38-530: Te Aka Whai Ora (English: Māori Health Authority ( MHA ) ) was an independent New Zealand government statutory entity tasked with managing Māori health policies, services, and outcomes. The agency was one of four national bodies that oversaw New Zealand's health system since 2022, along with the Ministry of Health , the Public Health Agency , and Te Whatu Ora . They replaced a system in which
76-826: A claim with the Waitangi Tribunal challenging the Government's dissolution plans. In late February 2024, the Government passed urgent legislation disestablishing the Māori Health Authority by 30 June 2024. Te Aka Whai Ora (the Māori Health Authority) is a statutory entity responsible for ensuring that the New Zealand health system meets the needs of Māori. It will work in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Health New Zealand to achieve
114-438: A farewell ceremony at Waitangi to bid the independent Crown entity farewell. The ceremony was also attended by former associate health minister Peeni Henare . The organisation's responsibility for managing Māori health outcomes was reassigned to iwi partnership boards. Many former Te Aka Whai Ora staff returned to the community health sector. Ministry of Health (New Zealand) Too Many Requests If you report this error to
152-465: A general geographic region, or merely gave a waka name. Initiatives like the Iwi Helpline are trying to make it easier for people to identify their iwi , and the proportion who "don't know" dropped relative to previous censuses. Some established pan-tribal organisations may exert influence across iwi divisions. The Rātana Church, for example, operates across iwi divisions, and
190-414: A generally recognised territory ( rohe ), but many of these overlap, sometimes completely. This has added a layer of complication to the long-running discussions and court cases about how to resolve historical Treaty claims. The length of coastline emerged as one factor in the final (2004) legislation to allocate fishing-rights in settlement of claims relating to commercial fisheries. Iwi can become
228-748: A group), Ngāti Poneke (Māori who have migrated to the Wellington region), and Ngāti Rānana (Māori living in London). Ngāti Tūmatauenga ("Tribe of Tūmatauenga ", the god of war) is the official Māori-language name of the New Zealand Army , and Ngā Opango ("Black Tribe") is a Māori-language name for the All Blacks . In the southern dialect of Māori, Ngāti and Ngāi become Kāti and Kāi , terms found in such iwi as Kāti Māmoe and Kāi Tahu (also known as Ngai Tahu). Each iwi has
266-449: A particular hapu may have belonged to different iwi at different times, the tension caused by the social and economic power moving from the iwi down rather than from the hapu up, and the fact that many iwi do not recognise spouses and adoptees who do not have kinship links. In the 2006 census, 16 per cent of the 643,977 people who claimed Māori ancestry did not know their iwi . Another 11 per cent did not state their iwi , or stated only
304-438: A prospective vehicle for ideas and ideals of self-determination and/or tino rangatiratanga . Thus does Te Pāti Māori mention in the preamble of its constitution "the dreams and aspirations of tangata whenua to achieve self-determination for whānau , hapū and iwi within their own land". Some Tūhoe envisage self-determination in specifically iwi -oriented terms. Increasing urbanisation of Māori has led to
342-532: A single Ministry funded services through 20 district health boards (DHBs). Riana Manuel was appointed to be the first Chief Executive, which has been a permanent agency since 1 July 2022. In late November 2023, the incoming National-led coalition government announced plans to abolish Te Aka Whai Ora and return to a single integrated health system. The Government's plans to abolish the agency drew criticism from health professionals and Māori leaders. In mid December 2023, Lady Tureiti Moxon and Janice Kuka filed
380-480: A situation where a significant percentage do not identify with any particular iwi . The following extract from a 2000 High Court of New Zealand judgment discussing the process of settling fishing rights illustrates some of the issues: ... 81 per cent of Maori now live in urban areas, at least one-third live outside their tribal influence, more than one-quarter do not know their iwi or for some reason do not choose to affiliate with it, at least 70 per cent live outside
418-575: Is often translated as " tribe ", or "a confederation of tribes". The word is both singular and plural in the Māori language, and is typically pluralised as such in English. Iwi groups trace their ancestry to the original Polynesian migrants who, according to tradition, arrived from Hawaiki . Some iwi cluster into larger groupings that are based on whakapapa (genealogical tradition) and known as waka (literally ' canoes ' , with reference to
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#1732791457148456-728: The Māori King Movement , though principally congregated around Waikato / Tainui , aims to transcend some iwi functions in a wider grouping. Many iwi operate or are affiliated with media organisations. Most of these belong to Te Whakaruruhau o Nga Reo Irirangi Māori (the National Māori Radio Network), a group of radio stations which receive contestable Government funding from Te Māngai Pāho (the Māori Broadcast Funding Agency) to operate on behalf of iwi and hapū . Under their funding agreement,
494-533: The New Zealand Medical Students' Association submitted a letter criticising the proposed dissolution and urging Prime Minister Christopher Luxon , Reti, and Māori-Crown Relations Minister Tama Potaka "to demonstrate their commitment to Māori health leadership." On 14 December 2023, Lady Tureiti Moxon and Janice Kuka filed a claim at the Waitangi Tribunal , challenging the Government's plans to dissolve Te Aka Whai Ora. They claimed that
