57-458: The Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway is a high-speed railway line. It was built in stages and completed on 28 December 2016. It is part of the CRH 's system of passenger-dedicated lines, beginning in Shanghai and ending in Kunming , the capital of Yunnan Province. Following a fairly similar route to the older "conventional" Shanghai–Kunming Railway , the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway passes through four more provincial capitals,
114-480: A 3-digit route number. 6001–6198 are used for the trains that run in more than one railway bureau, while 7001–7598 will be used for the trains that run in only one railway bureau. The commuter train is usually runs for railway staff to commute or consult their doctor, but also takes their children to school and brings them back in some areas. Generally tickets for such a kind of train are not available for passengers. Route identifiers for commuter trains are 4 digits with
171-554: A few other nighttime D trains go to more remote destinations, such as the services between Shanghai and Beijing. This series has become available after August 1, 2008 with the opening of Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Rail . It represents the EMU trains within a metropolitan region, and mainly running within one railway bureau. The top speed is 350 km/h (e.g. Beijing-Tianjin) but most operate from 200 to 160 km/h. C1–C1998 for
228-600: A high-speed rail system to meet the needs of China's railway development resulted in the Ministry of Science and Ministry of Railways signing the "independent innovation of Chinese high-speed train cooperation agreement Joint Action Plan" on February 26, 2008. Academicians and researchers from CAS , Tsinghua University , Zhejiang University , Southwest Jiaotong University , and Beijing Jiaotong University have committed to working together on basic research into improving China's scientific and industrial resources into developing
285-624: A high-speed train system. Under the agreement, China's joint action plan for improvement of train service and infrastructure has four components: The Chinese Ministry of Science has invested nearly 10 billion yuan in this science and technology plan, which is by far the largest investment program. The project has brought together a total of 25 universities, 11 research institutes, and national laboratories, and 51 engineering research centers. The Ministry of Science hopes to develop basic research sufficient to produce key technologies necessary to develop trains capable of 500 km/h (310 mph) through
342-710: A key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software, and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well. By 2010, the track system as a whole is predominantly Chinese. China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these trains, re-designed in China to allow the trains to run at higher speeds than the foreign designs allowed. However, these patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. The weakness on intellectual property of Hexie Hao causes obstruction for China to export its high-speed rail related product, which leads to
399-422: A range of 7601–8998. The "L" trains are temporary — they are not listed in the official train schedule, but are added when necessary. Many of these trains only operate at peak passenger travel season such as during the spring festival travel season . In addition, many new train services are originally added as L-series before train schedules are readjusted and later become regular services. L1–L6998 are used for
456-459: A top testing speed more than 380 km/h. However, in practical terms, issues such as maintenance costs, comfort, and safety make the maximum speed of more than 380 km/h impractical and remain limiting factors. Based on data published by Sinolink Securities; some small changes were made according to the most recent news. Annual HSR ridership is highest in the world and has ramped up very quickly, as self-reported by rail authorities. China
513-612: Is also the fastest train in the world. During testing it also reached 486.1 km/h (302.0 mph). Depending on their speed, there are 3 categories of high speed trains, G, D and C (G and some C being the fastest at 350 km/h, D having a speed of 250 km/h and C having a speed of 200 km/h). High-speed rail services were first introduced in 2007 operating with CRH rolling stock. Those run on existing lines that have been upgraded to speeds of up to 250 km/h (160 mph) and on newer dedicated high-speed track rated up to 350 km/h (220 mph). China will continue to operate
570-654: Is completely banned, with some smoke detectors connected to the brakes to stop the train, causing errant smokers facing hefty fines and penalties. On the Guangzhou–Kowloon cross-border train smoking is only permitted in the cafe car. Since July 12, 2011, the e-ticket system has been firstly adopted on Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway . Since December 23, 2011, all tickets can be bought at the official ticket website (12306.cn) except for trains due to depart in less than two hours. Debit card and credit cards with
627-572: Is fully embedded in Shanghai Metro lines therefore tickets are not available on CR's website; while the other two offers more conventional service. Types by 2004: (km/h) Types during 2004 – 2009: 特快旅客列车 tekuai lüke lieche 快速旅客列车 kuaisu lüke lieche 普通旅客列车 putong lüke lieche As the Rule of The Edit and Management of Train Timetable , a rule issued by Ministry of Railway,
