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24-581: The Klang Valley is geographically delineated by the Titiwangsa Mountains to the east and the Strait of Malacca to the west. It extends to Rawang in the northwest, Semenyih in the southeast, and Klang and Port Klang in the southwest. The conurbation is the heartland of Malaysia's industry and commerce. As of 2022, the Klang Valley is home to roughly 9 million people. The valley

48-562: A drainage divide of some major rivers of Peninsular Malaysia such as the Pahang , Perak , Kelantan , Klang and Muar . The length of mountain range is about 480 km from north to south. The Titiwangsa Mountains are predominantly granitic . The mountain range is part of a suture zone that runs north–south, starting in Thailand at the Nan - Uttaradit suture zone (partly coincident with

72-442: A monorail have been developed. Most of these systems have gone through extensive expansion as a superproject. The Klang Valley Integrated Transit System , as of now, is currently being upgraded to include a new MRT line and LRT line, as well as a monorail serving Putrajaya . Buses that operate around Klang Valley are also extensive. In 2024, National Defence University of Malaysia associate professor Wu Chai Bin believed that

96-704: Is named after the Klang River , the principal river that flows through it that starts at Klang Gates Quartz Ridge in Gombak and flows into the Straits of Malacca in Port Klang , The river is closely linked to the early development of the area as a cluster of tin mining towns in the late 19th century. Development of the region took place largely in the East-West direction (between Gombak and Port Klang ) but

120-653: Is often represented on the surface by an orogen or mountain range. In plate tectonics, sutures are the remains of subduction zones , and the terranes that are joined are interpreted as fragments of different palaeocontinents or tectonic plates . Outcrops of sutures can vary in width from a few hundred meters to a couple of kilometers . They can be networks of mylonitic shear zones or brittle fault zones, but are usually both. Sutures are usually associated with igneous intrusions and tectonic lenses with varying kinds of lithologies from plutonic rocks to ophiolitic fragments. An example from Great Britain

144-529: Is the Iapetus Suture which, though now concealed beneath younger rocks, has been determined by geophysical means to run along a line roughly parallel with the Anglo-Scottish border and represents the joint between the former continent of Laurentia to the north and the former micro-continent of Avalonia to the south. Avalonia is in fact a plain which dips steeply northwestwards through

168-508: Is very high, with a highly developed road network and an expanding integrated rail transit system. Many expressways criss-cross the metropolis making cars the most convenient way to get around. However, this has led to the Klang Valley's notorious traffic jams which span whole kilometres of expressways and make driving during peak hours exhausting. Since the 1990s, new rail systems, such as Rapid KL's light rapid transit (LRT), mass rapid transit (MRT), KTM Komuter , ERL's airport rail links and

192-607: The Dien Bien Phu fault ), and extending south towards Peninsular Malaysia ( Bentong - Raub suture zone). The eastern half of the Titiwangsa Mountains in Peninsular Malaysia is an amalgamation of continental terranes known as Cimmeria or Indochina, whereas the western half is an amalgamation of continental terranes Sinoburmalaya or Sibumasu . These two halves of terranes were separated by

216-551: The Malay Peninsula . The northern section of the range is in southern Thailand , where it is known as the Sankalakhiri Range ( Thai : ทิวเขาสันกาลาคีรี ; RTGS : Thio Khao Sankalakhiri ; pronounced [tʰīw kʰǎw sǎn.kāːlāːkʰīːrīː] ). The mountain range acts as a natural divider, dividing Peninsular Malaysia , as well as southernmost Thailand, into east and west coast regions. It also serves as

240-580: The Nakhon Si Thammarat Range which includes the smaller Pattani, Taluban, and Songkhla sub-ranges. The Sankalakhiri marks the border between the Southern Thai provinces of Yala in west and Narathiwat in the east. Across the border into Malaysia, the main stretch of the range runs in a northwest–southeast orientation, straddling the borders between the west coast states of Perak and Selangor with Kelantan and Pahang on

264-648: The Paleo-Tethys Ocean . The Cimmeria was separated from Gondwana around 400 mya during the Devonian and rifted towards Laurasia, the northeastern arm of Pangea . It attached to Laurasia completely around 280 mya during the Late Permian . Sibumasu terranes on the other hand, only started to separate from Gondwana during the Early Permian and rifted towards Indochina. The collision of

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288-481: The eastern side of the peninsula. From the tripoint of Pahang , Selangor and Negeri Sembilan near Mount Nuang , it then transverses through the middle of the state of Negeri Sembilan, also a west coast state, thus dividing the state into two regions – western Negeri Sembilan, which consists of Seremban , Port Dickson and Rembau Districts , and eastern Negeri Sembilan, composed of the districts of Jelebu , Kuala Pilah , Jempol and Tampin – and terminates in

