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40-623: Chūō Kōron ( 中央公論 , Central Review ) is a monthly Japanese literary magazine ( sōgō-zasshi ( 総合雑誌 , literally general magazine ) ), first established during the Meiji period and continuing to this day. It is published by its namesake-bearing Chūōkōron Shinsha (formerly Chūōkōron-sha). The headquarters is in Tokyo. Chūō Kōron publishes a wide variety of material, including novels, photographs and reports based on various philosophical, economic, political, cultural and social topics. The magazine

80-538: A profound influence on several Japanese intellectuals. The noted author Ryōtarō Shiba once stated that the magazine's history corresponded to the history of modern Japan itself. There have been numerous famous contributors to the magazine, including Princess Takamatsu , Tama Morita , Jun'ichirō Tanizaki , Tōson Shimazaki , Shōfu Muramatsu , his grandson Tomomi Muramatsu , Yaeko Nogami , Tomoyoshi Murayama , Motojirō Kajii , Sakuzō Yoshino , Nanami Shiono , Shichirō Fukazawa , and Masao Horino . In 1960, Chūō Kōron

120-787: Is a Japanese newspaper published in Tokyo , Osaka , Fukuoka , and other major Japanese cities. It is one of the five major newspapers in Japan ; the other four are The Asahi Shimbun , the Chunichi Shimbun , the Mainichi Shimbun , and the Nihon Keizai Shimbun . It is headquartered in Otemachi , Chiyoda, Tokyo . It is a newspaper that represents Tokyo and generally has a conservative orientation. It

160-523: Is one of Japan's leading newspapers, along with the Osaka-based liberal ( Third Way ) Asahi Shimbun and the Nagoya-based social democratic Chunichi Shimbun . This newspaper is well known for its pro-American stance among major Japanese media. It is published by regional bureaus, all of them subsidiaries of The Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings , Japan's largest media conglomerate by revenue and

200-938: The Edinburgh Review in 1802. Other British reviews of this period included the Westminster Review (1824), The Spectator (1828), and Athenaeum (1828). In the United States, early journals included the Philadelphia Literary Magazine (1803–1808), the Monthly Anthology (1803–11), which became the North American Review , the Yale Review (founded in 1819), The Yankee (1828–1829) The Knickerbocker (1833–1865), Dial (1840–44) and

240-539: The Yale Review (founded in 1819) did not; thus the Yale journal is the oldest literary magazine in continuous publication. Begun in 1889, Poet Lore is considered the oldest journal dedicated to poetry. By the end of the century, literary magazines had become an important feature of intellectual life in many parts of the world. One of the most notable 19th century literary magazines of the Arabic-speaking world

280-461: The Asian Women's Fund , set up to compensate for wartime abuses, as a failure based on a misunderstanding of history. The New York Times reported on similar statements previously, writing that "The nation's (Japan's) largest newspaper, Yomiuri Shimbun, applauded the revisions" regarding removing the word "forcibly" from referring to laborers brought to Japan in the pre-war period and revising

320-628: The Chubu Electric Power Company to shut down several of its Hamaoka Nuclear Power Plants due to safety concerns, the Yomiuri called the request "abrupt" and a difficult situation for Chubu Electric's shareholders. It wrote that Kan "should seriously reflect on the way he made his request." It then followed up with an article wondering how dangerous Hamaoka really was and called Kan's request "a political judgment that went beyond technological worthiness." The next day damage to

360-782: The Chuokoron-Shinsha publishing company, which it acquired in 1999, and the Nippon Television network. It is a member of the Asia News Network . The paper is known as the de facto financial patron of the baseball team Yomiuri Giants . They also sponsor the Japan Fantasy Novel Award annually. It has been a sponsor of the FIFA Club World Cup every time it has been held in Japan since 2006 . From 1949 through 1963,

400-761: The National Endowment for the Arts , which created a committee to distribute support money for this burgeoning group of publishers called the Coordinating Council of Literary Magazines (CCLM). This organisation evolved into the Council of Literary Magazines and Presses (CLMP). Many prestigious awards exist for works published in literary magazines including the Pushcart Prize and the O. Henry Awards . Literary magazines also provide many of

