with Bursa Malaysia to set up Islamic Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs), which would help raise Malaysia's profile in the Gulf. The city has a large number of foreign corporations and is also host to many multi national companies' regional offices or support centres, particularly for finance and accounting, and information technology functions. Most of the country's largest companies have their headquarters here, and as of December 2007 and excluding Petronas , there are 14 companies that are listed in Forbes 2000 based in Kuala Lumpur. There has been growing emphasis on expanding

3729-593: The Hai San secret society, they fought against a rival secret society, Ghee Hin , whom allied themselves with Raja Mahdi. Raja Asal and Sutan Puasa switched sides to Raja Mahdi, and Kuala Lumpur was captured in 1872 and burnt to the ground. Yap escaped to Klang where he assembled another fighting force and recaptured Kuala Lumpur in March 1873, defeating Raja Mahdi's forces with the help of fighters from Pahang . The war and other setbacks, such as dropping tin prices, led to

3842-545: The Imperial Japanese Army on 11 January 1942. Despite suffering little damage during the course of the battle, the wartime occupation of the city resulted in significant loss of lives; at least 5,000 Chinese were killed in Kuala Lumpur in just a few weeks of occupation by Japanese forces, and thousands of Indians were sent as forced labour to work on the Burma Railway where many died. They occupied

3955-618: The Johor–Singapore Causeway . In 2015, the Malaysian government established MyHSR Corp to facilitate developing and implementing high-speed rail projects. The company was under the control of the Ministry of Finance and the supervision of the Malaysian Ministry of Transport. The Government of Singapore has made the second large acquisition of land for the project by requiring Raffles Country Club to vacate its plot as

4068-1136: The Kuala Lumpur City Hall authority. For land administration purposes, the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur is divided into eight mukims , and several mukim-level towns ( pekan / bandar ): Kampung Baru Titiwangsa Sentul Maluri Pudu Brickfields Mid Valley City Bukit Tunku Perdana Botanical Gardens and Cenotaph Shamelin Perkasa (partial) Bandar Tun Razak Salak South Bangsar University of Malaya Pantai Dalam Jalan Klang Lama ( Taman Desa ) Bukit Damansara Sri Hartamas and Taman Duta Istana Negara Taman Tun Dr Ismail Kampung Sungai Penchala Sri Petaling Bukit Jalil Bandar Tasik Selatan Sungai Besi Jinjang Segambut Mont Kiara Batu Jalan Ipoh Sentul (partial) Taman Wahyu Wangsa Maju Taman Melati Setiawangsa (partial) Ampang Kampung Datuk Keramat Cochrane (partial) Maluri (partial) Cheras (partial) Taman Connaught Kuala Lumpur

4181-519: The Malaysian government to turn Malaysia into a high income economy nation. Tourism plays an important role in the city's service-driven economy. Many large worldwide hotel chains have a presence in the city. One of the oldest hotels is the Hotel Majestic . Kuala Lumpur is the sixth most visited city in the world , with 8.9 million tourists per year. Tourism here is driven by

4294-854: The National Monument , and religious sites such as the Sultan Abdul Samad Jamek Mosque , Thean Hou Temple and Buddhist Maha Vihara in Brickfields . Kuala Lumpur plays host to many cultural festivals such as the Thaipusam procession at the Sri Mahamariamman Temple . Every year during the Thaipusam celebration, a silver chariot carrying the statue of Lord Muruga together with his consort Valli and Teivayanni would be paraded through

4407-527: The Resident in 1882, were the two most important figures of early Kuala Lumpur with Swettenham credited with its rapid growth and development and its transformation into a major urban centre. The early Chinese and Malay settled along the east bank of the Klang River. The Chinese mainly settled around the commercial centre of Market Square. The Malays, and later Indian Chettiars and Muslims, resided in

4520-620: The Royal Museum , the National Textile Museum , Islamic Arts Museum , Telekom Museum , Royal Malaysian Police Museum , the National Mosque of Malaysia ( Masjid Negara ), Federal Territory Mosque ( Masjid Wilayah ), Sultan Abdul Samad Building , DBKL City Theatre ( Panggung Bandaraya ), Medan Pasar , Central Market , KL Bird Park , KL Butterfly Park , Aquaria KLCC , Saloma Link ( Pintasan Saloma ),

