32-727: The Tāmaki Strait is an area of the Hauraki Gulf in the Auckland Region of New Zealand 's North Island . The strait is east of the Waitematā Harbour , and is located between Waiheke Island , East Auckland and the Pōhutukawa Coast . The Tāmaki Strait is located to the east of Auckland, south of Waiheke Island and north of the Pōhutukawa Coast . During the Last Glacial Maximum (known locally as
64-623: A flat marae ātea (marae entrance courtyard). An alternative name that was used was Te Awaroa ("The Long Channel"). Hauraki Gulf The Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana is a coastal feature of the North Island of New Zealand . It has an area of 4000 km , and lies between, in anticlockwise order, the Auckland Region , the Hauraki Plains , the Coromandel Peninsula , and Great Barrier Island . Most of
96-644: A number of (above-water) wildlife sanctuaries. Mahurangi River The Mahurangi River in northern New Zealand flows through the town of Warkworth and into Mahurangi Harbour , which opens into the outer Hauraki Gulf . The Left Branch of the river rises in the Dome and flows through the Dome Valley , while the Right Branch rises on Moir Hill. The lower part is a tidal estuary that ranges in depth from below approximately 50 centimetres (20 inches) at
128-458: A number of small cafés, supermarkets, other stores and a post office. There is a moderately large wharf with a floating pontoon by the waters edge, although the river all but dries out there at low tide. The river itself has many small tributary streams that enter at different points along its length. There are several waterfalls on the river. The navigable portion of the Mahurangi river ends at
160-610: A relatively common sight. There are approximately 25 species of marine mammals in the gulf. Nearly a third of the world's marine mammal species live in or visit the Marine Park. Among larger cetaceans , Bryde's whales are residents and relatively common in the Gulf, and their presence in these busily travelled waters leads to a large number of ship strikes, with sometimes several of the whales dying each year from collisions with shipping vessels or sport boats. The population remaining
192-405: Is estimated to be between 100-200. In recent years, increases in numbers of migrating baleen whales are confirmed long after the end of hunting era. These are humpback whales , southern blue whales , pygmy blue whales , and southern minke whales . Less frequently, fin whales and sei whales are seen as well. For southern right whales , these whales will possibly become seasonal residents in
224-650: Is part of the Pacific Ocean , which it joins to the north and east. It is largely protected from the Pacific by Great Barrier Island and Little Barrier Island to the north, and by the 80-kilometre-long Coromandel Peninsula to the east. It is thus well protected against all but northern winds. Three large channels join the gulf to the Pacific. Colville Channel lies between the Coromandel Peninsula and Great Barrier, Cradock Channel lies between
256-511: The Coromandel Peninsula rise on either side of the Firth. Traditional Tāmaki Māori histories describe the naming of the gulf. The migratory canoes Tainui and Arawa left Raiatea at similar times, and both explored the Bay of Plenty area. The crew of both canoes met at Horuhoru Rock (Gannet Rock) , where a ceremony was held in memory for the relatives they had lost on the journey. During
288-532: The Waitematā Harbour (then a river) east of Kawau Island , and flowed north-east between modern day Little Barrier Island and Great Barrier Island , eventually emptying into the Pacific Ocean north of Great Barrier Island. In colonial New Zealand , the river was the main link between Warkworth and the rest of the colony. A portland cement works opened in 1884 beside the river just south-east of Warkworth and many scows and steamers used it to export
320-468: The 20th and early 21st century from human use. Although major study by the Hauraki Gulf Forum in 2011 found that all environmental indicators were still worsening or stable at problematic levels, voluntary coast clean-up groups have collected about 450,000 litres of litter collected from the shoreline, although further conservation efforts are required to maintain the environmental integrity of
352-774: The Pacific Ocean north of Great Barrier Island. The second was a stream formed by the major Hauraki Plains rivers: the Waihou River , Piako River and Waitakaruru River . Prior to the Oruanui eruption 27,000 years ago, the Waikato River also flowed into the Hauraki Gulf at the Firth of Thames . The Hauraki Plains rivers were met by two tributaries, the Wairoa River to the west from modern-day Clevedon and
