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39-792: The creation of CAD Fund was announced as one of the "Eight Measures" for Sino-African relations at the Beijing summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) by President Hu Jintao on November 4, 2006. It was established in June 2007 with US$ 1 billion of initial funding by the China Development Bank and is envisioned to grow to US$ 5 billion in the future. The fund entered into its second round of fundraising in May 2010 to raise US$ 2 billion. In 2015, China announced its plan to expand

78-643: A 1.65 billion ZAR investment by Jidong Cement to build a cement plant in Limpopo , South Africa . The fund has also participated in acquiring natural resource assets by forming a joint venture with China National Nuclear Corporation (then China Guangdong Nuclear Power Group) to acquire most of the Husab Mine for US$ 996 million in February 2012. The fund made a rare move in media in December 2013 when it

117-530: A 60% stake to WISCO International Resource Development & Investment Limited. Sino-African relations Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.226 via cp1108 cp1108, Varnish XID 222376586 Upstream caches: cp1108 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:57:45 GMT Lamu Lamu or Lamu Town

156-699: A joint venture with the Xinxiang Kuroda Mingliang Leather Co. Ltd, the CAD Fund invested roughly US$ 27 million towards a large leather product factory close to Ethiopia's capital, Addis Ababa . The Fund has also helped establish Ethiopia's special economic zone in collaboration with Chinese companies called the Ethiopian Eastern Industrial Zone (EEIZ). Wherein several independent investment projects are undergoing with potential for large job creation for

195-580: A sizeable artisan community, including carpenters who are involving in boat building and making ornate doors and furniture. The town is served by Lamu District Hospital to the south of the main centre, operated by the Ministry of Health. It was established in the 1980s, and is one of the best-equipped hospitals on the Kenyan coast. The Lamu Port at Manda Bay , the cornerstone of the LAPSSET project ,

234-605: Is a small town on Lamu Island , which in turn is a part of the Lamu Archipelago in Kenya . Situated 341 kilometres (212 mi) by road northeast of Mombasa that ends at Mokowe Jetty, from where the sea channel has to be crossed to reach Lamu Island, it is the headquarter of Lamu County and a UNESCO World Heritage Site . The town contains the Lamu Fort on the seafront, constructed under Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr ,

273-527: Is also of note. Since the island has no motorised vehicles, transportation and other heavy work is done with the help of donkeys. There are some 3000 donkeys on the island. Dr. Elisabeth Svendsen of The Donkey Sanctuary in England first visited Lamu in 1985. Worried by the conditions for the donkeys, the Sanctuary was opened in 1987. The Sanctuary provides treatment to all donkeys free of charge. Lamu

312-567: Is home to the Maulidi Festival, held in January or February, which celebrates Mohammed's birth. It features a range of activities from "donkey races to dhow -sailing events and swimming competitions". The Lamu Cultural Festival, a colourful carnival, is usually held in the last week of August, which since 2000 has featured traditional dancing, crafts including kofia embroidery, and dhow races. The Donkey Awards, with prizes given to

351-535: Is noted for its cuisine, and has a range of stores including the halwa shop selling sweet treats and miniature mutton kebabs and cakes are sold at night. Coconut, mango and grapefruit and seafood such as crab and lobster are common ingredients. The town contains a central market, the Gallery Baraka and Shumi's Designs shop, and the Mwalimu Books store. The oldest hotel in the town, Petley's Inn,

390-507: Is situated on the waterfront. Other hotels include recently renovated Amu House, the 20-room Bahari Hotel, Doda Villas, the Swedish-owned Jannat House, the 3-storey 23-room Lamu Palace Hotel, the 13-room Stone House Hotel, which was converted from an 18th-century house, and the 18-room Sunsail Hotel, a former trader's house on the waterfront with high ceilings. Mangroves are harvested for building poles, and Lamu has

429-569: Is the setting of Anthony Doerr 's short story "The Shell Collector" from his collection of stories by the same name. Part of the events in the novel Our Wild Sex in Malindi (Chapters 14 and 15) by Andrei Gusev takes place in Lamu and on the neighboring Manda Island . Lamu is featured in Wilbur Smith 's novel Monsoon . Lamu is also the setting of the protagonist in three chapters of

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468-476: The Lamu Museum , home to the island's ceremonial horn (called siwa ); other museums are dedicated to Swahili culture and to the local postal service . Notable buildings in Lamu town include: Lamu Fort is a fort in the town. Fumo Madi ibn Abi Bakr , the sultan of Pate , started to build the fort on the seafront, to protect members of his unpopular government. He died in 1809, before the first storey of

507-658: The World Heritage List as "the oldest and best-preserved Swahili settlement in East Africa". Once a centre for the slave trade , the population of Lamu is ethnically diverse. Lamu was on the main Arabian trading routes, and as a result, the population is largely Muslim . To respect the Muslim inhabitants, tourists in town are expected to wear more than shorts or bikinis. There are several museums, including