4633-696: The Scottish Environment Directorate . MoUs can also be used between a government agency and a non-commercial, non-governmental organization. In international relations, MoUs fall under the broad category of treaties and should be registered in the United Nations treaty collection. In practice and in spite of the United Nations Office of Legal Affairs ' insistence that registration be done to avoid 'secret diplomacy', MoUs are sometimes kept confidential. As

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4746-744: The Singapore Rail Test Centre . On 8 February 2017, LTA appointed engineering design firm AECOM Singapore to conduct an advanced engineering study for Singapore's stretch of the Singapore–Kuala Lumpur high-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure. On 16 February 2017, LTA and MyHSR awarded the HSR joint development partner (JDP) contract to a consortium comprising WSP Engineering Malaysia, Mott MacDonald Malaysia and Ernst & Young Advisory Services. They would provide management support, technical advice on systems and operations, develop safety standards and help prepare tender documents for

4859-864: The Titiwangsa Range in the east and Indonesia's Sumatra Island in the west, Kuala Lumpur is sheltered from strong winds and has a tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen climate classification Af ), hot, humid and sunny, with abundant rainfall, especially during the northeast monsoon season from October to March. Temperatures tend to remain constant. Maximums hover between 32 and 35 °C (90 and 95 °F) and sometimes topping 38 °C (100.4 °F), while minimums hover between 23.4 and 24.6 °C (74.1 and 76.3 °F) and have never fallen below 17.8 °C (64.0 °F). Kuala Lumpur typically receives at least 2,600 mm (100 in) of rain annually; June to August are relatively dry, but even then rainfall typically exceeds 131 millimetres (5.2 in)

4972-513: The Tun Razak Exchange (TRX) , formerly known as Kuala Lumpur International Financial District (KLIFD). The TRX's landmark and prominent building is The Exchange 106 tower. The 70-acre development will be situated in the heart of Kuala Lumpur and will serve international finance and business opportunities. The new financial hub is a strategic enabler of the Malaysian government's Economic Transformation Programme (ETP) , an initiative by

5085-847: The Ulu Klang region before 1860, and Sumatrans may have settled in the upper reaches of Klang River in the first quarter of the 19th century, or possibly earlier. Kuala Lumpur was originally a small hamlet of just a few houses and shops at the confluence of the Sungai Gombak and Sungai Klang ( Klang River ). Kuala Lumpur became established as a town c.  1857 , when Raja Abdullah bin Raja Jaafar, aided by his brother Raja Juma'at of Lukut , raised funds from Malaccan Chinese businessmen to hire Chinese miners from Lukut to open new tin mines there. The miners landed at Kuala Lumpur and continued on foot to Ampang , where they opened

5198-493: The mayor in the city hall, who is appointed for three years by the Federal Territories Minister. This system of appointing the mayor has been in place ever since the local government elections were suspended in 1970. Kuala Lumpur's eleven parliamentary constituencies, with 2020 population, area, density and percentage of the total are congruent with administrative subdivisions under the authority of

5311-422: The "main concern" leading to the termination of the project was Malaysia's suggestion to remove the assets company AssetsCo, which would have been a "best-in-class industry player" appointed through an open tender, to provide the means to run and operate the network. Singapore saw the removal of the assets company as a "significant departure" from the original agreement as both countries are inexperienced with running

5424-500: The 1820s a place named Sungei Lumpoor was said to be the most important tin-producing settlement up the Klang River . However this derivation does not account for this: Kuala Lumpur lies at the confluence of Gombak River and Klang River, and therefore should be named Kuala Gombak, since the kuala is typically named after the river that joins a larger river or the sea. Some have argued that Sungai Lumpur in fact extended down to

5537-502: The 1880s, putting pressure on sanitation, waste disposal and other health measures. A Sanitary Board created on 14 May 1890 was responsible for sanitation, road upkeep, street lighting, and other functions. This would eventually become the Kuala Lumpur Municipal Council in 1948. In 1896, Kuala Lumpur was chosen as the capital of the newly formed Federated Malay States . Kuala Lumpur expanded considerably in

