The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition (also known as NBSX or NBSAE ) (1949–1952) was the first Antarctica expedition involving an international team of scientists . The team members came from Norway , Sweden and the British Commonwealth of Nations .
39-521: The Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition was the first expedition to Antarctica involving an international team of scientists. The expedition was led by John Schjelderup Giæver , a Norwegian author and polar researcher. The expedition had the goal of establishing whether climatic fluctuations observed in the Arctic were also occurring in the Antarctic. A base known as Maudheim was established on
78-605: A trapper in north-eastern Greenland from 1929 to 1934. In 1935 he was hired as secretary for Norges Svalbard- og Ishavsundersøkelser , the Norwegian institution for exploration of Svalbard and the Arctic Sea , later renamed into the Norwegian Polar Institute . During World War II , he first fled to London where he worked as a secretary for the exiled government. From 1941 to 1944, he served with
117-443: A Swedish flying unit to assist with aerial photography . The information obtained from the expedition helped with the further study of glaciology , meteorology , and geology . It found that the world's "sea-level was principally controlled by the state of the Antarctic ice-sheet." It also improved the understanding of the impact of the Antarctic ice-sheets on the regulation of the world's climate. It also found evidence that suggest
156-417: A contract to acquire 14 NH90 helicopters, claiming that the supplier could not deliver and sustain the availability of combat capable aircraft that Norway required. All NH90 flight operations are discontinued, all acquired aircraft are planned to be returned to the manufacturer, and in due course Norway intends to acquire a new aircraft. On 14 March 2023, RNoAF announced a contract for six SH-60 Seahawk as
195-729: A part of the Operation Enduring Freedom . One of the missions was Operation Desert Lion . On 27–28 January, Norwegian F-16s bombed Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin Fighters in the Adi Ghar Mountains during the beginnings of Operation Mongoose . In 2004, four F-16s participated on NATO's Baltic Air Policing operation. Beginning from February 2006, eight Royal Netherlands Air Force F-16s, joined by four Royal Norwegian Air Force F-16s, supported NATO International Security Assistance Force ground troops mostly in
234-508: A portion of Antarctica ( Dronning Maud Land ) was once joined to southern Africa. Further scientific studies have also found strong evidence that eastern Antarctica was adjacent to southern Africa until the late Jurassic period. Additional members that joined at a later date: 71°03′00″S 10°55′00″W / 71.0500°S 10.9167°W / -71.0500; -10.9167 John Schjelderup Gi%C3%A6ver John Schjelderup Giæver (31 December 1901 – 9 November 1970)
273-717: A replacement for the NH90 . The three first helicopters will be delivered in 2025. In April 2024 the Strategic Defense Plan announced the intention to acquire one extra C-130J Super Hercules and undisclosed number of helicopters to support the Army and special force. The plan also proposes increasing NASAMS's batteries to 6. As well as increasing the Army's air defense to 2 batteries. 2 batteries of layered air defenses with ballistic capacity will also be introduced (Patriot or new NASAMS with long-range missiles) The RNoAF
312-1274: A separate arm of the Norwegian Armed Forces on 10 November 1944. The RNoAF's peacetime establishment is approximately 2,430 employees (officers, enlisted staff and civilians). 600 personnel also serve their draft period in the RNoAF. After mobilization , the RNoAF would consist of approximately 5,500 personnel. The infrastructure of the RNoAF includes seven airbases (at Ørland , Rygge , Andøya , Evenes , Bardufoss , Bodø , and Gardermoen ). It also has one control and reporting centre (in Sørreisa Municipality ) and three training centres: Værnes in Stjørdal Municipality (about 32.7 kilometres (20.3 mi) northeast of Trondheim ), Kjevik in Kristiansand Municipality , and at KNM Harald Haarfagre/ Madlaleiren in Stavanger Municipality . Military flights started on 1 June 1912. The first plane, HNoMS Start ,
351-692: A son in April the same year. However, the marriage was dissolved. Giæver married Anna Margrethe Gløersen in 1948; this time they had a daughter, born 1954. He took his secondary education in Trondheim in 1920, and then moved back to Tromsø. He started a newspaper career, as sub-editor of Tromsø Stiftstidende from 1921 to 1922. He was editor-in-chief in Vesteraalens Avis from 1922 to 1928 and Tromsø Stiftstidende from 1928 to 1929. He lived as