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#1732786755046684-575: Is often the preferred choice for rural workers to visit their home villages because of low ticket price. This is the slowest type of train and has the lowest priority in the Fixed Train Timetable ( 图定列车 ). The top speed is 100 km/h. These trains are often the only available transportation in rural area lacking highway infrastructures, but is gradually being phased out in favour of faster trains. Route identifiers for general trains are always 4 digits—a numeric prefix from 6-7 followed by
741-531: Is operated by the China Railway Corporation (CR). The Spring Festival Travel Season is the peak railway travel season of the year. Every train route has an identification number of two to five characters arranged by the Ministry of Railways. The first character can be alphabetic or numeric, while the second to fifth characters are all numeric. Trains are classified as either up (even-numbered) trains or down (odd-numbered) trains. Since
798-507: Is the third country, after Japan and France, to have one billion cumulative HSR passengers. Ridership in 2018 is above 2 billion per year . Nevertheless, a breakdown for lines and services is not available, system ridership may be overestimated given transfer connections within the system may be counted as new passengers each time. Before the introduction of foreign technology, China conducted independent attempts to domestically develop high-speed rail technology. Some notable results included
855-551: Is used for the trains that run in more than one railway bureau 's territory, while G6001–G9998 is used for the trains that run in only one railway bureau's territory. G trains never run overnight and thus have no sleeper car. This series has become available after the sixth rise in speed of the railway on April 18, 2007. The top speed will be up to 250–200 km/h but are limited to 250 km/h operationally. These trains are powered using CRH series electric multiple units (EMUs) named "Harmony" (Chinese:和谐号, Hexiehao). D1–D3998 for
912-479: Is usually hard seat carriages only, and not permitted in soft seat or sleeper carriages. On High-Speed trains, fewer standing tickets are available and limited to entry vestibules and cafe cars. At stations or from on-board vendors, small folding seats are often sold to allow these passengers to sit in the aisles. The fares are different between trains with or without air-conditioning. The majority of train tickets in China are thermally printed paper tickets displaying
969-536: The China Star , but domestic Chinese companies lacked the technology and expertise of foreign companies, and the research process consumed a large amount of time. In 2004, the Chinese State Council and the Ministry of Railways defined a modern railway technology and equipment policy as "the introduction of advanced technology, the joint design and production, to build China brand". The realization of
1026-471: The China UnionPay icon, Alipay , and WeChat Pay are accepted. Identification of one of the following types is required: Applicable only to holders of a second-generation ID card : In lieu of the traditional paper ticket, passengers may swipe their cards to pass through automatic entry and exit gates at stations on the following routes: Passengers checking in with their ID card may request
1083-509: The Huhanrong PDL from Nanjing to Wuhan. With the schedule change planned for December 21, 2012, some of these trainsets will be re-purposed to also provide overnight high-speed service between Shanghai and Xi'an North . In the 2014, Chunyun season, overnight HSR trains first ran on Beijing-Guangzhou (Jingguang) and other lines. In November 2016, CRRC Changchun unveiled CRH5E bullet train carriages with sleeper berths. Made in
1140-466: The Yangtze Valley as well, providing overnight service from Wuhan to Shanghai , Hangzhou , Ningbo and Shenzhen . This series of trains have a limited number of stops along their routes, only in major cities, or in some instances stops for switching the driver or locomotive. The top speed is 140 km/h. T1–T4998 for the trains running through two or more railway bureaus, T5001–T9998 for
1197-691: The "863 Project" and "973 Project". On July 27, 2009, Chinese Ministry deputy chief engineer Zhang Shuguang stated that the United States , Saudi Arabia and Brazil are interested in Chinese high-speed railway technology. On July 28, the Federal Railroad Administration and the US government are negotiating on the introduction of Chinese railway technology. On October 14, 2009, Prime minister of Russia Vladimir Putin and
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#17327867550461254-468: The 1970s; high-speed rolling stock development is still in its infancy stage. And that if using only their own resources and expertise, the country might need a decade or longer to catch up with developed nations. On April 9, 2004, the Chinese government held a conference on modern railway equipment and rolling stock, in which they drafted the current Chinese plan to modernize the country's railway infrastructure with advanced technologies. On June 17, 2004,