546-530: The madrassa , which became one of the most prestigious centres for Islamic studies in East Africa. The Mosque is the centre for Islamic Studies and the Maulidi Festival, which is held every year during the last week of the month of the Prophet 's birth. During this festival, pilgrims from Sudan , Congo , Uganda , Zanzibar and Tanzania join the locals to sing the praise of Mohammad. Mnarani Mosque

585-623: The sultan of Pate , and was completed after his death in the early 1820s. Lamu is also home to 23 mosques, including the Riyadha Mosque, built in 1900, and a donkey sanctuary. The original name of the town is Amu, which the Arabs termed Al-Amu (الآمو) and the Portuguese "Lamon". The Portuguese applied the name to the entire island as Amu was the chief settlement. Lamu Town on Lamu Island is Kenya's oldest continually inhabited town, and

624-465: The 1580s, prompted by Turkish raids, Lamu led a rebellion against the Portuguese. In 1652, Oman assisted Lamu to resist Portuguese control. Lamu's years as an Omani protectorate during the period from the late 17th century to the early 19th century mark the town's golden age. Lamu was governed as a republic under a council of elders, known as the Yumbe , who ruled from a palace in the town; little exists of

663-630: The CAD Fund provides support in the form of grants, loans, and subsidies. The CAD Fund has completed over 60 projects, but also acts as a resource to organize the independent investments of Chinese firms. Sometimes these projects have very few funds directly from the US$ 10 billion allocated for the CAD Fund, but benefit from the CAD Fund's logistical experience and monitoring in order for investments to flow with greater efficiency. The CAD Fund in Ethiopia targets agricultural and rural development. In 2009, in

702-726: The CAD fund to $ 10 billion. The investment mechanism of the China-Africa Development Fund operates primarily through the following processes: adhering to the principle of marketization, the Fund independently selects investment projects based on the investment policy set by the board of directors; It autonomously decides whether to invest and determines the scale of investment in line with the relevant investment decision protocols, aiming for long-term returns. Investments are allocated based on project merit rather than by country;

741-535: The China-Africa Development Fund, including exemptions from corporate income tax on earnings generated from investments in Africa. As of 2010 the fund had invested in 30 projects in Africa worth around US$ 800 million. In 2009 alone, the fund invested US$ 140 million of China's total US$ 1.3 billion invested in Africa that year. The fund primarily focused on industrial development. For example, in 2010 it teamed up with several partners by contributing 382.5 million ZAR into

780-616: The Indian Ocean to the Middle East and India. In addition to the abolition of slavery, construction of the Uganda Railroad in 1901 (which started from the competing port of Mombasa) significantly hampered Lamu's economy. Tourism has gradually refuelled the local economy in recent times, and it is a popular destination for backpackers. Many of the locals are involved in giving trips on dhows to tourists. Harambee Avenue

819-807: The Jidong Development Group which invested roughly US$ 52 million towards the creation of a cement plant. The CAD fund also directly invested several million USD towards several renewable energy projects. The Fund has also worked to establish and promote the Coega Industrial Development Zone in Port Elizabeth to stimulate further independent investments and job creation. The bulk of the CAD Fund's investments in Zambia are centered around cotton cultivation projects as well as copper mining projects. In 2007,

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858-455: The Liberian government opened an open-pit iron ore mine in southwestern Bong County for public bidding. The contract was eventually awarded to China-Union (Hong Kong) Mining Company Limited. However, due to a lack of follow-up operations, the company invited the China-Africa Development Fund (CADF) to participate in the project, selling an 85% stake to the Fund. In 2010, CADF subsequently sold

897-474: The Omanis for a Busaidi garrison to operate at the new fort and help protect the area from Mazrui rebels along the Kenyan coast. In the middle of the 19th century, Lamu came under the political influence of the sultan of Zanzibar . The Germans claimed Wituland in June 1885. The Germans considered Lamu to be of strategical importance and an ideal place for a base. From 22 November 1888 to 3 March 1891, there

936-620: The Wifely Duty – had a higher status in Lamu than was the convention in Kenya at the time. In 1812, a coalition Pate- Mazrui army invaded the archipelago during the Battle of Shela . They landed at Shela with the intention of capturing Lamu and completing the fort which had begun to be constructed. However, they were violently suppressed by the locals in their boats on the beach as they tried to flee. In fear of future attacks, Lamu appealed to

975-401: The area including, Air Kenya, Safari Link and Fly 540 — there are daily flights to Malindi, Mombasa and Nairobi. The song "Lamu" by Christian singer Michael W. Smith is inspired by the island. In the song, Smith refers to Lamu as "an island hideaway...the place we soon will be a rebirth from life's demise...where the world is still". The song is about running away from life's problems. Lamu

1014-557: The finest donkeys, are given in March/April. Women's music in the town is also of note and they perform the chakacha , a wedding dance. Men perform the hanzua (a sword dance) and wear kanzus . Lamu Old Town was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2001, based on 3 criteria: In 2011, proposals were being advanced to build a deep-water port which would have much greater capacity in terms of depth of water, number of berths, and ability for vessels to arrive and depart at