440-624: The Yomiuri Giants . The emphasis of the paper shifted to broad news coverage aimed at readers in the Tokyo area. By 1941 it had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the Tokyo area. In 1942, under wartime conditions, it merged with the Hochi Shimbun and became known as the Yomiuri-Hochi . The Yomiuri was the center of a labor scandal in 1945 and 1946. In October 1945, a post-war "democratization group" called for

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480-540: The Yomiuri Shimbun is credited with having the largest newspaper circulation in the world as of 2019, having a morning circulation of 7.0 million as of June 2021. The paper is printed twice a day and in several different local editions. The Yomiuri Shimbun established the Yomiuri Prize in 1949. Its winners have included Yukio Mishima and Haruki Murakami . The Yomiuri was launched in 1874 by

520-501: The comfort women controversy. Yomiuri editorials have also opposed the DPJ government and denounced denuclearization as "not a viable option". Yomiuri also publishes The Japan News (formerly called The Daily Yomiuri ), one of Japan's largest English-language newspapers. It publishes the daily Hochi Shimbun , a sport -specific daily newspaper, as well as weekly and monthly magazines and books . Yomiuri Shimbun Holdings owns

560-421: The " Shimanaka Incident ." Shimanaka was deeply shaken by the attack on his household and issued a statement of remorse in which he repudiated Fukazawa's story as “unsuitable for print" and offered his "deepest apologies" for “having disturbed society to the point of causing violent incidents." Thereafter, Shimanaka forced the magazine's editor-in-chief to resign, and negotiated a deal with right-wing groups to end

600-1083: The Arts, and New Ideas , which began publication in 1951 in England, the Paris Review , which was founded in 1953, The Massachusetts Review and Poetry Northwest , which were founded in 1959, X Magazine , which ran from 1959 to 1962, and the Denver Quarterly , which began in 1965. The 1970s saw another surge in the number of literary magazines, with a number of distinguished journals getting their start during this decade, including Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art , Ploughshares , The Iowa Review , Granta , Agni , The Missouri Review , and New England Review . Other highly regarded print magazines of recent years include The Threepenny Review , The Georgia Review , Ascent , Shenandoah , The Greensboro Review , ZYZZYVA , Glimmer Train , Tin House , Half Mystic Journal ,

640-659: The CIA as an informant. In February 2009, the Yomiuri entered into a tie-up with The Wall Street Journal for editing, printing and distribution. Since March 2009 the major news headlines of the Journal' s Asian edition have been summarized in Japanese in the evening edition of the Yomiuri . The Yomiuri features an advice column, Jinsei Annai . The Yomiuri has a history of promoting nuclear power in Japan. In May 2011, when Naoto Kan , then Prime Minister of Japan, asked

680-518: The Canadian magazine Brick , the Australian magazine HEAT , and Zoetrope: All-Story . Some short fiction writers, such as Steve Almond , Jacob M. Appel and Stephen Dixon have built national reputations in the United States primarily through publication in literary magazines. The Committee of Small Magazine Editors and Publishers (COSMEP) was founded by Richard Morris in 1968. It

720-492: The Imperial family. From 1985 to 1988 Motohiro Kondo served as the editor-in-chief of the magazine. In 1994, Shimanaka resigned as president of Chūō Kōron after 45 years, succeeded by his eldest son Yukio, and became chairman of the board of directors. However two years later, in 1996, he fired Yukio and for a time the company had no president. When Shimanaka died on April 3, 1997, it was discovered that he had co-mingled

760-711: The New Orleans–based De Bow's Review (1846–80). Several prominent literary magazines were published in Charleston, South Carolina , including The Southern Review (1828–32) and Russell's Magazine (1857–60). The most prominent Canadian literary magazine of the 19th century was the Montreal-based Literary Garland . The North American Review , founded in 1815, is the oldest American literary magazine. However, it had its publication suspended during World War II, and

800-503: The Nisshusha newspaper company as a small daily newspaper. Throughout the 1880s and 1890s the paper came to be known as a literary arts publication with its regular inclusion of work by writers such as Ozaki Kōyō . In 1924, Shoriki Matsutaro took over management of the company. His innovations included improved news coverage, a full-page radio program guide, and the establishment of Japan's first professional baseball team, now known as