5650-407: The 20th century. It was 0.65 km (0.25 sq mi) in 1895, but was extended to encompass 20 km (7.7 sq mi) in 1903, and to 52 km (20 sq mi) by 1924. By the time it became a municipality in 1948 it had expanded to 93 km (36 sq mi), and then to 243 km (94 sq mi) in 1974 as a Federal Territory. Before 1974, Kuala Lumpur was also

5763-463: The Java Street area, now Jalan Tun Perak . In 1880, the colonial administration moved the state capital of Selangor from Klang to the more strategically advantageous Kuala Lumpur, and British Resident William Bloomfield Douglas decided to locate the government buildings and living quarters to the west of the river. Government offices and a new police headquarters were built on Bukit Aman , and

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5876-652: The Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area. This area, known as Greater Kuala Lumpur , extends from the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur westward to Port Klang , east to the edge of the Titiwangsa Mountains as well as to the north and south. The area covers other administratively separate towns and cities such as Klang, Shah Alam , Putrajaya and others, and is served by the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . Notable projects undertaken within Kuala Lumpur itself included

5989-646: The Leaders' Retreat which was held on 7 April 2014, the possible locations for the high-speed rail terminus was narrowed down to Tuas West , Jurong East or the Downtown Core . On 6 February 2015, the Malaysia-Singapore Joint Ministerial Committee for Iskandar Malaysia (JMCIM) released a press statement stating that Singapore had announced Jurong East as the final location for the high-speed rail terminus. However,

6102-537: The Malay chief, and Hiu Siew, the early Chinese trader, became the first Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur. The third Chinese Kapitan of Kuala Lumpur, Yap Ah Loy , was appointed in 1868. Important Malay figures of early Kuala Lumpur also included Haji Mohamed Tahir, who became the Dato Dagang ("chief of traders"). The Minangkabaus of Sumatra became another important group who traded and established tobacco plantations in

6215-463: The Malaysian Government in 2021, is as follows. MyHSR Corp stated that Kuala Lumpur-Singapore non-stop high-speed rail express service would run every 30 minutes from Bandar Malaysia, at the outskirts of downtown Kuala Lumpur, to Jurong East in Singapore. The non-stop express service would reach Singapore in 90 minutes and passengers boarding at Bandar Malaysia station would be able to clear Singapore Immigration before boarding. The HSR would also offer

6328-409: The Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad said that Malaysia would be ok with the high speed rail project, but with trains running at a reduced speed to help reduce costs. In April 2020, UBS argued that the coronavirus could make people switch from air travel to high speed rail, thus solidifying the case for the HSR. On 29 May 2020, it was announced that Singapore was considering a request by

6441-419: The Malaysian cabinet. The domestic HSR was claimed to be essential for enhancing the connection between Kuala Lumpur and Johor Bahru, despite being criticized as less feasible and viable by the opposition. On 2 March 2022, Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin, chairman of the ruling Perikatan Nasional (PN), expressed support for the revival of the project. Talks on reviving the project began in the second quarter of 2022. At

6554-408: The Malaysian government to extend the suspension of the HSR project. On 31 May, Singapore Transport Minister Khaw Boon Wan said that Singapore had agreed to the suspension until 31 December 2020. In late December 2020, reports surfaced that Malaysia had decided to proceed with the HSR project alone, with the project stopping at Johor Bahru and not ending in Jurong, as originally planned. In response,

6667-414: The Malaysian government's Economic Transformation Programme Roadmap in a bid to increase economic activities concurrently with greater economic synergy between two important regional financial hubs. Studies into the feasibility and conceptual details of the proposal were carried out in December 2010 and January 2011. The Prime Ministers of Malaysia and Singapore agreed to proceed with the HSR project after

6780-489: The Padang initially created for police training. The Padang, now known as Merdeka Square , would later become the centre of the British administrative offices when the colonial government offices moved to the Sultan Abdul Samad Building in 1897. Frank Swettenham , on becoming the British Resident, began improving the town by cleaning up the streets. He also stipulated in 1884 that buildings should be constructed of brick and tile so that they would be less flammable, and that