532-496: The original migration voyages ). These super-groupings are generally symbolic rather than logistical. In pre-European times, most Māori were allied to relatively small groups in the form of hapū ( ' sub-tribes ' ) and whānau ( ' family ' ). Each iwi contains a number of hapū ; among the hapū of the Ngāti Whātua iwi, for example, are Te Uri-o-Hau , Te Roroa , Te Taoū , and Ngāti Whātua-o-Ōrākei . Māori use
570-413: The 2023 election campaign. On 15 December, Waatea News reported that Te Aka Whai Ora's chief executive Riana Manuel had met several times with Health Minister Reti and Associate Health Minister Matt Doocey . While Reti confirmed that the Government would proceed with its plans to dissolve the organisation, he reaffirmed the Government's commitment to continue working with iwi-Māori partnership boards on
608-531: The Government's decision to pass legislation dissolving the Māori Health Authority prior to the scheduled Waitangi Tribunal hearing on 29 February as disrespectful. In response, Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and Dr Reti said that the agency's dissolution was part of the National-led government's 100-day plan. Luxon stated "we’ve campaigned on it. The New Zealand people supported it." On 15 May, several Māori health providers including Te Puna Ora o Mataatua,
646-584: The Government's plans to dissolve the agency constituted a breach of the Treaty of Waitangi . On 18 December, the Government filed a memorandum of counsel opposing Moxon and Kuka's claim. The Government conceded that it had no alternative plan to address poor Māori health outcomes and that it had not consulted Māori according to the principles of the Treaty. The Government also conceded its plans to dissolve Te Aka Whai Ora had been motivated by political expediency during
684-480: The Māori Health Authority as a new Crown entity. The bill passed its third reading on 7 June 2022. On 1 July 2022, the MHA formally came into existence as a new entity. The MHA's interim chief executive Riana Manuel stated that the new organisation would work alongside Health NZ. While it would have its own commissioning powers and work with Māori health providers, Manuel clarified that the MHA would also have oversight over
722-480: The New Zealand Government allocated NZ$ 22 million from the 2021 New Zealand budget to the commissioning of the interim Māori Health Authority. On 19 May 2022, the government allocated a record sum of $ 13.2 billion from the 2022 New Zealand budget to facilitate the establishment of both the MHA and Health NZ over the next four years; with $ 11.1 billion being allocated to cover cost pressures from
760-598: The Ngāti Hine Health Trust, Te Kohao Health and Papakura Marae challenged the Government's decision to abolish Te Aka Whai Ora in the High Court , alleging breaches of the Treaty of Waitangi and the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990 . On 1 July 2024, several former Te Aka Whai Ora board members and senior executives including chair Tipa Mahuta and founding chief executive Riana Manuel gathered for
798-589: The Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 259004728 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 10:57:37 GMT Iwi Iwi ( Māori pronunciation: [ˈiwi] ) are the largest social units in New Zealand Māori society . In Māori , iwi roughly means ' people ' or ' nation ' , and
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#1732791457148836-549: The allied New Zealand First leader Winston Peters had advocated abolishing Te Aka Whai Ora in order to eliminate "separatism." The Health Minister Shane Reti also confirmed that the Government would disestablish the MHA and return to a single integrated health system. To dissolve the agency, Cabinet must first approve of the dissolution and Parliament has to repeal Section 17 of the Pae Ora (Health Futures) Act 2022. The National-led government's plans to abolish Te Aka Whai Ora
874-565: The bones" — literally to the burial-areas of the ancestors . Māori author Keri Hulme 's novel The Bone People (1985) has a title linked directly to the dual meaning of bone and "tribal people". Many iwi names begin with Ngāti or with Ngāi (from ngā āti and ngā ai respectively, both meaning roughly ' the offspring of ' ). Ngāti has become a productive morpheme in New Zealand English to refer to groups of people: examples are Ngāti Pākehā ( Pākehā as
912-522: The country's district health boards, and the Public Health Authority , to centralise public health work. The proposed Māori Health Authority was criticised by the opposition National Party health spokesperson Shane Reti , who claimed that it would create a "two-tier system" based on race. Similar sentiments were echoed by National Party leader Judith Collins , who likened it to racial segregation and called for public consultation on
950-412: The entire health system to ensure equity for Māori. Māori health practitioners Danny De Lore and Reweti Ropiha expressed hope that the new entity would improve Māori health outcomes and combat inequity within the health system. In March 2023, a review of Te Aka Whai Ora identified several issues facing the organisation including recruitment, an underspent budget, and planning issues. On 24 November 2023,
988-485: The following stated goals: The MHA worked alongside Health New Zealand to create and develop kaupapa Māori services and policies. On 21 April 2021, Minister of Health Andrew Little announced plans to create the Māori Health Authority, which would be responsible for setting Māori health policies and overseeing the provision of Māori health services. In addition, Little announced that the government would create two other public health bodies: Health New Zealand, to replace