840-465: The attacks on Chūō Kōron in exchange for a promise to adopt a more "neutral" editorial policy. The Shimanaka incident has been cited by scholars as helping to cement in place the so-called Chrysanthemum Taboo (菊タブー, kiku tabū , named after the Imperial family's chrysanthemum crest) in postwar Japan that informally but powerfully forbids literary or artistic expression directly featuring the Emperor or

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880-557: The circulation of Chūō Kōron was 40,975 copies. Literary magazine Nouvelles de la république des lettres is regarded as the first literary magazine; it was established by Pierre Bayle in France in 1684. Literary magazines became common in the early part of the 19th century, mirroring an overall rise in the number of books, magazines, and scholarly journals being published at that time. In Great Britain , critics Francis Jeffrey , Henry Brougham and Sydney Smith founded

920-536: The company's finances with his own, leaving behind a massive debt of 15 billion yen. Shimanaka's wife Masako became chairman and president, but was not able to resolve the company's financial crisis. In 1999, Chūōkōron-sha and all of its assets were bought out by the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper company. Thereafter, the magazine's tone and content took a decidedly more politically conservative direction, in line with Yomiuri 's broader editorial stance. As of 2006

960-596: The evolution of independent literary journals. There are thousands of other online literary publications and it is difficult to judge the quality and overall impact of this relatively new publishing medium. Little magazines, or "small magazines", are literary magazines that often publish experimental literature and the non-conformist writings of relatively unknown writers. Typically they had small readership, were financially uncertain or non-commercial, were irregularly published and showcased artistic innovation. Yomiuri Shimbun The Yomiuri Shimbun ( 讀賣新聞/読売新聞 )

1000-424: The first time a newspaper made it possible to search digitalized images of newspaper pictures and articles as they appeared in print. Subsequent CD-ROMs, "The Taishō Era ", "The pre-war Showa Era I", and "The pre-war Showa era II" were completed eight years after the project was first conceived. "Postwar Recovery", the first part of a postwar Shōwa Era series that includes newspaper stories and images until 1960,

1040-534: The magazine were arrested in the Yokohama incident . In 1944 the magazine was closed down due to its anti-war sentiments but publication resumed in 1946. In 1949, ownership and control of the magazine passed to his son, Hōji Shimanaka , who would serve as its president for the next 45 years. Under the Shimanakas, Chūō Kōron became one of Japan's foremost general-interest magazines, and has been cited as having

1080-566: The most influential—though radically different—journals of the last half of the 20th century were The Kenyon Review ( KR ) and the Partisan Review . The Kenyon Review , edited by John Crowe Ransom , espoused the so-called New Criticism . Its platform was avowedly unpolitical. Although Ransom came from the South and published authors from that region, KR also published many New York–based and international authors. The Partisan Review

1120-519: The newspaper apologized after using the phrase "sex slave" to refer to comfort women , following its criticism of the Asahi Shimbun ' s coverage of Japan's World War II comfort women system. The Yomiuri newspaper said in an editorial in 2011 "No written material supporting the claim that government and military authorities were involved in the forcible and systematic recruitment of comfort women has been discovered", and that it regarded

1160-541: The newspaper sponsored the Yomiuri Indépendant Exhibition , an unjuried annual art exhibition which gave rise to avant-garde and contemporary rising artists. In November 1999, the Yomiuri Shimbun released a CD-ROM titled "The Yomiuri Shimbun in the Meiji Era ," which provided searchable archives of news articles and images from the period that have been digitalized from microfilm. This was

1200-1020: The pieces in The Best American Short Stories and The Best American Essays annual volumes. SwiftCurrent , created in 1984, was the first online literary magazine. It functioned as more of a database of literary works than a literary publication. In 1995, the Mississippi Review was the first large literary magazine to launch a fully online issue. By 1998, Fence and Timothy McSweeney's Quarterly Concern were published and quickly gained an audience. Around 1996, literary magazines began to appear more regularly online. At first, some writers and readers dismissed online literary magazines as not equal in quality or prestige to their print counterparts, while others said that these were not properly magazines and were instead ezines . Since then, though, many writers and readers have accepted online literary magazines as another step in

