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27-583: The expressway is complete for the majority of its length except for two major water crossings that have yet to be built. A fixed link across the Bohai Sea is required to join the first missing link from Dalian to Yantai . The construction of a tunnel was announced in February 2011. Second, a bridge has to be constructed across the Qiongzhou Strait from Mainland China to Hainan . Currently,

54-420: A clear plan remained elusive. In 2019, construction had still not started, and the proposed cost had reached 300 billion yuan ($ 43 billion USD). 38°42′N 119°54′E  /  38.7°N 119.9°E  / 38.7; 119.9 Sutong Bridge The Sutong Yangtze Bridge ( Chinese : 苏通长江大桥 ; Wu Chinese pronunciation: [sutʰoŋ dadʒɔ] , pinyin : Sūtōng Chángjiāng Dàqiáo )

81-524: A multi-level stack interchange connects it with the northern section of the G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway , before continuing south into Qingpu District . In Qingpu District , it connects with the concurrent G2 Beijing–Shanghai and G42 Shanghai–Chengdu expressways and then passes to the west of Shanghai Hongqiao Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station . An interchange with Songze Elevated Road provides access east to

108-685: A satellite city of Suzhou , in Jiangsu Province . The expressway also uses the Hangzhou Bay Bridge between Jiaxing and Ningbo , one of the longest trans-oceanic bridges in the world. The expressway passes through the following major cities: In Shanghai , the section of the expressway known as Jiajin Expressway enters the city in Jiading District . It passes to the west of the city centre of Jiading, where

135-632: Is a cable-stayed bridge that spans the Yangtze in China between Nantong and Changshu , a satellite city of Suzhou , in Jiangsu province. The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge was designed by Dr. Robin Sham, CBE , FICE , a Hong Kong-born and British-based structural engineer who specializes in bridges. With a span of 1,088 metres (3,570 ft), it was the cable-stayed bridge with the longest main span in

162-539: Is a gulf / inland sea approximately 77,000 km (30,000 sq mi) in area on the east coast of Mainland China . It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea , to which it connects via the Bohai Strait. It has a mean depth of approximately 18 meters (59 ft), with a maximum depth of about 80 meters (260 ft) located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait. The Bohai Sea

189-602: Is enclosed by three provinces and one direct-administered municipality from three different regions of China — Liaoning Province (of Northeast China ), Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality (of North China ), and Shandong Province (of East China ). It is the center of the Bohai Economic Rim , and its proximity to the Chinese capital of Beijing and the municipality of Tianjin makes it one of

216-543: Is now Hebei Province. There are three major bays inside the Bohai Gulf: Laizhou Bay to the south, Bohai Bay to the west, and Liaodong Bay to the north. The provincial-level administrative divisions that have a coastline to the Bohai Sea are, from the south going clockwise: Shandong , Hebei, Tianjin (Tientsin), Hebei again, and Liaoning . Some of the major rivers draining into the gulf include

243-641: The G1501 Shanghai Ring Expressway before making a sharp turn west at the S4 Shanghai–Jinshan Expressway just north of the city centre of Jinshan. As it approaches the Zhejiang border, it connects with the southern terminus of S19 Xinnong–Jinshanwei Expressway , a short north-south expressway in Jinshan . Bao'an Humen The Shenyang–Haikou Expressway has a branch expressway, the [REDACTED] G15W Changshu–Taizhou Expressway , between

270-476: The Yangtze Delta economic zone, and has further attracted foreign investors into the city. The bridge is also pivotal in the development of poorer northern Jiangsu regions. The tower is an inverted Y-shaped reinforced concrete structure with one connecting girder between tower legs. The bridge deck is a steel box girder with internal transverse and longitudinal diaphragms and fairing noses at both sides of

297-605: The Yellow River , Xiaoqing River , Hai River , Luan River , Dai River , Daling River , Xiaoling River, Liao River and Daliao River . There are a few important oil reserves in the vicinity of the gulf, including the Shengli Field . Important islands or island groups in the gulf include the Changshan Archipelago , Juehua Island ( 觉华岛 ; 覺華島 ), Bijia Mountain , Changxing Island , Xizhong Island ,

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324-416: The 100 million ton landmark in the near future. The Bohai Bay contains significant oil and gas reserves, which provide much of China's offshore production. The main field in the region, named Shengli , has been exploited since the 1960s. It still produces about half a million barrels a day, but is declining . Production is dominated by Chinese majors ( China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC)

351-485: The 2 cities, Shen and Da, making it the Shenda highway. It translates literally to Shenda high-speed roadway. Originally, it was a 4-lane freeway. It was rebuilt recently and now has 8 lanes. Shenda highway is claimed to be the first expressway in China mainland. It was planned as an express highway but was actually built as a freeway . Due to its length (400 km (250 mi)), it was opened section by section. Although

378-646: The East/West Mayi Islands ( 蚂蚁岛 ), Zhu Island ( 猪岛 ; 豬島 ) and She Island ( 蛇岛 ; 蛇島 ). The opening of the Bohai Sea is bounded by the Changshan Archipelago between Dalian 's Lüshunkou District on the southern tip of Liaodong Peninsula , and the Cape of Penglai on the northernmost protrusion of Shandong Peninsula . Due to its proximity to the capital city Beijing and the population of its surrounding provinces exceeding 210 million,