6893-438: The Prime Minister's Department Abdul Rahman Dahlan . There were also details including a 25-metre-high bridge link near the Malaysia–Singapore Second Link and three services to be operated by two operators. At the same meeting, the leaders agreed on technical details for the Johor Bahru–Singapore Rapid Transit System (RTS) link, which will connect the Thomson–East Coast MRT line (TEL) to Johor Baru via another high bridge near

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7006-434: The Singapore government is open to "fresh proposals" for the government to look through and resume talks on a "clean slate". Malaysia Minister in the Prime Minister's Department (Economy) Mustapa Mohamed added, however, that the discussions were still in its early stages, with the issue of reducing costs yet to be discussed. At the same time, feasibility studies on a possible domestic HSR have concluded and will be presented to

7119-438: The area. Notable Minangkabaus included their headman, Dato' Sati, Utsman Abdullah, and Haji Mohamed Taib , who was involved in the early development of Kampung Baru . The Minangkabaus were also significant socio-religious figures, for example Utsman bin Abdullah was the first kadi of Kuala Lumpur, as well as Muhammad Nur bin Ismail. Early Kuala Lumpur was a small town that suffered from many social and political problems –

7232-439: The buildings were made of wood and ' atap ' (palm frond thatching ). The buildings were prone to catching fire, and due to a lack of proper sanitation the town was plagued with diseases. It also suffered from a constant threat of flooding due to its location. The town became embroiled in the Selangor Civil War in part over control of revenue from the tin mines. Yap Ah Loy allied himself with Tengku Kudin  [ ms ] and

7345-425: The city beginning at the temple all the way to Batu Caves in the neighboring Gombak , Selangor. The primary entertainment and shopping district of the city is mainly centred in the Golden Triangle encompassing Jalan P. Ramlee , Jalan Sultan Ismail , Jalan Bukit Bintang , Ampang Road and Bintang Walk . Memorandum of Understanding Whether a document constitutes a binding contract depends only on

7458-456: The city until 15 August 1945, when the commander in chief of the Japanese Seventh Area Army in Singapore and Malaysia, Seishirō Itagaki , surrendered to the British administration following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki . Kuala Lumpur grew during the war, and continued after the war during the Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) , during which Malaya was preoccupied with a communist insurgency and New Villages were established on

7571-443: The city with the main arterial routes of the present Ampang Road , Pudu Road and Petaling Street . As Chinese Kapitan, he held wide powers on a par with Malay community leaders. Law reforms were implemented and new legal measures introduced to the assembly. Yap also presided over a small claims court . With a police force of six, he was able to uphold the rule of law, constructing a prison that could accommodate sixty prisoners at

7684-443: The city's cultural diversity, relatively low costs, and wide gastronomic and shopping variety. MICE tourism, which mainly encompasses conventions — has expanded in recent years to become a vital component of the industry, and is expected to grow further once the Malaysian government's Economic Transformation Programme kicks in, and with the completion of a new 93,000 square meter-size MATRADE Centre in 2014. The MATRADE agency

7797-440: The city. The city remains the economic and business hub of the country. Kuala Lumpur is a centre for finance, insurance, real estate, media and the arts of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur is rated the only global city in Malaysia, according to the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). Bursa Malaysia , or the Malaysia Exchange, is based in the city and forms one of its core economic activities. As of 5 July 2013,

7910-409: The common law of the state). Many companies and government agencies use MoUs to define a relationship between departments, agencies or closely held companies. In business , an MoU is typically a legally non-binding agreement between two (or more) parties, outlining terms and details of a mutual understanding or agreement, noting each party's requirements and responsibilities—but without establishing

8023-405: The confluence and therefore the point where it joined the Klang River would be Kuala Lumpur, although this Sungai Lumpur is said to be another river joining the Klang River 1.5 kilometres (1 mile) upstream from the Gombak confluence, or perhaps located to the north of the Batu Caves area. It has also been proposed that Kuala Lumpur was originally named Pengkalan Lumpur ("muddy landing place") in

