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44-528: VCIC supports Government of India (GOI)'s strategy to develop industrial corridors of international standards for expanding its manufacturing and services sectors, and creating modern urban centers connected by state-of-the-art infrastructure. GOI has selected the Asian Development Bank (ADB) as the lead partner for developing the ECEC, which will run from Kolkata to Kanyakumari , encompassing

88-636: A business-friendly environment, nodes can serve as hubs geared to cradle industries. Through a node selection process, four industrial nodes were identified: The node-based industrialization strategy targets to achieve regional and global competitiveness . Infrastructure development is one of the most important levers needed to attain this core objective. The focus has been on assessing the current state of infrastructure, both in terms of quantity and quality across categories, and identifying critical capacity gaps and other issues. GoAP in November 2017 introduced

132-407: A highway or railroad, receives "feeder" roads or railways. Concerns when creating corridors include correctly assessing demand and viability, transport options for goods and workers, land values, and economic incentives for companies. Infrastructure corridors generally deliver services such as communications, transport, energy, water, waste management. The development of infrastructure corridors

176-432: A legislative bill pertaining to the development of industrial corridors across the state. The bill established a new Andhra Pradesh Industrial Corridor Development Authority (APICDA) as the nodal body headquartered at the new state capital of Amaravati to implement the industrial corridor projects. The chief minister heads the new authority and the minister for industries minister is its member-secretary. An executive committee

220-411: A petrochemical plant. Additionally, the risk of lung cancer was significantly higher among residents living in industrial complexes than that in the control area even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, occupational exposure, education, and BMI . Other health concerns were found to include a 40% increased risk of acute eye disorder in the industrial area compared with the control area. The prevalence of

264-577: A score of 98.42 per cent, topped the "ease of doing business" ranking among Indian states prepared by the World Bank and the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). In the prior year, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana had jointly topped the same rankings. Parameters for the rankings include construction permit, labor regulation, environmental registration, access to information, land availability, and single window system. DIPP collaborates with

308-437: Is exposed to a multipollutant environment, including high levels of sulfur dioxide , submicrometric particles, and black carbon . Additionally, frequent adverse meteorological conditions in the morning may exacerbate acute and chronic exposition to these pollutants. A study based in five Korean cities found that found that the incidence of lung cancer increased by approximately three times among residents living within 2 km of

352-642: Is known as the Industrial Revolution and took place from the mid-18th to early 19th century. It began in Great Britain, spreading to Belgium, Switzerland, Germany, and France and eventually to other areas in Europe and North America. Characteristics of this early industrialisation were technological progress, a shift from rural work to industrial labour, and financial investments in new industrial structures. Later commentators have called this

396-414: Is less able than the tertiary sector to accommodate both increased productivity and employment opportunities; more than 40% of the world's employees are " working poor ", whose incomes fail to keep themselves and their families above the $ 2-a-day poverty line . There is also a phenomenon of deindustrialisation , as in the former USSR countries' transition to market economies, and the agriculture sector

440-454: Is often a link between rural areas and urban growth. In the 21st century, industrial corridors are often viewed as opportunities for jobs and economic development in a region. Infrastructure can bring enhanced prospects to underdeveloped regions, longer-term economic growth, and international competition. There are infrastructure corridors in both developing world countries such as South Africa and Brazil in addition to advanced countries such as

484-587: Is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society . This involves an extensive reorganisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing . Industrialisation is associated with increase of polluting industries heavily dependent on fossil fuels . With the increasing focus on sustainable development and green industrial policy practices, industrialisation increasingly includes technological leapfrogging , with direct investment in more advanced, cleaner technologies. The reorganisation of

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528-538: Is to be constituted and a commissioner appointed as the nodal officer to manage the APICDA’s activities and oversee its functioning. The authority will look into development of nodes as part of the Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor (VCIC) and Chennai-Bengaluru Industrial Corridor (CBIC). Main functions of the board is to procure, acquire and have landholdings within the node. It will take up