390-488: Is organized in five Air Wings. These are divided into a total of one Control and Reporting Centre, nine flying squadrons as well as two ground based air defense units. The former distinctiontion between a Main Air Station ( hovedflystasjon ) and an Air Station ( flystasjon ) was replaced by a new distinction between an Air Force Station ( flystasjon ) and an Air Force Base ( Luftforsvarets base ). NOTE: Norway
429-537: Is participating in three NATO programs giving them access to an Airbus A330 MRTT , 3 C-17 ’s and 5 RQ-4D Phoenixs . Previous aircraft flown included the Dassault Falcon 20 , F-16 Fighting Falcon , North American F-86K , Republic F-84G , F-104 Starfighter , Northrop F-5 , Lockheed T-33 , Fairchild PT-26 , Catalina PB5Y-A , Douglas C-47 , DHC-3 Otter , Noorduyn Norseman , Cessna O-1 , Bell UH-1B , Bell 47G , P-3 Orion , NHIndustries NH90 and
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#1732783684197468-618: The 330 (Norwegian) Squadron in May 1941 they were stationed at Reykjavík , Iceland performing anti-submarine and convoy escort duties. The unequal situation led to the rapid defeat of the Norwegian air forces, even though seven Gladiators from the fighter wing ( Jagevingen ) defended Fornebu airport against the attacking German forces with some success—claiming two Bf 110 heavy fighters, two He 111 bombers and one Junkers Ju 52 transport. Jagevingen lost two Gladiators to ground strafing while they were rearming on Fornebu and one in
507-849: The Anti-Aircraft Artillery was integrated into the Royal Norwegian Air Force. In 1999, Norway participated with six F-16s during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . In October 2002, a tri-national force of 18 Norwegian, Danish , and Dutch F-16 fighter-bombers, with one Dutch Air Force KC-10 A tanker , flew to the Manas Air Base in Kyrgyzstan , to support the NATO ground forces in Afghanistan as
546-917: The Finnish Air Force , while most of the aircrew eventually ended up in "Little Norway". The Army and Navy air services established themselves in Britain under the command of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . Norwegian air and ground crews operated as part of the British Royal Air Force , in both wholly Norwegian squadrons and also in other squadrons and units such as RAF Ferry Command and RAF Bomber Command . In particular, Norwegian personnel operated two squadrons of Supermarine Spitfires : RAF 132 (Norwegian) Wing consisted of No. 331 (Norwegian) Squadron and RAF No. 332 (Norwegian) Squadron . Both planes and running costs were financed by
585-659: The Kjeller aircraft factory, flight ready, but none combat ready. Some of the Kjeller aircraft had not been fitted with machine guns, and those that had been fitted still lacked gun sights . The ship with the last five 75A-6s that were bound for Norway was diverted to the United Kingdom, where they were taken over by Royal Air Force (RAF). All 19 Norwegian P-36s that were captured by the German invaders were later sold by
624-628: The Norwegian Army Air Service (Hærens Flyvevaaben) and the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service (Marinens Flyvevaaben). In the late 1930s, as war seemed imminent, more modern aircraft were bought from abroad, including twelve Gloster Gladiator fighters from the UK, and six Heinkel He 115s from Germany . Considerable orders for aircraft were placed with United States companies during the months prior to
663-554: The Quar Ice Shelf along the coast of Queen Maud Land in February 1950. This expedition laid the groundwork for the following Australian expeditions to Antarctic from 1954 to the early 1960s. The expedition was transported aboard a 600-ton sealer named Norsel that was powered by a German U-boat diesel engine. This ship was used in conjunction with a 24,000 ton whaling factory ship named Thorshovdi . The larger ship
702-848: The Royal Norwegian Air Force -in-exile at Little Norway , Canada. In 1944, with the rank of Major, he was sent to Northern Norway to participate in the successful liberation from Nazi occupation . In 1947 he returned to the Norwegian Polar Institute as secretary, and from 1948 to 1960 he was office manager. However, he was still involved in the field as well, leading the wintering party of the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition from 1949 to 1952. Giæver published several books. His literary career began with Illgjerningsmand ( A Misdeeder ) (1921), which
741-674: The Souda Air Base in Souda Bay on Crete . On 24 March 2011, F-16s from the Royal Norwegian Air Force were assigned to the United States Africa Command during Operation Odyssey Dawn . On 25 March 2011, laser-guided bombs were launched from F-16s of the Royal Norwegian Air Force against Libyan tanks and during the night towards 26 March an airfield was bombed. Forces were also deployed to Operation Unified Protector on 26 March 2011. By July 2011,