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#1732797562019384-535: The Umangawha Stream to the east, at Colville , Coromandel Peninsula . This river flowed north, along the plains, turning east and exiting towards the Pacific Ocean along the modern-day Colville Channel between the Coromandel Peninsula and Great Barrier Island. In the west of the gulf lie a string of islands guarding the mouth of the Waitematā Harbour , one of Auckland's two harbours. These include Ponui Island , Waiheke Island , Tiritiri Matangi and
416-512: The area being within 10 metres under sea-level. The Tāmaki Strait was one of the locations visited by the Tainui migratory waka, as the crew explored the eastern bays of the Auckland Region . The area was explored by Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki ancestor Peretū. The strait's traditional name is Te Maraetai, meaning "Marae Enclosed by the Tides", referring to how the sheltered ocean of the strait acted like
448-518: The beaches and restore their vitality. Sections 7 and 8 of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park Act 2000 state: 7 Recognition of national significance of Hauraki Gulf 8 Management of Hauraki Gulf The park is distinctly different from other conservation areas of New Zealand not only by being a marine environment, but because it is home to more than one million people along its shores and on its islands. It also contains
480-423: The cement. The works closed in 1929 and the ruins remain on the banks of the river behind what has become a marina. Warkworth was originally known as Brown's Mill, in reference to the sawmill established by Brown on the banks of the Mahurangi when the area was just a timber camp. The timber was transported by the river and often consisted of kauri spars, which were commonly exported. Sandstone from New South Wales
512-405: The ceremony, a mauri stone brought with them on their voyage named Tīkapa was placed on the island. The name Tīkapa Moana was adopted for the surrounding ocean, and became the name of the gulf. Some particular common or known animals include bottlenose and common dolphins , the latter sometimes seen in "super schools" of 300-500 animals or more, while various species of whales and orcas are
544-546: The channel entrance to approximately 150 centimetres (59 inches) further upstream. The Mahurangi Harbour provides a sheltered anchorage for private pleasure craft in all weathers. Approximately 17,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Period when sea levels were significantly lower, the Mahurangi River flowed into the vast coastal plain that existed where the modern Hauraki Gulf exists. The river met
576-561: The dredging having destroyed the seafloor, and sediment drainage from the agriculture in the Firth of Thames affecting the mussel's viability. Numerous beaches dot the shores of the gulf, many of them well known for swimming and surfing. Although environmental problems exist around urban areas, with 14 out of 52 beaches in the Auckland Region at least occasionally showing unsafe pollution levels (mostly because of untreated sewage ) for bathing, environmental groups are working to clean
608-409: The food chain, led to further degradation, such as a widespread disappearance of kelp beds as they were overtaken by kina barrens. Trawler fishing in general is seen as severely damaging the gulf, and lobster stock are also reported as not rebuilding. It is estimated that today's fish stocks are around 25% of pre-European levels. Also particularly damaging are the results of nitrogen carried into
640-439: The gulf as the populations recover (one of two of the first confirmed birth records on New Zealand's main islands since after commercial and illegal whalings were recorded at around Milford and Browns Bay in 2012 ). Sperm whales visit occasionally. Many of the islands are official or unofficial bird sanctuaries, holding important or critically endangered species like kiwi, takahe, brown teal and grey-faced petrel. Centred on
672-414: The gulf from surrounding agricultural land, with almost 90% coming from the dairy-farming runoff into the Firth of Thames . Other exploitation such as the dredging of the mussel beds of the Firth of Thames, reaching its height in 1961 with an estimated 15 million mussels taken (shortly before collapse of the industry) have led to damage which has not been recovered from forty years later, possibly due to
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#1732797562019704-478: The gulf is part of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park. Hauraki is Māori for north wind . In 2014, the gulf was officially named Hauraki Gulf / Tīkapa Moana. The New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage gives a translation of "the mournful sea" for Tīkapa Moana . In traditional legend, the Hauraki Gulf is protected by a taniwha named Ureia, who takes the form of a whale. The gulf