1026-681: The government announced the interim board members of the Māori Health Authority. The organisation will be headed by co-chairs Sharon Shea (chair of the Bay of Plenty District Health Board ) and Tipa Mahuta (Deputy Chair of the Counties Manukau District Health Board ). Other board members consist of medical specialist and University of Otago Professor Dr Sue Crengle , Dr Mataroria Lyndon, Lady Tureiti Moxon , Fiona Pimm, Awerangi Tamihere, and Dr Chris Tooley (Chief Executive of Te Puna Ora o Mataatua). On 15 March 2022,
1064-506: The growing New Zealand Māori population tried to keep a connection to their culture, family history, spirituality, community, language and iwi . The Victoria University of Wellington Te Reo Māori Society campaigned for Māori radio, helping to set up Te Reo o Poneke, the first Māori-owned radio operation, using airtime on Wellington student-radio station Radio Active in 1983. Twenty-one iwi radio stations were set up between 1989 and 1994, receiving Government funding in accordance with
1102-617: The health needs of the Māori community including mental health. In early February, 700 doctors signed a letter petitioning the Heath Minister Reti protesting the Government's plans to dissolve Te Aka Whai Ora and seeking information on how the Government planned to prioritise Māori health outcomes. Urgent legislation to disestablish Te Aka Whai Ora by 30 June 2024 was introduced into Parliament by Dr Reti on 27 February and passed on 28 February 2024. The governing National, ACT and NZ First parties supported its disestablishment while
1140-574: The incoming National-led coalition government pledged to disestablish Te Aka Whai Ora in its coalition agreement. During campaigning leading up to the 2023 New Zealand general election , the National Party had campaigned on replacing it with a Māori directorate within the Ministry of Health. The allied ACT Party leader David Seymour had also earlier denounced the MHA as an example of racial discrimination and argued that services ought to be provided based on need rather than ethnicity. Similarly,
1178-454: The matter. Her remarks were described by Māori Party co-leader Debbie Ngarewa-Packer as "desperate racist politicking." Ngarewa-Packer also urged Collins to read National's own 2020 election review which advocated making Māori a "priority area". In addition, Associate Health Minister Ayesha Verrall stated that the proposed Māori Health Authority could ensure Māori input in funding and improving Māori health outcomes. In mid September 2021,
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1216-548: The opposition Labour, Green parties and Te Pāti Māori opposed it. Its functions and staff will be absorbed into the Ministry of Health and Te Whatu Ora . The Government's disestablishment of Te Aka Whai Ora was criticised by several individuals and groups including University of Waikato academic and general practitioner Dr Rawiri Keenan, Māori health advocacy group Hāpaii Te Hauora, the Iwi Chairs Forum and former Te Whatu Ora chair Rob Campbell . Lady Moxon described
1254-478: The previous DHB system and $ 2.1 billion to setting up the two new public health entities. In addition, the government allocated $ 188 million for the Māori Health Authority to commission services and develop partnerships with iwi (Māori tribes). In October 2021, the government introduced the Pae Ora (Healthy Futures) Bill to formally entrench its proposed health reforms. These reforms included formally establishing
1292-483: The stations must produce programmes in the local Māori language and actively promote local Māori culture. A two-year Massey University survey of 30,000 people published in 2003 indicated 50 per cent of Māori in National Māori Radio Network broadcast areas listened to an iwi station. An Auckland University of Technology study in 2009 suggested the audience of iwi radio stations would increase as
1330-408: The traditional tribal territory and these will have difficulties, which in many cases will be severe, in both relating to their tribal heritage and in accessing benefits from the settlement. It is also said that many Maori reject tribal affiliation because of a working-class unemployed attitude, defiance and frustration. Related but less important factors, are that a hapu may belong to more than one iwi,
1368-591: The tribe has collective assets under management of $ 1.85 billion. Iwi affairs can have a real impact on New Zealand politics and society. A 2004 attempt by some iwi to test in court their ownership of the seabed and foreshore areas polarised public opinion (see New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy ). In Māori and in many other Polynesian languages , iwi literally means ' bone ' derived from Proto-Oceanic * suRi ₁ meaning ' thorn, splinter, fish bone ' . Māori may refer to returning home after travelling or living elsewhere as "going back to
1406-419: The word rohe to describe the territory or boundaries of iwi. In modern-day New Zealand , iwi can exercise significant political power in the management of land and of other assets. For example, the 1997 Treaty of Waitangi settlement between the New Zealand Government and Ngāi Tahu , compensated that iwi for various losses of the rights guaranteed under the Treaty of Waitangi of 1840. As of 2019
1444-501: Was criticised by several health professionals and advocates including anti-smoking advocate Teresa Butler, University of Otago Māori health professor Sue Crengle, Health Coalition New Zealand board member Grant Berghan, and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians 's (RACP) President Dr Stephen Inns. They argued that abolishing the organisation would have an adverse impact on Māori health outcomes. In addition,
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