8136-430: The costs to be at around MYR 40 billion (US$ 9.7 billion). The project would require the construction of a brand-new line with dedicated tracks, which would allow trains to travel at least 270 km/h (170 mph). MYHSR Corp was to co-ordinate the project for the essential construction within the Malaysia corridor, whereas LTA was to be in charge for Singapore corridor. The planned timeline, prior to its cancellation by

8249-599: The cultural, financial, tourism, political and economic centre of Malaysia. It is also home to the bicameral Parliament of Malaysia (consisting of the Dewan Rakyat and the Dewan Negara ) and the Istana Negara , the official residence of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (monarch of Malaysia). Kuala Lumpur was first developed around 1857 as a town serving the tin mines of the region, and important figures such as Yap Ah Loy and Frank Swettenham were instrumental in

8362-489: The deaths of 196 people, according to official figures, and led to major changes in the country's economic policy to promote and prioritise Malay economic development over that of other ethnicities. Kuala Lumpur achieved city status on 1 February 1972, becoming the first settlement in Malaysia to be granted the status after independence. Later, on 1 February 1974, Kuala Lumpur became a federal territory . The territory of Kuala Lumpur expanded to 96 square miles by absorbing

8475-420: The decision will be determined in the fourth quarter of 2024, and three companies were shortlisted. According to local media, the three preferred candidates are consortiums led by YTL Corporation , Berjaya Land Bhd, and China Railway Construction Corporation . The government's policy suggested that the final bid needs to be 51% owned by Malaysian firms, and the $ 21.4 billion budget requires private capital so that

8588-534: The design and construction for the Malaysian portion of the project: A consortium of Malaysian Resources and Gamuda would build the northern part, and a consortium of Syarikat Pembenaan Yeoh Tiong Lay and TH Properties the southern part. The tender process for the Singapore tunnel sections was started in April 2018 with the start of construction expected in 2019. The former Prime Minister and Opposition leader, Dr Mahathir Mohamad threatened to cancel or at least delay

8701-516: The development of a new Kuala Lumpur City Centre around Jalan Ampang and the Petronas Towers , once the world's tallest buildings. The Petronas Towers has since been superseded as the tallest buildings in Kuala Lumpur by The Exchange 106 and Merdeka 118 , which is the second tallest building in the world after the Burj Khalifa in Dubai . The geography of Kuala Lumpur is characterised by

8814-467: The early development of the city during the late 19th century. It served as the capital of Selangor from 1880 until 1978. Kuala Lumpur was the founding capital of the Federation of Malaya and its successor, Malaysia. The city remained the seat of the executive and judicial branches of the Malaysian federal government until these were relocated to Putrajaya in early 1999. However, some sections of

8927-647: The economic scope of the city in other service activities, such as research and development, which support the rest of the economy of Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur has been home for years to important research centres such as the Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia , the Forest Research Institute Malaysia and the Institute of Medical Research. A new financial district for Kuala Lumpur is currently under construction:

9040-485: The edge of the Lake Gardens in 1963. The population of Kuala Lumpur expanded considerably from 1960 to 2018, doubling in size every 13 years. Kuala Lumpur had seen a number of civil disturbances over the years. A riot in 1897 was a relatively minor affair that began with the confiscation of faulty dacing (a scale used by traders), and in 1912, a more serious disturbance called the tauchang riot began during

9153-574: The exact nature of the document. The International Court of Justice has provided some insight into the determination of the legal status of a document in the landmark case of Qatar v. Bahrain , 1 July 1994. One advantage of MoUs over more formal instruments is that, because obligations under international law may be avoided, they can often be put into effect without requiring legislative approval. Hence, MoUs are often used to modify and adapt existing treaties, in which case these MoUs have factual treaty status. The decision concerning ratification, however,

9266-791: The first mine. Kuala Lumpur was the furthest point up the Klang River to which supplies could conveniently be brought by boat, and therefore became a collection and dispersal point serving the tin mines. Despite a high death toll from the malarial conditions of the jungle, the Ampang mines succeeded, and exported the first tin in 1859. At that time, Sutan Puasa was already trading near Ampang. Two traders from Lukut, Hiu Siew and Yap Ah Sze, arrived in Kuala Lumpur and set up shops to sell provisions to miners in exchange for tin. The town, spurred on by tin-mining, started to develop around Old Market Square ( Medan Pasar ), with roads radiating out towards Ampang as well as Pudu and Batu (the destinations became