780-573: The USAAF took over the aircraft and used them under the designation P-36G. Also ordered prior to the invasion were 24 Northrop N-3PB float planes built in on Norwegian specifications for a patrol bomber . The order was made on 12 March 1940 in an effort to replace the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service's obsolete MF.11 biplane patrol aircraft. None of the type were delivered by 9 April and when they became operational with
819-658: The British Isles were four German-made Heinkel He 115 seaplane bombers, six of which were bought before the war and two more were captured from the Germans during the Norwegian Campaign . One He 115 also escaped to Finland before the surrender of mainland Norway, as did three M.F. 11s ; landing on Lake Salmijärvi in Petsamo . A captured Arado Ar 196 originating from the German heavy cruiser Admiral Hipper
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#1732783684197858-636: The F-35 officially took over the Quick Reaction Alert mission, ending the F-16 fleet’s 42 year-long mission and making Norway the first country in the world to field a fighter fleet entirely composed of fifth-generation fighters . In December 2021, Romania expressed their interest to purchase 32 F-16As. The first three aircraft were delivered in November 2023. In June 2022, Norway terminated
897-475: The German authorities to the Finnish Air Force , which was to use them to good effect during the Continuation War . The other order for P-36s was for 36 Hawk 75A-8 (with 1200 hp Wright R-1820 -95 Cyclone 9 engines), none of which were delivered in time for the invasion, but were delivered to " Little Norway " near Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There they were used for training Norwegian pilots until
936-767: The MAP (Military Aid Program). The expansion of the Air Force happened at a very rapid pace as the Cold War progressed. Throughout the Cold War the Norwegian Air Force was only one of two NATO air forces— Turkey being the other—with a responsibility for an area with a land border with the Soviet Union , and Norwegian fighter aircraft had on average 500–600 interceptions of Soviet aircraft each year. In 1959,
975-671: The Norwegian F-16's had dropped close to 600 bombs, some 17% of the total bombs dropped at that time. It was Norwegian F-16s that on the night towards 26 April, bombed Gaddafi's headquarter in Tripoli. From September to December 2011, the Air Force contributed personnel and one P-3 Orion to Operation Ocean Shield . Operating from the Seychelles , the aircraft searched for pirates in the Somali Basin. In April 2016
1014-685: The air, shot down by Future Experte Helmut Lent , injuring the sergeant pilot. After the withdrawal of allied forces, the Norwegian Government ceased fighting in Norway and evacuated to the United Kingdom on 10 June 1940. Only aircraft of the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service had the range to fly all the way from their last remaining bases in Northern Norway to the UK. Included amongst the Norwegian aircraft that reached
1053-500: The exiled Norwegian government. In the autumn of 1940, a Norwegian training centre known as "Little Norway" was established next to Toronto Island Airport , Canada. The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF) was established by a royal decree on 1 November 1944, thereby merging the Army and Navy air forces. No. 331 (Norwegian) Squadron defended London from 1941 and was the highest scoring fighter squadron in South England during
1092-612: The invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940. The most important of the US orders were two orders for comparatively modern Curtiss P-36 Hawk monoplane fighters. The first was for 24 Hawk 75A-6 (with 1200 hp Pratt & Whitney R-1830-SC3-G Twin Wasp engines), 19 of which were delivered before the invasion. Of these 19, though, none were operational when the attack came. A number were still in their shipping crates in Oslo harbour, while others stood at
1131-659: The life of a patient, at the hospital in Bodø , was saved when necessary medical equipment was ferried halfway across Norway by an Air Force F-16 jet from Værnes Air Station , in a flight that took 25 minutes. On 29 March 2017, Norway signed a contract for five P-8As, to be delivered between 2022 and 2023. On 3 November 2017, RNoAF took delivery of the first F-35A Lightning II . In March 2021, RNoAF participated in Icelandic Air Policing with four F-35A Lightning II and 130 military personnel. On 6 January 2022,