405-508: The Liaodong and Shandong peninsulas. When completed, the tunnel would be 106 kilometers (66 mi) long, making it twice as long as the channel tunnel connecting England and France. In July 2013, a modified plan was announced, involving a 123-kilometer (76 mi)-long tunnel between Dalian , Liaoning and Yantai , Shandong. The tunnel was first proposed by officials in Yantai in 1992, but

432-664: The adjacent airport and railway station. At the boundary between Qingpu District and Songjiang District , the expressway intersects with the G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway . In Songjiang District , the expressway links to the concurrent G60 Shanghai–Kunming and G92 Hangzhou Bay Ring expressways, followed by the S32 Shanghai–Jiaxing–Huzhou Expressway , the latter which connects to Shanghai Pudong International Airport . It then continues into Jinshan District , where it connects again to

459-464: The bridge was linked up in June 2007. The bridge was opened to traffic on 25 May 2008 and was officially opened on 30 June 2008. Construction has been estimated to cost about US$ 1.7 billion. The completion of the bridge shortens the commute between Shanghai and Nantong, previously a four-hour ferry ride, to about an hour. It brings Nantong one step closer to becoming an important part of

486-640: The busiest seaways in the world. The entrance to the Bohai Sea is considered a part of the territorial sea of the People's Republic of China due to the presence of the Miaodao islands . China declared the Bohai sea to be part of its inland waters in 1958. During the Pleistocene , the Bohai Sea experienced numerous glacioeustatic transgressions and regressions , as evidenced by sediment cores sampled from

513-474: The cities of Changshu , Jiangsu , and Taizhou , Zhejiang . The branch line splits off from the main expressway after the Sutong Bridge and passes through the cities of Suzhou , Jiaxing , and Shaoxing before rejoining the main expressway just north of Taizhou. The spur line is complete. The Shenyang–Dalian Expressway was built between 1984 and 1990. The name combines the first character of each of

540-642: The entire route was not completed until 1990, its first section had already opened in 1986. By 1988, more than 100 km (62 mi) of the route was opened to public traffic. Its competitor, the Hujia Expressway , only 18.5 km (11.5 mi) long, also claimed to be the first expressway in mainland China. It was completed in 1988. Note: italic indicates the routes that were available in 2013 network plan, but removed in 2022 network plan Bohai Sea The Bohai Sea ( Chinese : 渤海 ; pinyin : Bó Hǎi ; lit. 'Bo Sea')

567-563: The exit of the Bohai Gulf to the Yellow Sea , the Bohai Strait ( 渤海海峡 ; 渤海海峽 ), has become one of busiest sea routes in recent times. Due to the Changshan Island Chain traversing the southern half of the strait, the strait is subdivided into several channels : (from north to south, the most commonly used ones in bold ) There are five major ports along the Bohai Sea rim, with throughputs over 100 million tons, though

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594-407: The port of Tangshan is further subdivided into Jingtang and Caofeidian: Caofeidian and Jingtang are usually treated as one port for statistical purposes. The ports of Dalian and Yantai are also traditionally considered part of the Bohai rim, even though strictly speaking they lie outside the limits of the sea. The Port of Longkou reached 70 million tons of cargo in 2013, and is expected to reach

621-635: The seafloor showing fluvial floodplain conditions during intervals of low sea level. Until the early 20th century, Bo Hai was often called the Gulf of Zhili (Chinese: 直隸海灣 ; pinyin: Zhílì Hǎiwān ) or Gulf of Beizhili ( 北直隸海灣 ; Běizhílì Hǎiwān ). The romanization systems widely used in the West at the time rendered these names as variations of "Jili", "Chihli", "Pechihli", or "Pe-Chihli". Zhili and North Zhili were historic provinces in an area surrounding Beijing that approximately corresponds to what

648-499: The southern terminus is Xuwen County , in the city of Zhanjiang , Guangdong , because the fixed link to Haikou , Hainan has not been built yet. Once fully complete, the expressway features many other important crossings over bodies of water. The expressway crosses the Yangtze River using the Sutong Bridge , the bridge with the second longest cable-stayed span in the world as of 2012, connecting Nantong and Changshu ,

675-525: The world from 2008 to 2012. Its two side spans are 300 metres (980 ft) each, and there are also four small cable spans. The bridge received the 2010 Outstanding Civil Engineering Achievement award (OCEA) from the American Society of Civil Engineers . Two towers of the bridge are 306 metres (1,004 ft) high and thus the fifth tallest in the world. The total bridge length is 8,206 metres (26,923 ft). Construction began in June 2003, and

702-403: Was discovered in 1987, and produces from Oligocene fluvial - deltaic and lacustrine sandstones . Oil spills have been reported frequently in this region: three spills occurred in a two-month timeframe in 2011. In 2024, CNOOC discovered a 100 million ton oilfield in Bohai Sea. In February 2011, China announced that it would build a road and rail tunnel across the Bohai Strait to connect

729-561: Was mostly created for this region), but foreign companies, including ConocoPhillips and Roc Oil Company , are present. The Gudao Field, located in the Zhanhua sedimentary basin , was discovered in 1968, based on gravity, magnetic and seismic surveys conducted between 1963 and 1964. The reservoir includes the Guantao ( Miocene ) and Minghuazhen ( Pliocene ) geologic formations within the dome-like anticline . The Suizhong 36-1 Oil Field

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