736-406: The gulf. Particularly damaging were the introduction of industrialised fishing , with for example snapper fishing peaking in the 1970s at more than 10,000 tonnes a year (though even in the 2000s, private fishing of this species is also a considerable factor, weighing in at 400–800 tonnes a year). This severe overfishing, which unbalanced the marine environment by the removal of a main predator in
768-563: The iconic dome of Rangitoto Island (a dormant volcano ), which is connected to the much older Motutapu Island by a causeway. The islands are separated from the mainland by the Tamaki Strait and Rangitoto Channel . Other islands in the gulf include Browns Island , Motuihe Island , Pakihi Island , Pakatoa Island , Rakino Island , and Rotoroa Island in the inner gulf, around Waiheke and Rangitoto; Tarahiki Island just east of Waiheke; Motukawao Islands and Whanganui Island in
800-603: The last glaciation period the gulf was dry land, with the sea level being around 100–110 m (300 ft) lower than at present. The gulf was submerged when the sea reached its current level around 7200 years ago. During this period, the area was home to two river systems. The first of these was a river formed by two tributaries, the Mahurangi River and Waitematā Harbour (then a river) acting as tributaries. This river flowed north-east between modern day Little Barrier Island and Great Barrier Island , and emptied into
832-399: The lee of the Coromandel Peninsula; and Channel Island in the outer gulf. In March 2020, a small excavation was carried out in a large coastal midden on Otata Island. In January 2018, huge swells in the Hauraki Gulf caused widespread damage to its coastal areas and in only a few hours, the coastline or Otata had been reduced by up to 5 meters, exposing the midden. The aim of the excavation
864-407: The lower-most falls near the western end of the village, where, since the 1860s, the river has been dammed twice and several bridges have been installed. A tsunami from the 1877 Iquique earthquake elevated the tide by six feet in mere minutes. There are currently two bridges remaining: a concrete bridge installed in 1971, which was originally used for a tramway but is now a pedestrian bridge ; and
896-417: The main conservation island of Tiritiri Matangi and Little Barrier Island , numerous bird species that were locally extinct have been reintroduced in the last decades, while there have also been some naturally occurring bird "re-colonisations", especially after introduced pests were removed from breeding and nesting grounds. The gulf is a vibrant natural environment, which has seen significant damage during
928-654: The two islands, and Jellicoe Channel lies between Little Barrier and the North Auckland Peninsula . To the north of Auckland several peninsulas jut into the gulf, notably the Whangaparāoa Peninsula . Tiritiri Matangi Island is near the end of this peninsula. Further north, Kawau Island nestles under the Tawharanui Peninsula . Numerous beaches dot the shores of the gulf, many of them well known for swimming and surfing. During
960-410: The Ōtira Glaciation), the area was primarily a flat river valley, until between 12,000 and 7,000 years ago when sea levels rose. The westernmost points of the strait are Rangitoto Island and Achilles Point , and the easternmost are Ponui Island and Raukura Point. Within the strait is Te Matuku Marine Reserve , on the south-eastern coast of Waiheke Island. The strait is shallow, with the majority of
992-506: Was to record this information before it is lost to erosion and was carried out in partnership with Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki , the landowners. An understanding the changing marine environment around the island will also form part of the work. At the southern end of the gulf is the wide, relatively shallow Firth of Thames . Beyond this lie the Hauraki Plains , drained by the Waihou River and the Piako River . The Hunua Ranges and hills of
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1024-495: Was used as ballast and this was dropped at the mouth of the river, where large quantities can still be found. The kauri spars were then loaded for the return trip to Australia. There are two boat yards on the Mahurangi river: one owned by the Portland Cement Works ruins and the other further upstream owned by Warkworth. These yards offer both haul-out and hardstand options for small and large craft. Warkworth has
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