1311-494: The CRH brand including Hexie CRH1 / 2A / 5 that are designed to have a maximum speed of 250 km/h (160 mph), and CRH2C / 3 have a maximum speed of 350 km/h (220 mph). The indigenous designed CRH380A have a maximum test speed of 416.6 km/h (258.9 mph) with commercial operation speed of 350 km/h. The fastest train set, CRH380BL, attained a maximum test speed of 487.3 km/h (302.8 mph). In 2017,
1368-730: The CRRC factory in Changchun and nicknamed Panda , they are capable of running at 250 km/h, operate at -40 degrees Celsius , have Wi-Fi hubs and contain sleeper berths that fold into seats during the day. In 2017, CRRC unveiled a high speed train with double decked sleeper "capsules" classed as the CRH2E series high speed rail train. On January 5, 2019, the CR200J entered service replacing many locomotive-hauled trains. China Railway High-speed runs different electric multiple unit trainsets,
1425-561: The China Standardized EMU brand including CR400AF/BF and CR200J joined China Railway High-speed and are designated as Fuxing together with letters CR (China Railway). With a gradual plan, the CR brand is going to replace the current CRH brand in service. China’s CRH380A Hexie developed by CSR Corporation Limited. it is designed to operate comfortably at a speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) and a maximum speed of 380 km/h (236 mph),it
1482-533: The Chinese rolling stock manufacturers could comprehensively and systematically learn advanced foreign technology. However, this requirement to sign over all rights to the technology used in the trains was a significant barrier to international involvement in the project, as the companies would lose access to any technology that they used on the trains. In the first round of bidding, 140 rolling stock orders were divided into seven packages of twenty orders each. After extensive review and negotiation, three consortiums won
1539-728: The G1202 and G1205 both refer to the same train from Harbin to Shanghai. From Harbin as far as Tianjin West Railway Station , the service is the G1202 up service traveling in the "up-direction" of the Beijing–Harbin High-Speed Railway towards Beijing, but after Tianjin West the train begins traveling away from Beijing down the Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway towards Shanghai, becoming
1596-634: The G1205 in the process. Note: this is not to be confused with the G1208/G1205 from Qingdao to Harbin, which also switches at Tianjin West. The Z31/Z34 from Wuchang to Ningbo is a more complicated example. It starts as the Z31 down service from Wuchang to Zhuji , traveling away from Beijing. At Zhuji, it becomes the Z34 up service towards Beijing. However, one stop later at Shaoxing , it reverts to being
1653-571: The Ministry of Railways launched the first round of bidding on the high-speed rail technology, but the company must be: High-speed EMU design and manufacturing technology companies, including Siemens , Alstom , Kawasaki Heavy Industries and Bombardier , initially had hoped to enter into a joint venture in China, but was rejected by the Ministry of Railways. The MOR set these guidelines for joint ventures to be acceptable: A comprehensive transfer of technology to Chinese enterprises (especially in systems integration, AC drive and other core technologies)
1710-544: The Railways Department for organizing additional passenger trains for the tours. This is a newer class developed to utilize idle tracks (mostly industrial or former industrial) to provide commuter travel to larger city centers from its suburban areas. Existing service until 2015 are S2 line from Yanqing County to Beijing, and Tianjin–Jixian Railway from Ji County to Tianjin. The Jinshan Railway from Jinshan County to Shanghai also fell in this category, but it
1767-779: The Russian Railroad Administration signed an Organizing and developing railway in Russia memo with Ministry of Railways of China, planning to build a high-speed railway from Vladivostok to Khabarovsk . [2] Passenger rail transport in China#Passenger Train Classes and Route Identifiers#Classes Passenger rail transport is one of the principal means of transport in the People's Republic of China , with rail passenger traffic exceeding 1.86 billion railway trips in 2011. It
Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
1824-486: The Z31. The preceding letter of route identifier indicates the type of the passenger train, often determined by the speed and the stop patterns. Types since 2015: (km/h) G trains is a series for long-distance high-speed trains . These are generally the fastest services available and the top speed can be up to 350 km/h (217 mph) but travel around 303 km/h (188 mph) operationally. As such they generally serve only lines capable of such speeds. G1–G5998
1881-517: The Z90 from Guangzhou to Shijiazhuang is an up service as it travels from Guangzhou in the direction of Beijing, but terminates in Shijiazhuang before reaching the capital. Some longer routes change from being an up service to a down service , or vice versa, mid-route, with more than one reversal being possible on the same route. In this case, the train would have two designations. For example,
1938-595: The amount of the tender. In November 2005, the Chinese Ministry of Railways and Siemens reached an agreement, and Siemens in a joint venture with Changchun Railway Vehicles and Tangshan Railway Vehicle (both owned by CNR) was awarded sixty 300 km/h (186 mph) high-speed train orders. The introduction of high-speed trains, a foreign advanced technology, was required in order to implement China's "Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006–2020)". The core technology innovations necessary for