572-541: The Dholera Special Investment Region in Gujarat offer a way forward in reconciling urbanization and industrial development. Most Asian economies – particularly Southeast Asia and East Asia – have grown by trading with their neighbors. By contrast, South Asia still lags behind in trading with its neighbors. In fact, South Asia has remained one of the least economically integrated regions in

616-1058: The economic communities do not consider contemporary industrialisation policies as being adequate to the global south (Third World countries) or beneficial in the longer term, with the perception that they may only create inefficient local industries unable to compete in the free-trade dominated political order which industrialisation has fostered. Environmentalism and Green politics may represent more visceral reactions to industrial growth. Nevertheless, repeated examples in history of apparently successful industrialisation (Britain, Soviet Union, South Korea, China, etc.) may make conventional industrialisation seem like an attractive or even natural path forward, especially as populations grow, consumerist expectations rise and agricultural opportunities diminish. The relationships among economic growth, employment, and poverty reduction are complex, and higher productivity can sometimes lead to static or even lower employment (see jobless recovery ). There are differences across sectors , whereby manufacturing

660-449: The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, GOI. While India has seen a rapid structural transformation and achieved strong economic growth for the past two decades, it must continue to create economic opportunities for its large labor force, which is increasing by about 12 million a year, to sustain economic growth and realize its demographic dividend. One pressing policy challenge is to create more productive and well-paying jobs in

704-539: The First Industrial Revolution. The " Second Industrial Revolution " labels the later changes that came about in the mid-19th century after the refinement of the steam engine , the invention of the internal combustion engine , the harnessing of electricity and the construction of canals, railways, and electric-power lines. The invention of the assembly line gave this phase a boost. Coal mines, steelworks, and textile factories replaced homes as

748-471: The United States and Canada. The increased movement from rural areas to metropolitan areas will advance industrial corridors in population centers. Southeast Chicago has historically been the location for significant and intensive manufacturing in the city, focusing on the production of steel. The Chicago region is the leading rail hub on the continent and has the largest inland intermodal port in

792-518: The United States. The region also has a highly developed highway system, with access to more than ten interstate highways; a Port district and river system that connects to the Great Lakes , Mississippi River , and Atlantic Ocean . With nearly 250 million square feet of industrial space, the City of Chicago's industrial inventory accounts for more than 20 percent of the total industrial inventory in

836-920: The World Bank in conducting an annual reform exercise for all states and union territories under the Business Reform Action Plan. Industrialization and urbanization have generally proceeded together in developing economies. However, many new industrial locations in India failed to have planned urban developments including housing, and as a result, haphazard development has mushroomed around these locations. VCIC aims to synchronize industrialization and urbanization to prevent scattered industrialization and haphazard urban development by providing adequate physical and social infrastructure in urban centers to meet workers’ quality-of-life needs. Model developments such as Sri City in Andhra Pradesh and

880-461: The concept of Social class , i.e., hierarchical social status defined by an individual's economic power. It has changed the family system as most people moved into cities, with extended family living apart becoming more common. The movement into more dense urban areas from less dense agricultural areas has consequently increased the transmission of diseases. The place of women in society has shifted from primary caregivers to breadwinners, thus reducing

924-644: The corridor, attracting particular industries that the corridor provides with geographical advantages, or building and maintaining advanced infrastructure to support industries. The objective of industrial transformation is to increase the manufacturing sectors, improve labor productivity, and enhance international competitiveness. To achieve these objectives, it is necessary to identify the right set of industries for promotion. A detailed analysis identified these industries: pharmaceuticals , auto and auto components , textiles , metallurgy, chemicals and petrochemicals, food processing , and electronics . Besides identifying

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968-403: The east coast, and insufficient container capacities at the ports to handle the volume of trade flowing to East and Southeast Asia. The strategy to develop VCIC is part of the plan to achieve accelerated development and regional industry agglomeration in the focus state. Regional industry agglomeration could be achieved by attracting companies in the value chain of other companies already based in