1053-596: The fort was completed. The fort was completed by the early 1820s. Habib Salih , a Sharif from Comoros Island with family connections to the Hadramaut , Yemen , settled on Lamu in the 1880s, and became a highly respected religious teacher. Habib Salih had great success gathering students around him, and in 1892 the Riyadha Mosque was built. He opened up the doors of knowledge to everyone, introduced Habshi Maulidi , where his students sang verse passages accompanied by tambourines. After his death in 1935 his sons continued

1092-600: The influence of the Kenyan central government has remained low, and Lamu continues to enjoy some degree of local autonomy. In a 2010 report titled Saving Our Vanishing Heritage , Global Heritage Fund identified Lamu as one of 12 worldwide sites most "On the Verge" of irreparable loss and damage, citing insufficient management and development pressure as primary causes. While the terror group Al Shabaab kidnappings had placed Lamu off-limits in September 2011, by early 2012

1131-643: The island was considered safe. On 4 April 2012, the US Department of State lifted its Lamu travel restriction. However, two attacks in the vicinity of Lamu in July 2014, for which Al Shabaab claimed responsibility, led to the deaths of 29 people. Lamu has a tropical dry savanna climate ( Köppen climate classification As ). Lamu's economy was based on slave trade until abolition in the year 1907. Other traditional exports included ivory , mangrove , turtle shells and rhinoceros horn, which were shipped via

1170-582: The local population. The Cad Fund's main investment in Ghana are power plant construction and developments. Most notable is the Asogli power plant in Tema . This plant is the first private owned electricity producing plant in Ghana, using natural gas . The CAD Fund helped organize over US$ 16 million in investments towards hydro-power plants as well as several infrastructure improvements. The fund will also support

1209-746: The organization of several Chinese firms with the construction of a large port in Lamu as a part of the Lamu Port Southern Sudan-Ethiopia Transport Corridor project ( LAPSSET ). The CAD Fund opened an office in Johannesburg which brought investments in the mining sector by Chinese companies as well as venture projects with South African companies. The largest single investment by the CAD Fund in South Africa occurred in 2010 through their support of

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1248-419: The palace today other than a ruined plot of land. During this period, Lamu became a centre of poetry, politics, arts and crafts as well as trade. Many of the buildings of the town were constructed during this period in a distinct classical style. Aside from its thriving arts and crafts trading, Lamu became a literary and scholastic centre. Woman writers such as the poet Mwana Kupona – famed for her Advice on

1287-428: The primary recipients of support are Chinese enterprises engaged in economic and trade activities in Africa or projects funded by these enterprises; targeted sectors include those crucial to the economic recovery and development of African countries, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and infrastructure that directly impacts people's livelihoods. The Chinese government has also implemented several preferential policies for

1326-490: The rest of the fleet arrived forcing the king of the town to quickly concede to pay an annual tribute to them with 600 Meticals immediately. The Portuguese action was prompted by the nation's successful mission to control trade along the coast of the Indian Ocean. For a considerable time, Portugal had a monopoly on shipping along the East African coast and imposed export taxes on pre-existing local channels of commerce. In

1365-476: The same time than the country's main port at Mombasa . Manda Airport is located on Manda Island in the Lamu Archipelago of Lamu County on the western shore of the Indian Ocean, on the Kenya coast serves the Lamu and the county. Its location is approximately 450 kilometres (280 mi) by air, southeast of Nairobi International Airport, the country's largest civilian airport. Several airlines serves

1404-631: Was a German post office in Lamu to facilitate communication within the German protectorate in the sultanate. It was the first post office to be established on the East African coast; today there is a museum in Lamu dedicated to it: the German Post Office Museum. In 1890, Lamu came under British colonial rule as stipulated in the terms of the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty . Kenya gained political independence in 1963, although

1443-455: Was first proposed in 1975, but only initiated in 2009 under President Mwai Kibaki .   When international funding for the project was sought, the Chinese government seized the opportunity to make LAPSSET part of their String of Pearls geopolitical strategy. The town was founded in the 14th century and it contains many fine examples of Swahili architecture. The old city is inscribed on

1482-468: Was one of the original Swahili settlements along coastal East Africa, believed to have been established in 1370. Today, the majority of Lamu's population is Muslim . The town was first attested in writing by an Arab traveller Abu-al-Mahasini, who met a judge from Lamu visiting Mecca in 1441. In 1506, the Portuguese fleet under Tristão da Cunha sent a ship to blockade Lamu. A few days later

1521-503: Was the financial partner in the acquisition of 20% of Independent News and Media SA , a newspaper publishing house in South Africa, for 400 million ZAR. The China Africa Development Fund provides support in connection with the overseas special economic zones that Chinese enterprises have established in Africa. Although the Chinese government generally takes a hands-off approach to the development of these zones, leaving it to Chinese enterprises to work with host countries to establish them,

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