1995-413: The arrangement of following passenger train classes was put into practice from April 1, 2009. Types during 2009 – 2015: (km/h) Common to high-speed and conventional trains are Standing tickets , these do not entitle the person to a seat and they must stand for the journey. During peak travel seasons, can lead to extreme overcrowding. Ticket holders are assigned to a carriage, on conventional trains it
2052-442: The bid: These three consortiums were each given three, three, and one twenty order packages respectively. Germany's Siemens , as a result of an expensive technology bid — the prototype vehicle cost was 350 million yuan each column, technology transfer fee 390 million euros — did not get any orders in the first round. EMU tendered 22.7 billion yuan for technology transfer payments in the first payment, accounting for 51 per cent of
2109-554: The capital Beijing is treated as the focal point of the rail network, trains from Beijing are down services (e.g. the T109 from Beijing to Shanghai), while trains towards Beijing are up services (e.g. the T110 from Shanghai to Beijing). Trains that do not go either to or from Beijing are similarly designated up or down based on whether the railway they are traveling on would eventually lead them away from or towards Beijing. For example,
2166-554: The cities of Hangzhou , Nanchang , Changsha , and Guiyang . The entire line is operational. The last section, Guiyang–Kunming, was opened on 28 December 2016. In November 2017, Chinese media reported that traffic safety was endangered due to quality issues with the construction; furthermore, the construction company committed fraud and illegal subcontracting. On some sections, operational speeds were reduced from 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph) to 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph), due to some problems in construction, confirmed by
2223-477: The clock, most high-speed rail lines operations shut down each night. There are several sleeper EMU services (abbreviated 动卧, dòngwò ) running on the upgraded rail or high-speed lines operated with CRH1E and CRH2E trains. Conventional higher-speed Z-series overnight rail services may also use certain sections of the high-speed rail network; e.g., the planned Shanghai-Chengdu train Z121/2/3/4 will use
2280-403: The completion of the national high-speed passenger-dedicated rail network, more CRH service will shift from these lines to the high-speed dedicated lines. A. Intercity service (typically, listed in schedules as C-series or D-series trains): B. Long-haul service (typically, listed in schedules as G-series or D-series trains): Unlike the "conventional" (non-CRH trains), which run round
2337-526: The development of the completely redesigned train brand called Fuxing Hao ( simplified Chinese : 复兴号 ; traditional Chinese : 復興號 ; pinyin : Fùxīng Hào ; lit. 'Rejuvenation') that based on indigenous technologies. The trainsets are as follows: CRH1 A, B,E, CRH2 A, B,E, and CRH5 A are designed for a maximum operating speed (MOR) of 200 km/h and can reach up to 250 km/h. CRH3C and CRH2C designs have an MOR of 300 km/h, and can reach up to 350 km/h, with
Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway - Misplaced Pages Continue
2394-424: The largest high-speed rail (HSR) network in the world by the end of 2021, with a length of over 40,000 km (24,855 mi). Beijing to Hong Kong High Speed Railway, the longest HSR route in the world, stretches 2,440 km (1,516 mi). As of September 2010, there were 2,876 kilometres (1,787 mi) of upgraded conventional railways in China that can accommodate trains running speeds of 200 to 250 km/h. Over time with
2451-505: The name Hexie Hao ( simplified Chinese : 和谐号 ; traditional Chinese : 和諧號 ; pinyin : Héxié Hào ; lit. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. Some of the Hexie Hao train sets are manufactured locally through technology transfer,
2508-507: The railway "leapfrog development" is the key task required to develop and utilize the technology required for high-speed trains (higher than 200 km/h or 124 mph per hour). In 2007, Chinese state media quoted the People's Republic of China Ministry of Railways spokesman Zhang Shuguang to have stated that due to historical reasons, China's overall railway technology and equipment is similar to that of developed countries ' rail systems in
2565-460: The route, vendors will sell fruit, prepared food and instant noodles on the platforms during the stops for conventional trains. Hot-water is provided in almost every carriage for passengers to make tea or instant noodles. Smoking is generally not permitted in the accommodation or washroom areas of the trains but is allowed in the restaurant/cafe area and in the vestibules between the cars. On modern trains such as CRH or Beijing Suburban railway smoking
2622-587: The route, whilst tickets on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen line have embedded RFID microchips which can be read by proximity readers mounted above the ticket gates. Most trains feature some kind of on-board catering service. Vendors with trolleys walk through the train selling snacks, drinks, fruit, newspapers etc. On shorter distance trains and many high-speed trains, there is a cafe-car selling light snacks, tea, coffee, beer etc. whilst conventional long-haul trains have full-service restaurant cars. At many stations along