1170-511: The people's desire for more participatory democracy. The authorities must respect fundamental human rights such as political, economic and social rights. It is now vital that all parties do their utmost to foster peaceful dialogue on reforms". On 19 March 2011, the Norwegian government authorized the Royal Norwegian Air Force for deployment in Libya . Norway approved six F-16 fighters and personnel. The deployment started on 21 March and operated from
1209-531: The southern provinces of Afghanistan. The air detachment is known as the 1st Netherlands-Norwegian European Participating Forces Expeditionary Air Wing (1 NLD/NOR EEAW). In 2011, a detachment of F-16s were sent to enforce the Libyan no-fly zone . In a statement, Foreign Minister Jonas Gahr Støre condemned the violence against "peaceful protesters in Libya, Bahrain and Yemen", saying the protests "are an expression of
Norwegian–British–Swedish Antarctic Expedition - Misplaced Pages Continue
1248-587: The war. Up until 8 May 1945, 335 persons had lost their lives while taking part in the efforts of the RNoAF. After the war the Spitfire remained in service with the RNoAF into the fifties. In 1947, the Surveillance and Control Division acquired its first radar system, and around the same time the RNoAF got its first jet fighters in the form of de Havilland Vampires . In 1949 Norway co-founded NATO , and soon afterwards received American aircraft through
1287-615: Was a Norwegian author and polar researcher. Jónsbú Station in NE Greenland was named after him. He was born in Tromsø in Troms , Norway. He was the son of lawyer John Schjelderup Giæver (1864–1914) and his wife Thyra Høegh (1879–1954). He was the great-great-great-grandson of Jens Holmboe . John Schjelderup Giæver married Oddbjørg Jacobsen in March 1940 and they had
1326-562: Was a member of the Explorer's Club in New York. In 1952, he was awarded the 25th Silver Wolf , the highest commendation of Norwegian Scouting. He died in November 1970 in Oslo . Royal Norwegian Air Force The Royal Norwegian Air Force ( RNoAF ) ( Norwegian : Luftforsvaret , lit. 'The Air Defence') is the air force of Norway . It was established as
1365-531: Was also flown to Britain for testing. For the Norwegian Army Air Service aircraft the only option for escape was Finland, where the planes would be interned but at least not fall into the hands of the Germans. In all two Fokker C.V.s and one de Havilland Tiger Moth made it across the border and onto Finnish airfields just before the capitulation of mainland Norway. All navy and army aircraft that fled to Finland were pressed into service with
1404-929: Was awarded the Maudheim medal in 1952 and the Royal Geographical Society 's Founder's Medal in 1956, both for his leadership in the Norwegian-British-Swedish Antarctic Expedition. He also held the St. Olav's Medal With Oak Branch , the Defence Medal 1940 – 1945 , the Haakon VII 70th Anniversary Medal and Knight first class of the Order of Vasa . He also received the King's Medal of Merit in gold and he
1443-414: Was bought with money donated by the public and piloted by Hans Dons , second in command of Norway's first submarine HNoMS Kobben (A-1). Until 1940 most of the aircraft belonging to the Navy and Army air forces were domestic designs or built under license agreements, the main bomber/scout aircraft of the Army air force being the Dutch-originated Fokker C.V . Before 1944, the Air Force were divided into
1482-406: Was needed because the Norsel was too small to carry all the needed equipment and supplies for the Antarctic expedition. In addition to both ships, two light Auster aircraft intended for reconnaissance were included on the expedition. These were piloted by a five-man RAF team from Britain. The Norsel made three round-trips to the Antarctic, with subsequent visits accompanied by a Norwegian and
1521-791: Was translated into German in 1923. His book Maudheim. To år i Antarktis (1952), describing the Antarctic Expedition was translated into English, French, Dutch, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, German and Croatian. From 1955 on he renewed his literary authorship with numerous books of documentary and partly autobiographical topics, covering Arctic trapping, fishing and warfare. Other books include Ishavets glade borgere (1956); Langt der oppe mot nord (1958), Rabagaster under polarstjernen (1959), Fra min barndoms elv til fjerne veidemarker (1960), Fra Little Norway til Karasjok (1964), Med rev bak øret (1965), Dyretråkk og fugletrekk på 74° nord (1967), Lys og skygger i sjøgata (1969), Den gang jeg drog av sted (1970) and Soldøgn og mørketid (1971). Giæver
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