312-685: The Sibumasu terranes and Indochina terranes 200 mya during the Late Triassic resulted in the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and formation of the modern Titiwangsa Mountain belts. Peninsular Malaysia , while being tectonically stable, has a history of intraplate earthquakes , with most of them of low magnitudes. As the Bentong-Raub suture runs parallel to the Titiwangsa Mountains, a large network of fault lines crisscross

336-521: The Thai side, the highest point is 1,533 m (5,026 ft) Ulu Titi Basah (ยูลูติติ บาซาห์), at the Thai/Malaysian border between Yala province and Perak . On the other hand, the height gradually diminishes towards the southern reaches of the range, which mainly runs through Negeri Sembilan , with elevations ranging from 1,462 m (4,797 ft) at its highest on Mount Besar Hantu , on

360-837: The Titiwangsa Mountains. As a precautionary move, the Department of Minerals and Geosciences pitched 23 Earthquake Benchmark (PAG, Malay : Penanda Aras Gempa ) stations around earthquake-prone areas in Peninsular Malaysia, with 13 in Pahang , six in Selangor , and two each in Perak and Negeri Sembilan to monitor possible movements within the fault network. The Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change (NRECC) also pointed out that strong earthquakes centred in neighbouring Sumatra , Indonesia could potentially activate ancient faults in Peninsular Malaysia and

384-501: The border between the state and Pahang , as well as 1,193 m (3,914 ft) on Mount Telapak Buruk on the boundary between the districts of Seremban and Jelebu to 500–700 metres (1,600–2,300 ft). The rainforests of the Titiwangsa Mountains form part of the Titiwangsa Forest Complex , which is itself part of the larger Central Forest Spine conservation area. A number of roads and highways cut through

408-504: The crust, underthrusting Laurentia. When used in paleontology , suture can also refer to fossil exoskeletons , as in the suture line, a division on a trilobite between the free cheek and the fixed cheek; this suture line allowed the trilobite to perform ecdysis (the shedding of its skin). Heron, P., Pysklywec, R. & Stephenson, R. Lasting mantle scars lead to perennial plate tectonics. Nat Commun 7, 11834 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11834 This tectonics article

432-594: The effects of tremors could be felt around areas along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This mountain range is a part of the wider Tenasserim Hills . It forms the southernmost section of the Indo-Malayan cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus into the Malay Peninsula . The Titiwangsa Mountains proper begin in the north as the Sankalakhiri Range, a prolongation of

456-547: The entirety of Kinta Valley, where kegelkarst topography is prevalent. The mountain range was the subject of the patriotic song "Titiwangsa", which was first sung by Saloma . Its lyrics glorifies the magnificence and beauty of the Titiwangsa Mountains, and its significance to Malaya as a whole. Suture (geology) In structural geology , a suture is a joining along a major fault zone, of separate terranes , tectonic units that have different plate tectonic , metamorphic and paleogeographic histories. The suture

480-501: The mountain range, effectively acting as mountain passes linking settlements on either side of the range. Several popular tourist destinations such as Royal Belum , hill resorts such as Cameron Highlands , Genting Highlands and Fraser's Hill are located on the range. Two of Malaysia's largest metropolitan areas are located along the western fringes of the mountain range, namely Greater Kuala Lumpur (ranked #1) and Kinta Valley (ranked #4). The Kinta Valley Geopark encompasses

504-574: The mountain range. The known major fault lines in the mountains are the Bukit Tinggi , Kuala Lumpur and Seremban fault lines, with the first two being the most active. Between 1984 and 2013, there were tremors ranging from 1.6 to 4.6 on the Richter scale with local epicentres in Kenyir Lake , Manjung , Temenggor , Bukit Tinggi and Kuala Pilah , the latter three being situated along

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528-507: The south near the town of Tampin , in the southern part of the state. Outcrops of Titiwangsa granite , mainly consisting of inselbergs , project further south into Malacca , where it abuts in the waters of the Strait of Malacca in Pulau Besar . In general, the greatest elevations occur along the northern and central sections of the range, with its highest point measuring 2,183 m (7,162 ft) on Gunung Korbu , Perak . On

552-409: The traffic jams in Klang Valley would be relieved in 10 years by improving the public transportation network. Titiwangsa Mountains The Titiwangsa Mountains ( Malay : Banjaran Titiwangsa ; Jawi : بنجرن تيتيوڠسا ‎, pronounced [ˈband͡ʒaˈran titiwaŋˈsa] ), also known as Banjaran Besar (lit. 'main range') by locals, is the chain of mountains that forms the backbone of

576-439: The urban areas surrounding Kuala Lumpur have since grown north and south towards the border with Perak and Negeri Sembilan respectively. There is no official designation of the boundaries that make up the Klang Valley but it is often assumed to comprise the following areas and their corresponding local authorities: Even though the Klang Valley officially consists of separate cities and suburbs, integration between these cities

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