9379-525: The government's liability does not increase. The line was to be about 350 kilometres (220 miles) and the travel time would have been 90 minutes. The construction costs was initially estimated at MYR 72 billion (US$ 17.4 billion) by the Barisan Nasional government, but the subsequent administration led by Mahathir estimated it to be at MYR 110 billion (US$ 26.6 billion) in 2018 due to hidden costs. However, experts and earlier news reports had estimated

9492-448: The group consisted of East Japan Railway and Sumitomo reportedly dropped out of their bid, leaving local firms seeking cooperation with Chinese and European companies. On 15 January 2024, MyHSR Corp received seven proposals from private bidding groups. Bid selection and further negotiations with the Singapore government were expected to be undertaken in the second half of 2024. On 17 July 2024, Transport Minister Anthony Loke announced

9605-560: The handover of the land parcel in November 2016. Another acquisition of a golf club, the Raffles Country Club was announced on 4 January 2017, with the operation completed by end-June 2018. On 17 October 2017, the Prime Minister of Malaysia revealed the concept designs for all stations in Malaysia. According to him, the design of each station is conceptualised to reflect the nation's culture, heritage, and identity on each of

9718-569: The huge Klang Valley , bordered by the Titiwangsa Mountains in the east, several minor ranges in the north and the south, and the Strait of Malacca in the west. Kuala Lumpur is a Malay term that translates to "muddy confluence" and is located at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers which flow into the Selangor River. Located in the centre of Selangor state, Kuala Lumpur was

9831-415: The joint project team of LTA and MyHSR. In the same month, it announced that the Singapore terminus would be designed by British architecture firm Farrells . On 17 October 2017, the Prime Minister of Malaysia Najib Razak announced that the land acquisition process has begun in Malaysia for the project and also the station designs. On 5 April 2018, MyHSR Corp announced the results of the selection process for

9944-603: The launch of a "market sensing exercise" on the Kuala Lumpur–Singapore high-speed rail project. Singapore and Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 19 July 2016 at a signing ceremony held at the then Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak's official residence in Putrajaya , witnessed by both Lee Hsien Loong and Najib Razak. It was signed by Singapore Transport Minister and Coordinating Minister for Infrastructure Khaw Boon Wan along with Malaysian Minister in

10057-527: The market capitalisation stood at US$ 505.67 billion. The gross domestic product (GDP) for Kuala Lumpur is estimated at RM73,536 million in 2008 with an average annual growth rate of 5.9 percent. By 2015, the GDP had reached RM160,388 million, representing 15.1% of the total GDP of Malaysia. The per capita GDP for Kuala Lumpur in 2013 was RM79,752 with an average annual growth rate of 5.6 percent, and RM94,722 in 2015. Average monthly household income

10170-532: The name of one of the seven districts of Selangor (six before 1960). The Kuala Lumpur district comprises seven mukims – Sungai Buloh, Batu, Petaling, Ampang, Ulu Klang, Kuala Lumpur and Setapak. The development of a rubber industry in Selangor fueled by the demand for car tyres in the early 20th century led to a boom, and the population of Kuala Lumpur increased from 30,000 in 1900 to 80,000 in 1920. The commercial activities of Kuala Lumpur had been run to

10283-467: The names of these roads: Ampang Road , Pudu Road , and Batu Road ), where miners had also begun to settle in, and Petaling and Damansara . The miners formed gangs and the gangs frequently fought in this period, particularly factions of Kuala Lumpur and Kanching, mainly over control of the best tin mines. Leaders of the Chinese community were conferred the title of Kapitan Cina (Chinese headman) by

10396-587: The outskirts of the city. The first municipal election in Kuala Lumpur was held on 16 February 1952. An ad hoc alliance between the Malay UMNO and Chinese MCA party candidates won a majority of the seats, and this led to the formation of the Alliance Party (later the Barisan Nasional ). On 31 August 1957, the Federation of Malaya gained its independence from British rule. The British flag