2679-481: The state media. China Railway High-speed China Railway High-speed ( CRH ) is a high-speed rail service operated by China Railway . The introduction of CRH series was a major part of the sixth national railway speedup , implemented on April 18, 2007. By the end of 2020, China Railway High-speed provided service to all provinces in China , and operated just under 38,000 km (24,000 mi) passenger tracks in length, accounting for about two-thirds of
2736-545: The stations along the way, resulting in a longer travel time than the fast trains. The top speed is 120 km/h. Route numbers are always four numeric digits—a numeric prefix from 1-5 followed by a 3-digit route number. Numbers 1001–1998 for the trains running through three or more railway bureaus, 2001–3998 for the trains running through two railway bureaus, and 4001–5998 for the trains that run in only one railway bureau. The general train ( 普通旅客列车 , which can be shortened to 普客 , Puke ) has as many stops as possible, and
2793-404: The temporary trains that run in more than one railway bureau, while L7001–L9998 will be used for the trains that run in only one railway bureau. Recently the type was merged into other types for more kinds of temporary services (e.g. Temporary Limited Express). This series is used for trains that specifically run for tourism. Only very few trains begin with Y. Besides, travel agencies can apply to
2850-512: The train's origin and destination, service number, price, date and travel time, accommodation type, class and seat number, as well as a barcode for security checks. Some tickets on the CRH routes such as Nanjing–Shanghai–Hangzhou or Guangzhou–Shenzhen use machine-readable tickets i.e. tickets on the Nanjing–Shanghai route have a magnetically encoded stripe for future use of automatic ticket inspection gates being implemented at major stations along
2907-461: The trains running through two or more railway bureaus, C2001–C9998 for the trains running within one railway bureau. Some of these services run more as commuter trains to/from satellite cities surrounding major urban centres or from downtown to the airport, as at Lanzhou . 'Z' trains , though their name in Chinese (Chinese: 直达 ; pinyin: Zhídá ) technically implies a "non-stop" overnight train, some of these trains have several stops between
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#17327867550462964-440: The trains running through two or more railway bureaus, D4001–D9998 for the trains running within one railway bureau. "D" services can run on high-speed lines, upgraded conventional lines or even over conventional railways at conventional speeds for a portion of their journey to connect some cities off the high-speed network. D-series trains provide relatively fast frequent service between main cities in China. For example: Besides,
3021-403: The trains running within one railway bureau. The standard pronunciation on the railway system is "Te"( 特 ) in Chinese. This series of trains stop at more stations than T-series. The top speed is 120 km/h. The standard pronunciation on the railway system is "Kuai"( 快 ) in Chinese. K1–K6998 are used for the trains that run in more than one railway bureau, while K7001 to K9998 will be used for
3078-494: The trains that run in only one railway bureau. After April 18, 2004, N-series trains, which represent fast trains travelling exclusively within one railway bureau, were derived from K-series. Then all K-series trains travel on lines operated by more than one railway bureau. After April 1, 2009, N-series was re-merged to K-series after April 1, 2009. General fast trains ( 普通旅客快车 , which can be shortened to 普快 , Pukuai ) are slower passenger trains that stop at around half of
3135-573: The two stations. The majority have both soft sleepers and hard sleepers , while some Z trains have only soft sleepers . The top speed is 160 km/h. It uses the numbers Z1-Z9998 without regard to the number of railway bureaus entered. This series became available after the fifth rise in speed of the railway on April 18, 2004. Early on (2004–2006), all but one of the Z-series trains had either Beijing or Beijing West station as their destination or origin. As of 2009, Z-series trains also operated along
3192-460: The world's high-speed rail tracks in commercial service. China has revealed plans to extend the HSR to 70,000 km by year 2035. It is the world's most extensively used railway service, with 2.29 billion bullet train trips delivered in 2019 and 2.16 billion trips in 2020, bringing the total cumulative number of trips to 13 billion as of 2020. Over 1000 sets of rolling stock are operated under
3249-433: Was requested to allow domestic enterprises to access and utilise the core technology. While foreign partners might provide technical services and training, the Chinese companies must ultimately be able to function without the partnership. Railway equipment manufacturers in China were free to choose foreign partners, but foreign firms must pre-bid and sign the technology transfer agreement with China's domestic manufacturers, so
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