1012-470: The economy has many unintended consequences both economically and socially. As industrial workers' incomes rise, markets for consumer goods and services of all kinds tend to expand and provide a further stimulus to industrial investment and economic growth . Moreover, family structures tend to shift as extended families tend to no longer live together in one household, location or place. The first transformation from an agricultural to an industrial economy

1056-421: The four states of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Odisha, and West Bengal. Due to its vast scope, ECEC is being implemented in a phased manner, with VCIC as the first phase. The conceptualization and development of VCIC has received major support from ADB, which carried out analytical work determining the kind of infrastructure and institutional investments necessary to drive manufacturing-led growth in consultation with

1100-476: The land acquisition process, financing infrastructure development, and accurately forecasting usage (esp. infrastructure). Additional challenges within a region can include regional instability and geopolitical shifts, isolation of corridor from existing economic activities, topographic challenges, lack of skilled labor, inconsistent quality of work, and high maintenance costs. Industrialisation Industrialisation ( UK ) or industrialization ( US )

1144-598: The manufacturing sector, which contributes about 16% to gross domestic product (GDP) and 12% to employment each year. By comparison, the manufacturing sectors of the People’s Republic of China , Malaysia , Thailand , and Viet Nam account for nearly 25% or more of GDP. VCIC’s long coastline and strategically located ports allow development of multiple international gateways to connect India with global value chains (GVCs) in Southeast and East Asia . VCIC aligns with

1188-724: The most important criticisms of industrialisation is that it caused children to stay away from home for many hours and to use them as cheap workers in factories. Between the early 1960s and 1990s, the Four Asian Tigers underwent rapid industrialisation and maintained exceptionally high growth rates. As of 2018 the international development community ( World Bank , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) , many United Nations departments, FAO WHO ILO and UNESCO , endorses development policies like water purification or primary education and co-operation amongst third world communities . Some members of

1232-833: The most in development corridors (30.8%), with the African Development Bank funding the majority (24.3%) of all projects. Outside of Africa, the regional development banks that invested in the most projects are the Export-Import Bank of China (3.8%), the European Investment Bank (2.8%) and the Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa (1.2% ea.). National governments funded about 29.8% of all projects. Development corridors can widen inequalities between stakeholders who are not party to

1276-451: The national objectives of expanding the domestic market and supports India’s port-led industrialization strategy ( Sagar Mala initiative ). While India’s trade with East and Southeast Asia has increased at a rapid pace in the past decade, the bulk of this trade is done through the ports on the country’s west coast. This is largely due to lack of efficient transport networks linking the production clusters in northern and central India to ports on

1320-555: The number of children per household. Furthermore, industrialisation contributed to increased cases of child labour and thereafter education systems. As the Industrial Revolution was a shift from the agrarian society, people migrated from villages in search of jobs to places where factories were established. This shifting of rural people led to urbanisation and an increase in the population of towns. The concentration of labour in factories has increased urbanisation and

1364-455: The place of work. By the end of the 20th century, East Asia had become one of the most recently industrialised regions of the world. There is considerable literature on the factors facilitating industrial modernisation and enterprise development. The Industrial Revolution was accompanied by significant changes in the social structure, the main change being a transition from farm work to factory-related activities. This has resulted in

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1408-646: The planning process but affected by it. The high financing costs for industrial corridors can also leave an unsustainable burden of debt, particularly for many of the African countries with high debt service costs. Industrial zone development corridors can lead to significant biodiversity loss, habitat fragmentation, pollution, spread invasive species, increase illegal logging, poaching and fires, severely affect river deltas and coastal and marine ecosystems, and consume large volumes of greenhouse gas intensive products such as steel and cement. The population in this region

1452-441: The planning, development, operation, maintenance, management and regulation of industrial corridors in the state. The authority will take up developing master plans in the nodes, facilitate investments. It may also raise funds from market, levy user charges directly or indirectly through any private sector participant. The authority will also have powers to float special purpose vehicles. Beyond investments in physical infrastructure,