1240-503: The pipes inside the condenser was discovered at one of the plants following a leak of seawater into the reactor. In 2012, the paper reported that Nobutaka Tsutsui , the Minister for Agriculture, had divulged secret information to a Chinese enterprise. Tsutsui sued the Yomiuri Shimbun for libel and was awarded 3.3 million yen in damages in 2015, on the basis that the truth of the allegations could not be confirmed. In November 2014,

Chūō Kōron - Misplaced Pages Continue

1280-411: The removal of Shoriki Matsutaro, who had supported Imperial Japan's policies during World War II. When Shoriki responded by firing five of the leading members of this group, the writers and editors launched the first "production control" strike on 27 October 1945. This method of striking became an important union tactic in the coal, railroad, and other industries during the postwar period. Shoriki Matsutaro

1320-495: The second largest media conglomerate by size behind Sony , which is privately held by law and wholly owned by present and former employees and members of the Matsutarō Shōriki family. The Holdings has been part-owned by the family since Matsutarō Shōriki's purchase of the newspaper in 1924 (currently owning a total of 45.26% stock); despite its control, the family is not involved in its executive operations. Founded in 1874,

1360-919: Was Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa . Among the literary magazines that began in the early part of the 20th century is Poetry magazine. Founded in 1912, it published T. S. Eliot 's first poem, " The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock ". Another was The Bellman , which began publishing in 1906 and ended in 1919, was edited by William Crowell Edgar and was based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Other important early-20th century literary magazines include The Times Literary Supplement (1902), Southwest Review (1915), Virginia Quarterly Review (1925), World Literature Today (founded in 1927 as Books Abroad before assuming its present name in 1977), Southern Review (1935), and New Letters (1935). The Sewanee Review , although founded in 1892, achieved prominence largely thanks to Allen Tate , who became editor in 1944. Two of

1400-414: Was an attempt to organize the energy of the small presses. Len Fulton, editor and founder of Dustbook Publishing, assembled and published the first real list of these small magazines and their editors in the mid-1970s. This made it possible for poets to pick and choose the publications most amenable to their work and the vitality of these independent publishers was recognized by the larger community, including

1440-481: Was arrested in December 1945 as a Class-A war criminal and sent to Sugamo Prison . The Yomiuri' s employees continued to produce the paper without heeding executive orders until a police raid on June 21, 1946. The charges against Shoriki were dropped and he was released in 1948. According to research by Professor Tetsuo Arima of Waseda University on declassified documents stored at NARA , he agreed to work with

1480-471: Was at the center of a major controversy that shaped the future of freedom of expression in Japan. The magazine's November 1960 issue featured a satirical story by Shichirō Fukazawa featuring a dream sequence in which the Emperor and Empress were beheaded with a guillotine. Japanese right-wing ultranationalist groups were outraged and mounted a long series of protests and attacks aimed at Chūō Kōron in an attempt to force an apology. An initial attempt at apology

1520-462: Was deemed too perfunctory by the rightists, and on the evening of February 1, 1961, a 17-year-old rightist named Kazutaka Komori invaded Chūō Kōron publisher Shimanaka Hōji's home in Shinjuku , Tokyo in an apparent assassination attempt. Shimanaka was away from home at the time, but his housekeeper was stabbed to death and his wife was seriously injured, in a terroristic attack that became known as

1560-613: Was first associated with the American Communist Party and the John Reed Club ; however, it soon broke ranks with the party. Nevertheless, politics remained central to its character, while it also published significant literature and criticism. The middle-20th century saw a boom in the number of literary magazines, which corresponded with the rise of the small press . Among the important journals which began in this period were Nimbus: A Magazine of Literature,

1600-638: Was first published in January 1887 under the title Hanseikai Zasshi ( 反省会雑誌 ) in Kyoto by the Hanseikai ( 反省会 , Review society ) , a literary group of professors and students of Ryukoku University . In 1899, the magazine changed its name to Chūō Kōron . In the 1920s, journalist Yūsaku Shimanaka rose to become editor-in-chief and later owner of Chūō Kōron. During the World War II editors of

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