10509-549: The political bodies still remain in Kuala Lumpur. The city is one of the three Federal Territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s, the city has played host to many international sporting, political and cultural events, including the 1998 Commonwealth Games , 2001 Southeast Asian Games , 2017 Southeast Asian Games , Formula One , Moto GP and FIFA World Youth Championships . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades and

10622-539: The presence or absence of well-defined legal elements in the text proper of the document (the so-called " four corners "). The required elements are offer and acceptance , consideration , and the intention to be legally bound ( animus contrahendi ). In the US, the specifics can differ slightly depending on whether the contract is for goods (falls under the Uniform Commercial Code ) or services (falls under

10735-454: The project if he won the 14th Malaysian general election, which prompted the CEO of MyHSR Corp to urge all parties to refrain from politicising the project. By late May 2018, Mahathir confirmed that Malaysia would scrap the project, citing its high construction costs and downplaying its benefits. However, he appeared to backtrack on earlier statements during an official visit to Japan, commenting that

10848-415: The project was merely postponed until Malaysia was in better financial conditions, further reaffirming the peninsula's need for High-Speed Rail in the future. Among revisions being explored to reduce costs, was to align the route to the existing meter gauge Keretapi Tanah Melayu (KTM) line to allow trains to run at 200 km/h with some upgrades in order to trim travel time to 2 hours and 10 minutes and lay

10961-440: The public in Malaysia felt that the project would have spurred on local economies and rebound faster from the economic impact. Some Malaysian states, Malacca and Negeri Sembilan , which would have the line going through them had expressed that the cancellation would impact on their local economies and development plans. The Johor state government has expressed hope to continue the project without Singapore. In Singapore, however, it

11074-527: The same time, the Malaysian government is looking into the possibility of extending the project to neighboring Thailand, which was first proposed in September 2016. On 22 August, Malaysian prime minister Ismail said Malaysia hopes to revive the project "at the earliest possible date", with the project's term and conditions changed. He also hoped the rail line would be part of a greater HSR network connecting to China. Following Pakatan Harapan chairman Anwar Ibrahim 's appointment as prime minister of Malaysia after

11187-738: The same way that Klang was once called Pengkalan Batu ("stone landing place"), but became corrupted into Kuala Lumpur. Another theory says that it was initially a Cantonese word lam-pa , meaning 'flooded jungle' or 'decayed jungle'. There is no firm contemporary evidence for these suggestions other than anecdotes. The name may also be a corrupted form of an earlier forgotten name. [REDACTED]   Sultanate of Selangor 1857–1974 [REDACTED]   Federated Malay States 1895–1942; 1945–1946 [REDACTED] Empire of Japan 1942–1945 [REDACTED]   Malayan Union 1946–1948 [REDACTED]   Federation of Malaya 1948–1963 [REDACTED]   Malaysia 1963–present Kuala Lumpur

11300-492: The settlement representing the complete termination of the project and bilateral agreement. On 29 November 2021, at the launch of the Malaysia–Singapore land Vaccinated Travel Lane (VTL) scheme, Malaysian prime minister Ismail Sabri Yaakob suggested reviving discussions of the terminated HSR project. While Singapore prime minister Lee stated that the project has already been terminated with compensation paid, he added that

11413-477: The site offers the "most suitable location" to run the HSR tracks after the bridge crossing and to place the tunnel portal leading to the tunnels that would take the HSR to the Jurong East terminus. The site is expected to be vacated by 31 July 2018, to be used for HSR crossover tracks and a siding facility to temporarily house a train near the border for safety or operational reasons. The site is now occupied by

11526-473: The sole local government in Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur and its surrounding urban areas form the most industrialised and economically, the fastest-growing region in Malaysia. Despite the relocation of federal government administration to Putrajaya , certain government institutions such as Bank Negara Malaysia ( National Bank of Malaysia ), Companies Commission of Malaysia and Securities Commission as well as most embassies and diplomatic missions have remained in

11639-554: The station's corridor while remaining modern and futuristic, and also to demonstrate the growth vision that the HSR would bring. HSR would also have three depots in Serdang , Muar and Pontian . The concepts of the stations are: Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur , and colloquially referred to as KL , is the capital city and a federal territory of Malaysia . It