1496-451: The region. Chicago's industrial corridors constitute the city's primary resource of space for industrial development and encompass about 12 percent of City land with over 16,935 acres zoned primarily for manufacturing. There are 11 National Industrial Corridors (NIC) and numerous state level industrial corridors. The NIC are as follows: Note, East Coast Economic Corridor is the name for the combination of Coastal India NICs. Some of

1540-450: The regulatory framework needs to be changed to improve the investment climate and provide ease of logistics. This can be done by implementing technology; providing single window clearance; reducing burden of inspections for starting, operating and closing business; as well as easing logistical burden of industries by providing integrated check posts and bringing in uniformity on entry taxes and documentation. In July 2018, Andhra Pradesh, with

1584-516: The right set of industries, connectivity infrastructure, logistics facilities, urban connectivity, and skilled manpower availability emerge as the key success factors from benchmarking globally successful industrial hubs. On the software side, regulations and their implementation mechanisms are critical for realizing the full economic potential of any industrial corridor. Industrial nodes are an integral component of economic corridor development. When equipped with comprehensive infrastructure support and

1628-537: The risks of lung and uterine cancers in the industrial area was statistically significantly higher at 3.45 and 1.88 times, respectively. Challenges with planning and implementing, lack of clarity and consistency of national objectives and standards leads to industrial corridors varying in characteristics between countries and jurisdictions. Moreover, general challenges may include: mixed access to designations, complex and inflexible approval processes, need for robust and integrated decision-making, efficiency and adequacy of

1672-417: The same region. It is expected that the various economic corridors being developed in the region – especially VCIC – will make trade easier by expanding land and maritime routes, and open a floodgate of economic activity. Ultimately, VCIC will be interconnected and evolve into a sub-regional corridor. The establishment of a regional corridor would lead to the reduction of barriers at national boundaries to enable

1716-645: The seamless movement of people and goods at least cost. The ADB approved on 20 September 2016 (i) a $ 500 million multi-tranche financing facility (MFF), and (ii) a $ 125 million policy-based loan (PBL), both to India for the Visakhapatnam–Chennai Industrial Corridor Development Program (VCICDP). The MFF will support priority infrastructure investments in the VCIC, and the PBL will support policy reforms and institutional development in

1760-579: The size of settlements, to serve and house the factory workers. Family structure changes with industrialisation. Sociologist Talcott Parsons noted that in pre-industrial societies there is an extended family structure spanning many generations who probably remained in the same location for generations. In industrialised societies the nuclear family , consisting of only parents and their growing children, predominates. Families and children reaching adulthood are more mobile and tend to relocate to where jobs exist. Extended family bonds become more tenuous. One of

1804-475: The state industrial corridors are: Africa, having long been an underinvested continent is now home to some of the world’s fastest growing economies. The urban population is forecast to grow by over 60% by 2060. Africa was home to 17 percent of the world population in 2020, and is expected to have 26 percent of the global population in 2050. Likewise, Africa's demand for electricity will quadruple from 2010 to 2040. Across Africa, regional development banks invested

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1848-498: The state. Master planning for the identified industrial nodes is currently being undertaken. The master plan for two prioritized nodes was prepared with ADB support and completed in June 2018. The master plan estimates an investment requirement of more than $ 2.8 billion over the next 5 years. ADB further provides support to the state government’s interactions with potential investors and in identifying anchor investors across key sectors in

1892-518: The two nodes. Industrial corridor An industrial corridor is a package of infrastructure spending allocated to a specific geographical area, with the intent to stimulate industrial development. An industrial corridor aims to create an area with a cluster of manufacturing or another industry. Such corridors are often created in areas that have pre-existing infrastructure, such as ports , highways and railroads . These modalities are arranged such that an " arterial " modality, such as

1936-422: The world. In 2015, while intraregional trade of East Asia and ASEAN amounted to $ 2,837 billion and $ 564 billion, respectively, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries traded a merely $ 49 billion worth among each other. SAARC’s trade with other regions has also remained limited. For instance, SAARC exported about $ 177 billion to East Asia, which amounts to only a sixth of ASEAN’s exports to

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