11752-408: The surrounding areas. Kuala Lumpur was ceded by Selangor to be directly controlled by the central government , and it ceased to be capital of Selangor in 1978 after the city of Shah Alam was declared the new state capital. On 14 May 1990, Kuala Lumpur celebrated the centennial of the local council. The new federal territory Kuala Lumpur flag and anthem were introduced. Putrajaya was declared

11865-458: The termination, both sides remained committed to preserve good relations and continue working on improving the connectivity between the two nations. Malaysia, which has allowed the termination, will have to compensate Singapore for the costs incurred as according to the agreement. At the point of termination, Singapore had incurred a cost of at least S$ 270 million. On 29 March 2021, Malaysia compensated Singapore S$ 102.8 million (US$ 75.36 million), with

11978-523: The terminus would not be connected to the Jurong East MRT station . Various parties have taken an interest in the project, such as Japan and South Korea . Similarly, during a state visit by the Prime Minister of Singapore to France, Singapore's Transport Minister Lui Tuck Yew told the press that French firms are keen to participate in the project. On 7 October 2015, the LTA and SPAD jointly announced

12091-527: The town be rebuilt with wider streets to reduce fire risk. Kapitan Yap Ah Loy bought a sprawling piece of real estate to set up a brick factory for the rebuilding of Kuala Lumpur, the eponymous Brickfields . Demolished atap buildings were replaced with brick and tile buildings, and many of the new brick buildings had " five-foot ways " and Chinese carpentry work. This resulted in a distinct eclectic shop house architecture typical to this region. Kapitan Yap Ah Loy expanded road access, linking tin mines with

12204-410: The two cities to 99 minutes, compared to 4–5 hours by road or 7 hours by conventional rail services, or 3 hours by air (including travel to and from the airports, check-in, boarding and other airport procedures). In 2008, the Malaysian government halted the project citing high-costs of over RM8 billion. The proposal was highlighted in 2010 as a high-impact project, out of the 131 entry-point projects, in

12317-485: The west coast of West Malaysia en route to Jurong East in Singapore. A high-speed rail link between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore was proposed in the late 1990s but due to high costs, the proposal was shelved. In 2006, YTL Corporation , operator of the Express Rail Link in Kuala Lumpur, revived the proposal, with a projected speed of 250 km/h (155 mph). This was expected to trim travel time between

12430-447: The year of 2026. The 2018 Malaysian general election resulted in the defeat of Najib Razak, with his successor Mahathir Mohamad initially announcing that the project would be scrapped. Nevertheless, during a visit to Japan on 12 June 2018, Mahathir said that the project would merely be postponed due to high costs. On 5 September 2018, it was announced that the HSR operations would start in January 2031. Malaysia subsequently underwent

12543-659: Was lowered and the Malayan flag raised for the first time at the Padang at midnight on 30 August 1957, and on the morning of 31 August, the ceremony for the Declaration of Independence was held at the Merdeka Stadium by the first Prime Minister of Malaya, Tunku Abdul Rahman . Kuala Lumpur remained the capital after the formation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963. The Malaysian Houses of Parliament were completed at

12656-585: Was named World Book Capital 2020 by UNESCO . In 2024, Kuala Lumpur was ranked second for the best outstanding city in Southeast Asia after Singapore and 135th in the world by the Oxford Economic Papers ' Global Cities Index. Kuala Lumpur means "muddy confluence" in Malay ; Kuala is the point where two rivers join or an estuary , and lumpur means "mud". One suggestion is that it was named after Sungai Lumpur ("muddy river"); in

12769-681: Was ranked the 6th most-visited city in the world on the Mastercard Destination Cities Index in 2019. The city houses three of the world's ten largest shopping malls. Kuala Lumpur ranks 70th in the world and the second in Southeast Asia after Singapore for the Economist Intelligence Unit 's Global Liveability Ranking and ninth in ASPAC and second in Southeast Asia after Singapore for KPMG 's Leading Technology Innovation Hub 2021. Kuala Lumpur

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